{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T08:11:21Z","timestamp":1768810281415,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Human Kinetics","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,1]]},"abstract":"Context<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> Lower back pain is prevalent in horse riders as a result of the absorption of repetitive and multiplanar propulsive forces from the horse. Global positioning system technology provides potential for in vivo measurement of planar loading during riding. Objective<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> To quantify the uniaxial loading at the lumbar and cervicothoracic spine during dressage elements. Design<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> Repeated measures, randomized order. Setting<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> Equestrian arena. Patients (or Other Participants)<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> Twenty-one female dressage riders. Intervention(s)<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> Each rider completed walk, rising trot, sitting trot, and canter trials in a randomized order. A global positioning system unit was placed within customized garments at C7 and L5, collecting triaxial accelerometry data at 100\u00a0Hz. Outcome Measures<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> PlayerLoad based on the rate of change of acceleration and calculated in the anteroposterior (AP), mediolateral, and vertical planes during each trial. Results<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> There was no significant main effect for global positioning system location in the AP (P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.76), mediolateral (P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.88), or vertical (P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.76) planes. There was a significant main effect for pace in all trials (P<\/jats:italic>\u2009<\u2009.001), with successive elements eliciting significantly greater loading (P<\/jats:italic>\u2009\u2264\u2009.03) in all planes in the order walk\u2009<\u2009rising trot\u2009<\u2009canter\u2009<\u2009sitting trot. There was a significant placement\u2009\u00d7\u2009element interaction only in the AP plane (P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.03) with AP loading greater at L5 during walk, rising trot, and canter trials, but greater at C7 during sitting trot. Conclusions<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> The significant main effect for dressage element was indicative of greater pace of the horse, with faster pace activities eliciting greater loading in all planes. In vivo measurement of spinal accelerometry has application in the objective measurement and subsequent management of lumbar load for riders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1123\/jsr.2019-0266","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,3]],"date-time":"2020-01-03T05:48:01Z","timestamp":1578030481000},"page":"315-319","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Lumbar Spine Loading During Dressage Riding"],"prefix":"10.1123","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Catherine","family":"Mason","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matt","family":"Greig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"100","reference":[{"key":"ref291","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-963038","article-title":"Influence of the riding discipline and riding intensity on the incidence of back pain in competitive horseback riders","volume":"21","author":"Kraft","year":"2007","journal-title":"Sportverletz Sportschaden"},{"key":"ref381","article-title":"Sub-maximal cricket fast bowling offers a disproportionate reduction in loading vs performance: an alternative workload intervention","author":"Greig","journal-title":"J Sport Rehabil"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.3920\/CEP170016","article-title":"A preliminary study to investigate the prevalence of pain in elite dressage riders during competition in the United Kingdom","volume":"13","author":"Lewis","year":"2017","journal-title":"Comp Exerc Physiol"},{"key":"ref461","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"950","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2013.02.002","article-title":"A preliminary study of an inertial sensor-based method for the assessment of human pelvis kinematics in dressage riding","volume":"33","author":"M\u00fcnz","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Equine Vet Sci"},{"key":"ref271","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2010.04.026","article-title":"How do features of dressage arenas influence training surface properties which are potentially associated with lameness?","volume":"186","author":"Murray","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vet J"},{"key":"ref181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"950","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2013.02.002","article-title":"A preliminary study of an inertial sensor-based method for the assessment of human pelvis kinematics in dressage riding","volume":"33","author":"M\u00fcnz","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Equine Vet Sci"},{"key":"ref161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.3920\/CEP150035","article-title":"Postural changes and their effects in elite riders when actively influencing the horse versus sitting passively at trot","volume":"12","author":"Engell","year":"2016","journal-title":"Comp Exerc Physiol"},{"key":"ref131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1097\/ta.0b013e318031b5d4","article-title":"Equestrian injury prevention efforts need more attention to novice riders","volume":"62","author":"Mayberry","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Trauma Injury Infect Crit Care"},{"key":"ref351","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2014.09.005","article-title":"Postural characteristics of female dressage riders using 3D motion analysis and the effects of an athletic taping technique: a randomised control trial","volume":"16","author":"Alexander","year":"2014","journal-title":"Phys Ther Sport"},{"key":"ref441","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.3920\/CEP150035","article-title":"Postural changes and their effects in elite riders when actively influencing the horse versus sitting passively at trot","volume":"12","author":"Engell","year":"2016","journal-title":"Comp Exerc Physiol"},{"key":"ref151","first-page":"25","article-title":"Det nevrobiologiske grunnlaget for balanse [Neurological basis of balance]","volume":"8","author":"Brodal","year":"2004","journal-title":"Fysioterapeuten"},{"key":"ref321","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198304000-00017","article-title":"The mechanical function of the lumbar apophyseal joints","volume":"8","author":"Adams","year":"1983","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"ref241","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1097\/00002517-199212000-00002","article-title":"The stabilizing system of the spine. 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