{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,24]],"date-time":"2024-06-24T11:22:21Z","timestamp":1719228141681},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Human Kinetics","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,1]]},"abstract":"Background<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> Knee disorders prevalence is estimated at more than 50% in a lifetime. There are over 250,000 anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries per year in the United States. There are over 175,000 ACL reconstructions annually. This study was a double-blinded design to establish the reliability and validity of a new orthopedic device to measure linear translation of the tibia on the femur (ACL testing). Methods<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> A Zeiss Smartzoom microscope was used as the gold standard to assess the ability of the Mobil-Aider\u2122<\/jats:sup> to measure linear translation. Sixty blinded measures were taken with each of 6 different devices. Results<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> Both the intraclass correlation and the Pearson correlation were .986. The Cronbach alpha reliability analysis was 0.992. Independent 1-sample t<\/jats:italic> tests were performed on the differences between the Mobil-Aider\u2122<\/jats:sup> and Zeiss values, and were not found to be significant (P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.42); that is, they were the same. Bland\u2013Altman plot and a linear regression revealed no propositional bias. Finally, with 360 measures over 6 devices, the power of this study was calculated to be 100%. Discussion<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> This data are the first step in establishing reliability and concurrent validity of a new device. As a result of the current data, the Mobil-Aider\u2122<\/jats:sup> device is deemed a promising orthopedic tool for use in assessing the laxity of the ACL. Additional testing needs to be performed on both healthy and injured knees. Conclusions<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> There is potential for the Mobil-Aider\u2122<\/jats:sup> to contribute to the assessment of ACL injuries, but additional human testing is needed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1123\/jsr.2018-0472","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,16]],"date-time":"2019-05-16T13:25:20Z","timestamp":1558013120000},"page":"257-261","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Reliability and Validity of an Innovative Device for ACL Testing: The Mobil-Aider\u2122"],"prefix":"10.1123","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Dawn T.","family":"Gulick","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"100","reference":[{"key":"ref371","first-page":"763","article-title":"Pivot shift: a clinical sign of symptomatic anterior cruciate insufficiency","volume":"54B","author":"Galway","year":"1976","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg"},{"key":"ref411","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1097\/JSM.0b013e3181ceca45","article-title":"Accuracy and reliability of anterior cruciate ligament clinical examination in a multidisciplinary sports medicine setting","volume":"20","author":"Peeler","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin J Sports Med"},{"key":"ref641","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.71B5.2584257","article-title":"Is the KT1000 knee ligament arthrometer reliable?","volume":"71-B","author":"Forster","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg"},{"key":"ref311","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knee.2008.01.003","article-title":"Reliability of the KT1000 arthrometer and the Lachman test in patients with an ACL rupture","volume":"15","author":"Wiersema","year":"2008","journal-title":"Knee"},{"key":"ref431","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2805","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-015-3563-2","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of physical examination for anterior knee instability: a systematic review","volume":"23","author":"Leblanc","year":"2015","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc"},{"key":"ref351","first-page":"1","article-title":"Texas Orthopedic Group https www txsportsmed com acl tear knee specialists dallas frisco fort worth tx Accessed Nov","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sports Medicine"},{"key":"ref661","first-page":"111","article-title":"Can joint sound assess soft and hard endpoints on the Lachman test?","volume":"27","author":"Hattori","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biomed Mater Eng"},{"key":"ref31","first-page":"763","article-title":"Pivot shift: a clinical sign of symptomatic anterior cruciate insufficiency","volume":"54B","author":"Galway","year":"1976","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg"},{"key":"ref201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-8063(98)70077-5","article-title":"Instrumented measurement of the posterolateral corner","volume":"14","author":"Bleday","year":"1985","journal-title":"Arthroscopy"},{"key":"ref251","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01552160","article-title":"A comparison of pre-operative evaluation of anterior knee laxity by dynamic x-rays and by the arthrometer KT100","volume":"1","author":"Lerat","year":"1993","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumato Arthrosc"},{"key":"ref261","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1000","DOI":"10.3928\/01477447-20130724-14","article-title":"Bench testing of a knee joint