{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T04:53:39Z","timestamp":1778907219917,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Human Kinetics","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic><jats:bold>Context<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> Within each hamstring muscle, there are segments with separate nerve innervation. However, a better understanding of activation levels within these regions during resistance exercise could lead to region-specific training for improved performance and injury prevention. <jats:italic><jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> To compare muscle activation levels within regions of the hamstrings during various resistance exercises. <jats:italic><jats:bold>Design<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> Within-subjects repeated measures. <jats:italic><jats:bold>Setting<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> Biomechanics laboratory. <jats:italic><jats:bold>Participants<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> Eighteen young adult females with previous competitive sport participation and resistance training experience. <jats:italic><jats:bold>Intervention<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> One set of 3 repetitions with an 8RM load on the bilateral squat, modified single-leg squat, stiff-legged dead lift, and leg curl (LC). <jats:italic><jats:bold>Main Outcome Measures<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> Normalized surface electromyography of 4 hamstring regions (proximal-medial, proximal-lateral, distal-medial, and distal-lateral). <jats:italic><jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> For LC only, electromyography measures for the proximal-lateral location were significantly lower than for the distal-lateral, <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>18<\/jats:sub>\u2009=\u20095.6, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001, and proximal-medial, <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>18<\/jats:sub>\u2009=\u20092.4, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.01 locations for concentric contractions. Similar results were observed for eccentric contractions. No other exercises revealed regional activation differences. When comparing the pooled proximal (medial and lateral) region across exercises, the LC demonstrated significantly greater activation than the modified single-leg squat, <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>18<\/jats:sub>\u2009=\u20095.20, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001, stiff-legged dead lift, <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>18<\/jats:sub>\u2009=\u20097.311, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001, and bilateral squat, <jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>3,54<\/jats:sub>\u2009=\u200949.8, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001. Similar significantly greater levels were also found during the LC for the pooled distal, medial, and lateral regions. In addition, the modified single-leg squat electromyography was significantly greater at all regions in comparison with the stiff-legged dead lift and bilateral squat. <jats:italic><jats:bold>Conclusions<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> The data did not reveal consistent regional differences within the different exercises included in this study. However, the data indicate that the LC produces the highest hamstring activation in all regions across exercises. Inclusion of single-joint knee-flexion exercises would appear to be most beneficial for hamstrings development in a resistance-training program.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1123\/jsr.2019-0118","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,25]],"date-time":"2019-09-25T04:46:44Z","timestamp":1569386804000},"page":"813-819","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Comparison of Regional Hamstrings Activation During Resistance Exercises in Females With Prior Athletic Experience"],"prefix":"10.1123","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Kevin","family":"McCurdy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Walker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"100","reference":[{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1080\/15438627.2010.490185","article-title":"Differences in activation patterns of knee flexor muscles during concentric and eccentric exercises","volume":"18","author":"Ono","year":"2010","journal-title":"Res Sports Med"},{"key":"ref91","first-page":"17","article-title":"Electromyographic analysis of the three subdivisions of the gluteus medius during weight-bearing exercises","volume":"2","author":"O\u2019Sullivan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sports Med Arthrosc Rehabil Ther Technol"},{"key":"ref261","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546506294679","article-title":"Acute first-time hamstring strains during slow-speed stretching: clinical, magnetic resonance imaging, and recovery characteristics","volume":"35","author":"Askling","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000000598","article-title":"Regional differences in muscle activation during hamstrings exercise","volume":"29","author":"Schoenfeld","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"key":"ref471","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-48.4.01","article-title":"Hamstrings stiffness and landing biomechanics linked to ACL loading","volume":"48","author":"Blackburn","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Athl Train"},{"key":"ref551","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e3181c509f4","article-title":"Gender-based analysis of hamstring and quadriceps muscle activation during jump landings and cutting","volume":"24","author":"Ebben","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"key":"ref591","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1573","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000000302","article-title":"Muscle