{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T15:59:34Z","timestamp":1781539174076,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Human Kinetics","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,1]]},"abstract":"Clinical Scenario<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> Patellofemoral pain (PFP) is a common knee injury in recreational adult runners, possibly caused by faulty mechanics. One possible approach to reduce this pain is to retrain the runner\u2019s gait. Current research suggests that no definitive gold standard treatment for PFP exists. Gait retraining utilizing visual feedback may reduce PFP in both the short and long term. Clinical Question<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> In adult runners diagnosed with PFP, does gait retraining with real-time visual feedback lead to a decrease in pain? Summary of Key Findings<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> A literature search was performed; 3 relevant studies utilizing gait retraining with visual feedback, pain level as an outcome measure, and follow-up measures of at least 1 month after the intervention were included. All the included studies reported a decrease in short- and long-term pain for participants following visual feedback gait retraining. In addition, biomechanical measures related to PFP, including peak hip adduction angle and the angle of contralateral pelvic drop, improved after the completion of the intervention. Clinical Bottom Line<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> There is level 2 evidence supporting the implementation of 8 sessions over 2 weeks of visual feedback gait retraining as a means of treating patients diagnosed with PFP. Based on current available evidence, clinicians should identify faulty mechanics of patients and implement a protocol of increasing real-time visual feedback over the first 4 sessions and decreasing visual feedback over the final 4 sessions. Strength of Recommendation<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> Level 2.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1123\/jsr.2019-0094","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,8]],"date-time":"2019-11-08T15:47:49Z","timestamp":1573228069000},"page":"675-679","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Gait Retraining With Real-Time Visual Feedback to Treat Patellofemoral Pain in Adult Recreational Runners: A Critically Appraised Topic"],"prefix":"10.1123","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Marcie","family":"Fyock","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nelson","family":"Cortes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alex","family":"Hulse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joel","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"100","reference":[{"key":"ref271","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2015.5823","article-title":"Gait retraining for injured and healthy runners using augmented feedback: a systematic literature review","volume":"45","author":"Agresta","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther"},{"key":"ref141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.5040\/9781492596844","volume-title":"Attention and Motor Skill Learning","author":"Wulf","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref241","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2016.03.010","article-title":"The effects of gait retraining in runners with patellofemoral pain: a randomized trial","volume":"35","author":"Roper","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Biomech Bristol Avon"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2015.11.018","article-title":"Runners with patellofemoral pain have altered biomechanics which targeted interventions can modify: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"45","author":"Neal","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1252","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.22274","article-title":"Is patellofemoral osteoarthritis common in middle-aged people with chronic patellofemoral pain?","volume":"66","author":"Hinman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2008.2490","article-title":"Proximal and distal influences on hip and knee kinematics in runners with patellofemoral pain during a prolonged run","volume":"38","author":"Dierks","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther"},{"key":"ref131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1697","DOI":"10.2522\/ptj.20130310","article-title":"Effectiveness of exercise therapy in treatment of patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"94","author":"Clijsen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2012.4184","article-title":"Hip posterolateral musculature strengthening in sedentary women with patellofemoral pain syndrome: a randomized controlled clinical trial with 1-year follow-up","volume":"42","author":"Fukuda","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther"},{"key":"ref301","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.5040\/9781492596844","volume-title":"Attention and Motor Skill Learning","author":"Wulf","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref311","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0166799","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0166799","article-title":"The effects of either a mirror, internal or external focus instructions on single and multi-joint tasks","volume":"11","author":"Halperin","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2009.07.109","article-title":"Kinematic gait characteristics associated with patellofemoral pain syndrome: a systematic review","volume":"30","author":"Barton","year":"2009","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"key":"ref221","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2008.2490","article-title":"Proximal and distal influences on hip and knee kinematics in runners with patellofemoral pain during a prolonged run","volume":"38","author":"Dierks","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther"},{"key":"ref01","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2211","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546518773755","article-title":"A 2-year prospective cohort study of overuse running injuries: the Runners and Injury Longitudinal Study (TRAILS)","volume":"46","author":"Messier","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"ref111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2015.5823","article-title":"Gait retraining for injured and healthy runners using augmented feedback: a systematic literature review","volume":"45","author":"Agresta","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther"},{"key":"ref261","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2012.07.011","article-title":"Mirror gait retraining for the treatment of patellofemoral pain in female runners","volume":"27","author":"Willy","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Biomech Bristol Avon"},{"key":"ref281","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.7575\/aiac.ijkss.v.5n.3p.35","article-title":"Current evidence of gait modification with real-time biofeedback to alter kinetic, temporospatial, and function-related outcomes: a review","volume":"5","author":"Eddo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Kinesiol Sports Sci"},{"key":"ref291","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1697","DOI":"10.2522\/ptj.20130310","article-title":"Effectiveness of exercise therapy in treatment of patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"94","author":"Clijsen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"key":"ref251","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2009.069112","article-title":"The effect of real-time gait retraining on hip kinematics, pain and function in subjects with patellofemoral pain syndrome","volume":"45","author":"Noehren","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2012.07.011","article-title":"Mirror gait retraining for the treatment of patellofemoral pain in female runners","volume":"27","author":"Willy","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Biomech Bristol Avon"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000001465","article-title":"Gait kinematics in individuals with acute and chronic patellofemoral pain","volume":"50","author":"Fox","year":"2018","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"ref171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0838.2009.00996.x","article-title":"Gender differences in the incidence and prevalence of patellofemoral pain syndrome","volume":"20","author":"Boling","year":"2010","journal-title":"Scand J Med Sci Sports"},{"key":"ref211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000001465","article-title":"Gait kinematics in individuals with acute and chronic patellofemoral pain","volume":"50","author":"Fox","year":"2018","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"ref181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2015.11.018","article-title":"Runners with patellofemoral pain have altered biomechanics which targeted interventions can modify: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"45","author":"Neal","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2016.03.010","article-title":"The effects of gait retraining in runners with patellofemoral pain: a randomized trial","volume":"35","author":"Roper","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Biomech Bristol Avon"},{"key":"ref161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2211","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546518773755","article-title":"A 2-year prospective cohort study of overuse running injuries: the Runners and Injury Longitudinal Study (TRAILS)","volume":"46","author":"Messier","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"ref121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.7575\/aiac.ijkss.v.5n.3p.35","article-title":"Current evidence of gait modification with real-time biofeedback to alter kinetic, temporospatial, and function-related outcomes: a review","volume":"5","author":"Eddo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Kinesiol Sports Sci"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2009.07.109","article-title":"Kinematic gait characteristics associated with patellofemoral pain syndrome: a systematic review","volume":"30","author":"Barton","year":"2009","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"key":"ref151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0166799","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0166799","article-title":"The effects of either a mirror, internal or external focus instructions on single and multi-joint tasks","volume":"11","author":"Halperin","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1252","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.22274","article-title":"Is patellofemoral osteoarthritis common in middle-aged people with chronic patellofemoral pain?","volume":"66","author":"Hinman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0838.2009.00996.x","article-title":"Gender differences in the incidence and prevalence of patellofemoral pain syndrome","volume":"20","author":"Boling","year":"2010","journal-title":"Scand J Med Sci Sports"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2009.069112","article-title":"The effect of real-time gait retraining on hip kinematics, pain and function in subjects with patellofemoral pain syndrome","volume":"45","author":"Noehren","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"ref231","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2012.4184","article-title":"Hip posterolateral musculature strengthening in sedentary women with patellofemoral pain syndrome: a randomized controlled clinical trial with 1-year follow-up","volume":"42","author":"Fukuda","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther"}],"container-title":["Journal of Sport Rehabilitation"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.humankinetics.com\/view\/journals\/jsr\/29\/5\/article-p675.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.humankinetics.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/jsr\/29\/5\/article-p675.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,19]],"date-time":"2022-05-19T23:13:22Z","timestamp":1653002002000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.humankinetics.com\/view\/journals\/jsr\/29\/5\/article-p675.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,1]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1123\/jsr.2019-0094","relation":{},"ISSN":["1056-6716","1543-3072"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1056-6716","type":"print"},{"value":"1543-3072","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,1]]}}}