arthrometer","volume":"36","author":"Barcellona","year":"2013","journal-title":"Orthopedics"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1177\/036354657600400206","article-title":"Clinical diagnosis of anterior cruciate ligament instability in the athlete","volume":"4","author":"Torg","year":"1976","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"ref491","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2993","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-016-4281-0","article-title":"Global rotation has high sensitivity in ACL lesions within stress MRI","volume":"25","author":"Espregueira-Mendes","year":"2017","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc"},{"key":"ref571","first-page":"698","article-title":"Low accuracy of the KT1000 arthrometer versus Telos radiographic measurements of anterior laxity after ACL graft","volume":"85","author":"Jardin","year":"1999","journal-title":"Revuw de Chirurgie Orthopedique"},{"key":"ref01","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.math.2016.09.007","article-title":"Reliability of physical examination test for the diagnosis of knee disorders: evidence from a systematic review","volume":"26","author":"Decary","year":"2016","journal-title":"Man Ther"},{"key":"ref561","first-page":"491","article-title":"The diagnostic value of clinical test, magnetic resonance imaging, and instrumented laxity in the differentiation of complete versus partial anterior cruciate ligament tears","volume":"29","author":"Dejour","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Arthrosc Relat Res"},{"key":"ref591","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01552160","article-title":"A comparison of pre-operative evaluation of anterior knee laxity by dynamic x-rays and by the arthrometer KT100","volume":"1","author":"Lerat","year":"1993","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumato Arthrosc"},{"key":"ref291","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.25.2.96","article-title":"Comparison of clinical tests and the KT100 in the diagnosis of anterior cruciate ligament rupture","volume":"25","author":"Graham","year":"1991","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"ref21","first-page":"22","article-title":"Clinical examination of anterior cruciate ligament rupture: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"50","author":"Huang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Traumatol"},{"key":"ref151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2993","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-016-4281-0","article-title":"Global rotation has high sensitivity in ACL lesions within stress MRI","volume":"25","author":"Espregueira-Mendes","year":"2017","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc"},{"key":"ref671","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1037\/1040-3590.6.4.284","article-title":"Guidelines, criteria, and rules of thumb for evaluating normed and standardized assessment instruments in psychology","volume":"6","author":"Cicchetti","year":"1994","journal-title":"Psychol Assess"},{"key":"ref141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1078","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0b013e3181469b7d","article-title":"Diagnosis of anterior cruciate ligament rupture in an emergency department","volume":"65","author":"Guillodo","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"ref181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1016\/S0736-0266(01)00148-6","article-title":"Evaluation of an external device measuring knee joint rotation","volume":"20","author":"Almquist","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Orthop Res"},{"key":"ref481","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1078","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0b013e3181469b7d","article-title":"Diagnosis of anterior cruciate ligament rupture in an emergency department","volume":"65","author":"Guillodo","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"ref191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1185","DOI":"10.1016\/S0736-0266(01)00055-9","article-title":"A new device to measure knee laxity during weightbearing and non-weightbearing conditions","volume":"19","author":"Uh","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Orthop Res"},{"key":"ref321","first-page":"111","article-title":"Can joint sound assess soft and hard endpoints on the Lachman test?","volume":"27","author":"Hattori","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biomed Mater Eng"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2805","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-015-3563-2","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of physical examination for anterior knee instability: a systematic review","volume":"23","author":"Leblanc","year":"2015","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc"},{"key":"ref341","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.math.2016.09.007","article-title":"Reliability of physical examination test for the diagnosis of knee disorders: evidence from a systematic review","volume":"26","author":"Decary","year":"2016","journal-title":"Man Ther"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1097\/JSM.0b013e3181ceca45","article-title":"Accuracy and reliability of anterior cruciate ligament clinical examination in a multidisciplinary sports medicine setting","volume":"20","author":"Peeler","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin J Sports Med"},{"key":"ref581","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.80B1.0800169","article-title":"Simultaneous measurements of sagittal knee laxity with an external device and radiostereometric