activation during various hamstring exercises","volume":"28","author":"McAllister","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"key":"ref221","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-007-0549-x","article-title":"Non-uniform changes in magnetic resonance measurements of the semitendinosus muscle following intensive eccentric exercise","volume":"101","author":"Kubota","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1391","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2013.08.008","article-title":"Functional differences between anatomical regions of the anconeus muscle in humans","volume":"23","author":"Bergin","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Electromyogr Kinesiol"},{"key":"ref401","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7580.2010.01212.x","article-title":"Function of the shoulder muscles during arm elevation: an assessment using positron emission tomography","volume":"216","author":"Omi","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Anat"},{"key":"ref411","first-page":"17","article-title":"Electromyographic analysis of the three subdivisions of the gluteus medius during weight-bearing exercises","volume":"2","author":"O\u2019Sullivan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sports Med Arthrosc Rehabil Ther Technol"},{"key":"ref11","first-page":"168","article-title":"Electromyographic activity of the hamstrings during performance of the leg curl, stiff-leg deadlift, and back squat movements","volume":"13","author":"Wright","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"key":"ref311","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000000404","article-title":"How joint torques affect hamstring injury risk in sprinting swing-stance transition","volume":"47","author":"Sun","year":"2015","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"ref581","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546506294679","article-title":"Acute first-time hamstring strains during slow-speed stretching: clinical, magnetic resonance imaging, and recovery characteristics","volume":"35","author":"Askling","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"ref431","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1159\/000085004","article-title":"Hamstring muscles: architecture and innervation","volume":"179","author":"Woodley","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cells Tissues Organs"},{"key":"ref511","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2006.031211","article-title":"Distal tears of the hamstring muscles: review of the literature and our results of surgical treatment","volume":"41","author":"Lempainen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"ref281","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1519\/00124278-200702000-00020","article-title":"Comparison of hamstring and quadriceps femoris electromyographic activity between men and women during a stable single-limb squat on both a stable and labile surface","volume":"21","author":"Youdas","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"key":"ref181","first-page":"371","article-title":"Physical principles demonstrate that the biceps femoris muscle relative to the other hamstring muscles exerts the most force: implications for hamstring muscle strain injuries","volume":"4","author":"Dolman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Muscles Ligaments Tendons J"},{"key":"ref111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1159\/000085004","article-title":"Hamstring muscles: architecture and innervation","volume":"179","author":"Woodley","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cells Tissues Organs"},{"key":"ref421","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1142\/S0218957706001704","article-title":"Muscles within muscles: a mechanomyographic analysis of muscle segment contractile properties within human gluteus maximus","volume":"10","author":"McAndrew","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Musculoskelet Res"},{"key":"ref171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-44.3.256","article-title":"Association of quadriceps and hamstrings cocontraction patterns with knee joint loading","volume":"44","author":"Palmieri-Smith","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Athl Train"},{"key":"ref491","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-44.3.256","article-title":"Association of quadriceps and hamstrings cocontraction patterns with knee joint loading","volume":"44","author":"Palmieri-Smith","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Athl Train"},{"key":"ref191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2006.031211","article-title":"Distal tears of the hamstring muscles: review of the literature and our results of surgical treatment","volume":"41","author":"Lempainen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"ref231","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e3181c509f4","article-title":"Gender-based analysis of hamstring and quadriceps muscle activation during jump landings and cutting","volume":"24","author":"Ebben","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"key":"ref301","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2000.30.3.143","article-title":"Gross measures of exercise-induced muscular hypertrophy","volume":"30","author":"Weiss","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther"},{"key":"ref361","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1391","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2013.08.008","article-title":"Functional differences between anatomical regions of the anconeus muscle in humans","volume":"23","author":"Bergin","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Electromyogr Kinesiol"},{"key":"ref501","first-page":"371","article-title":"Physical principles demonstrate that the biceps femoris muscle relative to the other hamstring muscles exerts the most force: implications for hamstring muscle strain