{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T06:22:14Z","timestamp":1789194134345,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"Human Kinetics","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]]},"abstract":"Context<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> A recent report demonstrated moderate to strong relationships between seated single-arm shot-put (SSASP) test performance and isokinetic pushing forces at varying velocities, directly supporting the SSASP test as a reflection of multijoint upper-extremity strength. Yet, no previous work appears to have assessed whether the SSASP test is more reflective of shoulder flexion or elbow extension strength. Objective<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> To examine the relationship between isokinetic shoulder flexion and elbow extension strength and SSASP test performance and to compare limb symmetry indices (LSI) between the 2 tests. Design<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> Correlational design. Setting<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> Biomechanics laboratory. Patients (or Other Participants)<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> A total of 30 healthy and physically active young adults. Intervention(s)<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> Participants completed the SSASP test and concentric isokinetic (60\u00b0\/s and 180\u00b0\/s) shoulder flexion and elbow extension using their dominant and nondominant arms. Main Outcome Measures<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> SSASP test performance and isokinetic shoulder flexion and elbow extension peak torques as well as LSI between the 2 tests. Results<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> Strong relationships were observed between SSASP ranges and isokinetic peak torques at each velocity for both shoulder and elbow (r<\/jats:italic>\u2009\u2265\u2009.804, P<\/jats:italic>\u2009<\u2009.001). While the Bland\u2013Altman results on the LSI only demonstrated a significant bias for the shoulder (60\u00b0\/s, P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.009), limits of agreement results demonstrated extremely wide intervals (32.5%\u201352.1%). Conclusions<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> The SSASP test is a multijoint upper-extremity functional performance test that is reflective of equal shoulder flexion and elbow extension contributions; however, there was large variability regarding the agreement between the SSASP LSI and isokinetic shoulder and elbow strength LSI.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1123\/jsr.2020-0069","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,1]],"date-time":"2020-09-01T01:49:38Z","timestamp":1598924978000},"page":"521-524","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Relationship Between Seated Single-Arm Shot Put and Isokinetic Shoulder Flexion and Elbow Extension Strength"],"prefix":"10.1123","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Matthew D.","family":"Watson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George J.","family":"Davies","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bryan L.","family":"Riemann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"100","reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"r1","series-title":"J Strength Cond Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3318","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e3181e7259c","article-title":"Reliability, minimal detectable change, and normative values for tests of upper extremity function and power","volume":"24","author":"Negrete RJ","year":"2010","unstructured":"Negrete RJ, Hanney WJ, Kolber MJ, et\u00a0al. Reliability, minimal detectable change, and normative values for tests of upper extremity function and power. J Strength Cond Res. 2010;24(12):3318\u20133325. PubMed ID: 21088548 doi:10.1519\/JSC.0b013e3181e7259c10.1519\/JSC.0b013e3181e7259c21088548"},{"issue":"7","key":"r2","series-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2014.5004","article-title":"Normalization considerations for using the unilateral seated shot put test in rehabilitation","volume":"44","author":"Chmielewski TL","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chmielewski TL, Martin C, Lentz TA, et\u00a0al. Normalization considerations for using the unilateral seated shot put test in rehabilitation. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2014;44(7):518\u2013524. PubMed ID: 24816499 doi:10.2519\/jospt.2014.50042481649910.2519\/jospt.2014.5004"},{"issue":"2","key":"r3","series-title":"Int J Sports Phys Ther","first-page":"104","article-title":"Can upper extremity functional tests predict the softball throw for distance: a predictive validity investigation","volume":"6","author":"Negrete RJ","year":"2011","unstructured":"Negrete RJ, Hanney WJ, Kolber MJ, Davies GJ, Riemann B. Can upper extremity functional tests predict the softball throw for distance: a predictive validity investigation. Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2011;6(2):104\u2013111. PubMed ID: 2171294221712942"},{"issue":"10","key":"r4","series-title":"J Athl Train","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"976","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-388-17","article-title":"A bilateral comparison of the underlying mechanics contributing to the seated single-arm shot-put functional performance test","volume":"53","author":"Riemann BL","year":"2018","unstructured":"Riemann BL, Johnson W, Murphy T, Davies GJ. A bilateral comparison of the underlying mechanics contributing to the seated single-arm shot-put functional performance test. J Athl Train. 