analysis","volume":"80","author":"Jorn","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg"},{"key":"ref111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.1995.22.6.263","article-title":"Examiner proficiency in performing the anterior drawer and Lachman tests","volume":"22","author":"Draper","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther"},{"key":"ref501","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.12974\/2313-0954.2016.03.02.2","article-title":"Can MRI distinguish between a partial anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear and a normal ACL?","volume":"3","author":"Mikashima","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Orthop Rehabil"},{"key":"ref541","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-8063(98)70077-5","article-title":"Instrumented measurement of the posterolateral corner","volume":"14","author":"Bleday","year":"1985","journal-title":"Arthroscopy"},{"key":"ref531","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1185","DOI":"10.1016\/S0736-0266(01)00055-9","article-title":"A new device to measure knee laxity during weightbearing and non-weightbearing conditions","volume":"19","author":"Uh","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Orthop Res"},{"key":"ref471","first-page":"130","article-title":"ACL injury: how do the physical examination tests compare?","volume":"67","author":"Koster","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Fam Pract"},{"key":"ref621","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knee.2013.10.004","article-title":"Inter-rater reliability of the GNRB knee arthrometer","volume":"21","author":"Vauhnik","year":"2014","journal-title":"Knee"},{"key":"ref401","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1177\/036354657500300402","article-title":"The anterior drawer sign: what is it?","volume":"3","author":"Marshall","year":"1975","journal-title":"J Sports Med"},{"key":"ref511","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1016\/0749-8063(90)90075-O","article-title":"Arthroscopic strain gauge measurement of the normal anterior cruciate ligament","volume":"6","author":"Howe","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Arthrosc Relat Surg"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1053\/apmr.2003.50026","article-title":"Physical examination of the knee: a review of the original test description and scientific validity of common orthopedic tests","volume":"84","author":"Malanga","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"ref231","first-page":"698","article-title":"Low accuracy of the KT1000 arthrometer versus Telos radiographic measurements of anterior laxity after ACL graft","volume":"85","author":"Jardin","year":"1999","journal-title":"Revuw de Chirurgie Orthopedique"},{"key":"ref461","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2325967117729809","DOI":"10.1177\/2325967117729809","article-title":"Accuracy of the Lever sign test in the diagnosis of anterior cruciate ligament injuries","volume":"5","author":"Jarbo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Orthop J Sports Med"},{"key":"ref361","first-page":"22","article-title":"Clinical examination of anterior cruciate ligament rupture: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"50","author":"Huang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Traumatol"},{"key":"ref651","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knee.2008.01.003","article-title":"Reliability of the KT1000 arthrometer and the Lachman test in patients with an ACL rupture","volume":"15","author":"Wiersema","year":"2008","journal-title":"Knee"},{"key":"ref121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2325967117729809","DOI":"10.1177\/2325967117729809","article-title":"Accuracy of the Lever sign test in the diagnosis of anterior cruciate ligament injuries","volume":"5","author":"Jarbo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Orthop J Sports Med"},{"key":"ref421","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1177\/036354657600400206","article-title":"Clinical diagnosis of anterior cruciate ligament instability in the athlete","volume":"4","author":"Torg","year":"1976","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"ref171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1016\/0749-8063(90)90075-O","article-title":"Arthroscopic strain gauge measurement of the normal anterior cruciate ligament","volume":"6","author":"Howe","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Arthrosc Relat Surg"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1177\/036354657500300402","article-title":"The anterior drawer sign: what is it?","volume":"3","author":"Marshall","year":"1975","journal-title":"J Sports Med"},{"key":"ref611","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.5792\/ksrr.17.014","article-title":"Diagnostic tools for acute anterior cruciate ligament injury: GNRB, Lachman Test, and Telos","volume":"30","author":"Ryu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Knee Surg Relat Res"},{"key":"ref281","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knee.2013.10.004","article-title":"Inter-rater reliability of the GNRB knee arthrometer","volume":"21","author":"Vauhnik","year":"2014","journal-title":"Knee"},{"key":"ref381","first-page":"94","article-title":"Accuracy of Lachman and anterior drawer tests for anterior cruciate ligament injuries","volume":"1","author":"Makhmalbaf","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arch Bone Joint Surg"},{"key":"ref11","first-page":"1","article-title":"Texas Orthopedic Group https www txsportsmed com acl tear knee specialists dallas frisco fort worth tx Accessed Nov","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sports