injuries","volume":"4","author":"Dolman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Muscles Ligaments Tendons J"},{"key":"ref331","first-page":"168","article-title":"Electromyographic activity of the hamstrings during performance of the leg curl, stiff-leg deadlift, and back squat movements","volume":"13","author":"Wright","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1142\/S0218957706001704","article-title":"Muscles within muscles: a mechanomyographic analysis of muscle segment contractile properties within human gluteus maximus","volume":"10","author":"McAndrew","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Musculoskelet Res"},{"key":"ref521","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2001.31.12.730","article-title":"Influence of joint position on electromyographic and torque generation during maximal voluntary isometric contractions of the hamstrings and gluteus maximus muscles","volume":"31","author":"Worrell","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2005.10.007","article-title":"Muscles within muscles: coordination of 19 muscle segments within 3 shoulder muscles during isometric motor tasks","volume":"17","author":"Brown","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Electrmyogr Kinesiol"},{"key":"ref141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1123\/jsr.19.1.57","article-title":"Comparison of lower extremity EMG between the 2-leg squat and modified single-leg squat in female athletes","volume":"19","author":"McCurdy","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Sport Rehabil"},{"key":"ref451","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1157","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-9993(96)90140-9","article-title":"Precise localization of the motor nerve branches to the hamstring muscles: an aid to the conduct of neurolytic procedures","volume":"77","author":"Seidel","year":"1996","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"ref351","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000000598","article-title":"Regional differences in muscle activation during hamstrings exercise","volume":"29","author":"Schoenfeld","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"key":"ref251","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1016\/S1050-6411(03)00056-7","article-title":"Muscle activation patterns of selected lower extremity muscles during stepping and cutting tasks","volume":"13","author":"Houck","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Electromyogr Kinesiol"},{"key":"ref161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2019.02.003","article-title":"Concurrent changes in eccentric hamstring strength and knee joint kinematics induced by soccer specific fatigue","volume":"37","author":"Greig","year":"2019","journal-title":"Phys Ther Sport"},{"key":"ref291","first-page":"428","article-title":"The effect of back squat depth on EMG activity of 4 superficial hip and thigh muscles","volume":"16","author":"Caterisano","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1142\/S0218957706001716","article-title":"Neuromotor coordination of multisegmental muscle during a change in movement direction","volume":"10","author":"Brown","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Musculoskelet Res"},{"key":"ref601","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1519\/00124278-200702000-00020","article-title":"Comparison of hamstring and quadriceps femoris electromyographic activity between men and women during a stable single-limb squat on both a stable and labile surface","volume":"21","author":"Youdas","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"key":"ref391","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2011.10.012","article-title":"Region specificity of rectus femoris muscle for force vectors in vivo","volume":"45","author":"Hagio","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Biomech"},{"key":"ref211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e31825c2f38","article-title":"Nonuniform changes in MRI measurements of the thigh muscles after two hamstring strengthening exercises","volume":"27","author":"Mendiguchia","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"key":"ref481","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2019.02.003","article-title":"Concurrent changes in eccentric hamstring strength and knee joint kinematics induced by soccer specific fatigue","volume":"37","author":"Greig","year":"2019","journal-title":"Phys Ther Sport"},{"key":"ref321","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.math.2012.11.006","article-title":"Activation of the gluteus maximus and hamstring muscles during prone hip extension with knee flexion in three hip abduction positions","volume":"18","author":"Kang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Man Ther"},{"key":"ref201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2001.31.12.730","article-title":"Influence of joint position on electromyographic and torque generation during maximal voluntary isometric contractions of the hamstrings and gluteus maximus muscles","volume":"31","author":"Worrell","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther"},{"key":"ref121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1646","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-200111000-00032","article-title":"Lateral inter-muscular septum of the thigh and short head of the biceps femoris muscle: an anatomic investigation with new clinical applications","volume":"108","author":"Hayashi","year":"2001","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"ref381","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2005.10.007","article-title":"Muscles within muscles: coordination of 19 muscle segments within 3 shoulder muscles during isometric motor tasks","volume":"17","author":"Brown","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Electrmyogr Kinesiol"},{"key":"ref561","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knee.2006.11.008","article-title":"Gender differences in knee