2018;53(10):976\u2013982. PubMed ID: 30299159 doi:10.4085\/1062-6050-388-1710.4085\/1062-6050-388-1730299159"},{"issue":"5","key":"r5","series-title":"J Sport Rehabil.","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1123\/jsr.2019-0140","article-title":"Association between the seated single-arm shot-put test with isokinetic pushing force","volume":"29","author":"Riemann BL","year":"2019","unstructured":"Riemann BL, Davies GJ. Association between the seated single-arm shot-put test with isokinetic pushing force. J Sport Rehabil. 2019;29(5):689\u2013692. doi:10.1123\/jsr.2019-01403161052110.1123\/jsr.2019-0140"},{"issue":"7","key":"r6","series-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1334","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e318213fefb","article-title":"American College of Sports Medicine position stand. Quantity and quality of exercise for developing and maintaining cardiorespiratory, musculoskeletal, and neuromotor fitness in apparently healthy adults: guidance for prescribing exercise","volume":"43","author":"Garber CE","year":"2011","unstructured":"Garber CE, Blissmer B, Deschenes MR, et\u00a0al. American College of Sports Medicine position stand. Quantity and quality of exercise for developing and maintaining cardiorespiratory, musculoskeletal, and neuromotor fitness in apparently healthy adults: guidance for prescribing exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2011;43(7):1334\u20131359. PubMed ID: 21694556 doi:10.1249\/MSS.0b013e318213fefb10.1249\/MSS.0b013e318213fefb21694556"},{"issue":"2","key":"r7","series-title":"J Rehabil Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1080\/165019702753557890","article-title":"Test\u2013retest reliability in isokinetic muscle strength measurements of the shoulder","volume":"34","author":"Meeteren J","year":"2002","unstructured":"Meeteren J, Roebroeck ME, Stam HJ. Test\u2013retest reliability in isokinetic muscle strength measurements of the shoulder. J Rehabil Med. 2002;34(2):91\u201395. PubMed ID: 12019586 doi:10.1080\/16501970275355789010.1080\/16501970275355789012019586"},{"issue":"9","key":"r8","series-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1464","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2016.01.025","article-title":"Isokinetic shoulder strength correlates with level of sports participation and functional activity after reverse total shoulder arthroplasty","volume":"25","author":"Wang A","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wang A, Doyle T, Cunningham G, et\u00a0al. Isokinetic shoulder strength correlates with level of sports participation and functional activity after reverse total shoulder arthroplasty. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2016;25(9):1464\u20131469. PubMed ID: 27066963 doi:10.1016\/j.jse.2016.01.0252706696310.1016\/j.jse.2016.01.025"},{"issue":"8","key":"r9","series-title":"J Rehabil Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.2340\/16501977-1990","article-title":"Isometric and isokinetic muscle strength in the upper extremity can be reliably measured in persons with chronic stroke","volume":"47","author":"Ekstrand E","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ekstrand E, Lexell J, Brogardh C. Isometric and isokinetic muscle strength in the upper extremity can be reliably measured in persons with chronic stroke. J Rehabil Med. 2015;47(8):706\u2013713. PubMed ID: 26181580 doi:10.2340\/16501977-19902618158010.2340\/16501977-1990"},{"issue":"12","key":"r10","series-title":"Singapore Med J","first-page":"614","article-title":"Biostatistics 104: correlational analysis","volume":"44","author":"Chan YH","year":"2003","unstructured":"Chan YH. Biostatistics 104: correlational analysis. Singapore Med J. 2003;44(12):614\u2013619. PubMed ID: 1477025414770254"},{"issue":"2","key":"r11","series-title":"Stat Methods Med Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1177\/096228029900800204","article-title":"Measuring agreement in method comparison studies","volume":"8","author":"Bland JM","year":"1999","unstructured":"Bland JM, Altman DG. Measuring agreement in method comparison studies. Stat Methods Med Res. 1999;8(2):135\u2013160. PubMed ID: 10501650 doi:10.1177\/0962280299008002041050165010.1177\/096228029900800204"}],"container-title":["Journal of Sport Rehabilitation"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.humankinetics.com\/view\/journals\/jsr\/30\/3\/article-p521.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.humankinetics.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/jsr\/30\/3\/article-p521.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.humankinetics.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/jsr\/30\/3\/article-p521.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,27]],"date-time":"2025-08-27T23:28:38Z","timestamp":1756337318000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.humankinetics.com\/view\/journals\/jsr\/30\/3\/article-p521.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1123\/jsr.2020-0069","relation":{},"ISSN":["1056-6716","1543-3072"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1056-6716","type":"print"},{"value":"1543-3072","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]]}}}