{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T01:20:48Z","timestamp":1791076848231,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":8,"publisher":"Human Kinetics","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic><jats:bold>Clinical Scenario<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> Endurance sports require a great deal of physical training to perform well. Endurance training and racing stress the skeletal muscle, resulting in exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD). Athletes attempt to aid their recovery in various ways, one of which is through compression. Dynamic compression consists of intermittent pneumatic compression (IPC) devices, such as the NormaTec Recovery System and Recovery Pump. <jats:italic><jats:bold>Clinical Question<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> What are the effects of IPC on the reduction of EIMD in endurance athletes following prolonged exercise? <jats:italic><jats:bold>Summary of Key Findings<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> The current literature was searched to identify the effects of IPC, and 3 studies were selected: 2 randomized controlled trials and 1 randomized cross-over study. Two studies investigated the effect of IPC on delayed onset muscle soreness and plasma creatine kinase in ultramarathoners. The other looked at the impact of IPC on delayed onset muscle soreness in marathoners, ultramarathoners, triathletes, and cyclists. All studies concluded IPC was not an effective means of improving the reduction of EIMD in endurance-trained athletes. <jats:italic><jats:bold>Clinical Bottom Line<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> While IPC may provide short-term relief of delayed onset muscle soreness, this device does not provide continued relief from EIMD. <jats:italic><jats:bold>Strength of Recommendation<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> In accordance with the Strength of Recommendation Taxonomy, the grade of B is recommended based on consistent evidence from 2 high-quality randomized controlled trials and 1 randomized cross-over study.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1123\/jsr.2020-0364","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,8]],"date-time":"2021-01-08T02:55:58Z","timestamp":1610074558000},"page":"668-671","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["The Effects of Intermittent Pneumatic Compression on the Reduction of Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage in Endurance Athletes: A Critically Appraised Topic"],"prefix":"10.1123","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Hannah L.","family":"Stedge","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kirk","family":"Armstrong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"100","reference":[{"key":"r1","series-title":"Statistics","article-title":"Physiotherapy Evidence Database","unstructured":"Physiotherapy Evidence Database. Statistics. https:\/\/pedro.org.au\/english\/learn\/pedro-statistics\/. Accessed 20 September, 2020."},{"issue":"1","key":"r2","series-title":"J Am Board Fam Pract","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.3122\/jabfm.17.1.59","article-title":"Strength of recommendation taxonomy (SORT): a patient-centered approach to grading evidence in the medical literature","volume":"17","author":"Ebell MH","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ebell MH, Siwek J, Weiss BD, et\u00a0al. Strength of recommendation taxonomy (SORT): a patient-centered approach to grading evidence in the medical literature. J Am Board Fam Pract. 2004;17(1):59\u201367. PubMed ID: 15014055 doi:10.3122\/jabfm.17.1.5910.3122\/jabfm.17.1.59"},{"issue":"3","key":"r3","series-title":"Res Sports Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1080\/15438627.2018.1447469","article-title":"A randomized controlled trial of manual therapy and pneumatic compression for recovery from prolonged running\u2014an extended study","volume":"26","author":"Heapy AM","year":"2018","unstructured":"Heapy AM, Hoffman MD, Verhagen HH, et\u00a0al. A randomized controlled trial of manual therapy and pneumatic compression for recovery from prolonged running\u2014an extended study. Res Sports Med. 2018;26(3):354\u2013364. PubMed ID: 29513036 doi:10.1080\/15438627.2018.14474692951303610.1080\/15438627.2018.1447469"},{"issue":"5","key":"r4","series-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2016.6455","article-title":"A randomized controlled trial of massage and pneumatic compression for ultramarathon recovery","volume":"46","author":"Hoffman MD","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hoffman MD, Badowski N, Chin J, Stuempfle KJ. A randomized controlled trial of massage and pneumatic compression for ultramarathon recovery. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2016;46(5):320\u2013326. PubMed ID: 27011305 doi:10.2519\/jospt.2016.645510.2519\/jospt.2016.645527011305"},{"issue":"2","key":"r5","series-title":"Int J Exerc Sci","first-page":"75","article-title":"Effects of intermittent pneumatic compression on delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) in long distance runners","volume":"13","author":"Draper SN","year":"2020","unstructured":"Draper SN, Kullman EL, Sparks KE, Little K, Thoman J. Effects of intermittent pneumatic compression on delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) in long distance runners. Int J Exerc Sci. 2020;13(2):75\u201386. PubMed ID: 3214861632148616"},{"issue":"11","key":"r6","series-title":"Int J Sport Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0033-1337944","article-title":"Does intermittent pneumatic leg compression enhance muscle recovery after strenuous eccentric exercise?","volume":"34","author":"Cochrane DJ","year":"2013","unstructured":"Cochrane DJ, Booker HR, Mundel T, Barnes MJ. Does intermittent pneumatic leg compression enhance muscle recovery after strenuous eccentric exercise? Int J Sport Med. 2013;34(11):969\u2013974. PubMed ID: 23606340 doi:10.1055\/s-0033-133794410.1055\/s-0033-1337944"},{"issue":"3","key":"r7","series-title":"Int J Ex Sci.","first-page":"375","article-title":"Comparison of a pneumatic compression device to a compression garment during recovery from DOMS","volume":"11","author":"Winke M","year":"2018","unstructured":"Winke M, Williamson S. Comparison of a pneumatic compression device to a compression garment during recovery from DOMS. Int J Ex Sci. 2018;11(3):375\u2013383. PubMed ID: 29795729"},{"issue":"1","key":"r8","series-title":"J Sport Rehabil","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1123\/jsr.2017-0124","article-title":"Sequential pulse compression\u2019s effect on blood flow in the lower-extremity","volume":"29","author":"Brock KA","year":"2020","unstructured":"Brock KA, Eberman LE, Laird RH 4th, Elmer DJ, Games KE. Sequential pulse compression\u2019s effect on blood flow in the lower-extremity. 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