kinematics and muscle activity during single limb drop landing","volume":"14","author":"Nagano","year":"2007","journal-title":"Knee"},{"key":"ref341","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1080\/15438627.2010.490185","article-title":"Differences in activation patterns of knee flexor muscles during concentric and eccentric exercises","volume":"18","author":"Ono","year":"2010","journal-title":"Res Sports Med"},{"key":"ref611","first-page":"428","article-title":"The effect of back squat depth on EMG activity of 4 superficial hip and thigh muscles","volume":"16","author":"Caterisano","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"key":"ref621","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2000.30.3.143","article-title":"Gross measures of exercise-induced muscular hypertrophy","volume":"30","author":"Weiss","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther"},{"key":"ref441","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1646","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-200111000-00032","article-title":"Lateral inter-muscular septum of the thigh and short head of the biceps femoris muscle: an anatomic investigation with new clinical applications","volume":"108","author":"Hayashi","year":"2001","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"ref01","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.math.2012.11.006","article-title":"Activation of the gluteus maximus and hamstring muscles during prone hip extension with knee flexion in three hip abduction positions","volume":"18","author":"Kang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Man Ther"},{"key":"ref571","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1016\/S1050-6411(03)00056-7","article-title":"Muscle activation patterns of selected lower extremity muscles during stepping and cutting tasks","volume":"13","author":"Houck","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Electromyogr Kinesiol"},{"key":"ref371","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1142\/S0218957706001716","article-title":"Neuromotor coordination of multisegmental muscle during a change in movement direction","volume":"10","author":"Brown","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Musculoskelet Res"},{"key":"ref241","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knee.2006.11.008","article-title":"Gender differences in knee kinematics and muscle activity during single limb drop landing","volume":"14","author":"Nagano","year":"2007","journal-title":"Knee"},{"key":"ref151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-48.4.01","article-title":"Hamstrings stiffness and landing biomechanics linked to ACL loading","volume":"48","author":"Blackburn","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Athl Train"},{"key":"ref131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1157","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-9993(96)90140-9","article-title":"Precise localization of the motor nerve branches to the hamstring muscles: an aid to the conduct of neurolytic procedures","volume":"77","author":"Seidel","year":"1996","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"ref531","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e31825c2f38","article-title":"Nonuniform changes in MRI measurements of the thigh muscles after two hamstring strengthening exercises","volume":"27","author":"Mendiguchia","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"key":"ref461","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1123\/jsr.19.1.57","article-title":"Comparison of lower extremity EMG between the 2-leg squat and modified single-leg squat in female athletes","volume":"19","author":"McCurdy","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Sport Rehabil"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7580.2010.01212.x","article-title":"Function of the shoulder muscles during arm elevation: an assessment using positron emission tomography","volume":"216","author":"Omi","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Anat"},{"key":"ref271","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1573","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000000302","article-title":"Muscle activation during various hamstring exercises","volume":"28","author":"McAllister","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2011.10.012","article-title":"Region specificity of rectus femoris muscle for force vectors in vivo","volume":"45","author":"Hagio","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Biomech"},{"key":"ref541","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-007-0549-x","article-title":"Non-uniform changes in magnetic resonance measurements of the semitendinosus muscle following intensive eccentric exercise","volume":"101","author":"Kubota","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"ref631","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000000404","article-title":"How joint torques affect hamstring injury risk in sprinting swing-stance transition","volume":"47","author":"Sun","year":"2015","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"}],"container-title":["Journal of Sport Rehabilitation"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.humankinetics.com\/view\/journals\/jsr\/29\/6\/article-p813.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.humankinetics.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/jsr\/29\/6\/article-p813.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,19]],"date-time":"2022-05-19T23:12:25Z","timestamp":1653001945000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.humankinetics.com\/view\/journals\/jsr\/29\/6\/article-p813.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,1]]},"references-count":64,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1123\/jsr.2019-0118","relation":{},"ISSN":["1056-6716","1543-3072"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1056-6716","type":"print"},{"value":"1543-3072","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,1]]}}}