Medicine"},{"key":"ref221","first-page":"491","article-title":"The diagnostic value of clinical test, magnetic resonance imaging, and instrumented laxity in the differentiation of complete versus partial anterior cruciate ligament tears","volume":"29","author":"Dejour","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Arthrosc Relat Res"},{"key":"ref601","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1000","DOI":"10.3928\/01477447-20130724-14","article-title":"Bench testing of a knee joint arthrometer","volume":"36","author":"Barcellona","year":"2013","journal-title":"Orthopedics"},{"key":"ref241","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.80B1.0800169","article-title":"Simultaneous measurements of sagittal knee laxity with an external device and radiostereometric analysis","volume":"80","author":"Jorn","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg"},{"key":"ref41","first-page":"94","article-title":"Accuracy of Lachman and anterior drawer tests for anterior cruciate ligament injuries","volume":"1","author":"Makhmalbaf","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arch Bone Joint Surg"},{"key":"ref161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.12974\/2313-0954.2016.03.02.2","article-title":"Can MRI distinguish between a partial anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear and a normal ACL?","volume":"3","author":"Mikashima","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Orthop Rehabil"},{"key":"ref101","first-page":"689","article-title":"Accuracy of physical diagnostic tests for assessing ruptures of the anterior cruciate ligament: a meta-analysis","volume":"52","author":"Scholten","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Fam Pract"},{"key":"ref451","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.1995.22.6.263","article-title":"Examiner proficiency in performing the anterior drawer and Lachman tests","volume":"22","author":"Draper","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther"},{"key":"ref551","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-013-2436-9","article-title":"Is triaxial accelerometer reliable in the evaluation and grading of knee pivot-shift phenomenon?","volume":"21","author":"Berruto","year":"2013","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc"},{"key":"ref331","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1037\/1040-3590.6.4.284","article-title":"Guidelines, criteria, and rules of thumb for evaluating normed and standardized assessment instruments in psychology","volume":"6","author":"Cicchetti","year":"1994","journal-title":"Psychol Assess"},{"key":"ref391","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1053\/apmr.2003.50026","article-title":"Physical examination of the knee: a review of the original test description and scientific validity of common orthopedic tests","volume":"84","author":"Malanga","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"ref301","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.71B5.2584257","article-title":"Is the KT1000 knee ligament arthrometer reliable?","volume":"71-B","author":"Forster","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg"},{"key":"ref131","first-page":"130","article-title":"ACL injury: how do the physical examination tests compare?","volume":"67","author":"Koster","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Fam Pract"},{"key":"ref521","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1016\/S0736-0266(01)00148-6","article-title":"Evaluation of an external device measuring knee joint rotation","volume":"20","author":"Almquist","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Orthop Res"},{"key":"ref631","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.25.2.96","article-title":"Comparison of clinical tests and the KT100 in the diagnosis of anterior cruciate ligament rupture","volume":"25","author":"Graham","year":"1991","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"ref211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-013-2436-9","article-title":"Is triaxial accelerometer reliable in the evaluation and grading of knee pivot-shift phenomenon?","volume":"21","author":"Berruto","year":"2013","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc"},{"key":"ref271","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.5792\/ksrr.17.014","article-title":"Diagnostic tools for acute anterior cruciate ligament injury: GNRB, Lachman Test, and Telos","volume":"30","author":"Ryu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Knee Surg Relat Res"},{"key":"ref441","first-page":"689","article-title":"Accuracy of physical diagnostic tests for assessing ruptures of the anterior cruciate ligament: a meta-analysis","volume":"52","author":"Scholten","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Fam Pract"}],"container-title":["Journal of Sport Rehabilitation"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.humankinetics.com\/view\/journals\/jsr\/29\/2\/article-p257.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.humankinetics.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/jsr\/29\/2\/article-p257.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,19]],"date-time":"2022-05-19T23:11:33Z","timestamp":1653001893000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.humankinetics.com\/view\/journals\/jsr\/29\/2\/article-p257.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,1]]},"references-count":68,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1123\/jsr.2018-0472","relation":{},"ISSN":["1056-6716","1543-3072"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1056-6716","type":"print"},{"value":"1543-3072","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,1]]}}}