{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T12:36:50Z","timestamp":1768826210817,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Human Kinetics","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic><jats:bold>Context<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> Neuromuscular function is altered acutely following concussion and theoretically linked to the subsequent postconcussion musculoskeletal injury risk. Existing research has only examined voluntary muscle activation, limiting mechanistic understanding. Therefore, our study aimed to examine voluntary and involuntary muscle activation between college-aged, concussed individuals when symptom-free and healthy matched controls. <jats:italic><jats:bold>Design<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> Prospective, cross-sectional cohort laboratory study. <jats:italic><jats:bold>Methods<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> Concussed and healthy participants (n\u2009=\u200924; 58% male, age: 19.3 [1.1]\u00a0y, mass: 70.3 [16.4]\u00a0kg, height: 177.3 [12.7]\u00a0cm) completed the superimposed burst (SB) neuromuscular assessment on their dominant limb within 72\u00a0hours after self-reporting asymptomatic (22.4 [20.2]\u00a0d postinjury). Unnormalized and bodyweight-normalized quadriceps maximal voluntary isometric contraction torque (in newton meters), unnormalized and bodyweight-normalized electrically stimulated SB torque, pain (numeric 1\u201310) during SB, and the central activation ratio (in percentage) were assessed via the SB. Parametric and nonparametric analyses, 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs), and Hedges <jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic> (parametric) and Spearman <jats:italic>\u03c1<\/jats:italic> (nonparametric) effect sizes were used to examine group differences (<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.05). <jats:italic><jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> The maximal voluntary isometric contraction torque (concussed: 635.60\u00a0N\u00b7m [300.93] vs control: 556.27\u00a0N\u00b7m [182.46]; 95% CI, \u2212131.36 to 290.02; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.443; <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.33), SB torque (concussed: 203.22\u00a0N\u00b7m [97.17], control: 262.85\u00a0N\u00b7m [159.07]; 95% CI, \u2212171.22 to 51.97; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.280; <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009\u22120.47), and central activation ratio (concussed: 72.16% [17.16], control: 70.09% [12.63]; 95% CI, \u221210.68 to 14.83; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.740; <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.14) did not differ between the concussed and control groups regardless of bodyweight normalization (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009\u2265\u2009.344). Pain during the SB was significantly higher with a medium effect for participants with a concussion versus healthy controls (concussed: median\u2009=\u20097, control: median\u2009=\u20095; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.046; <jats:italic>\u03c1<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009\u22120.42). <jats:italic><jats:bold>Discussion<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> These findings suggest concussed participants do not have statistically altered voluntary or involuntary quadricep neuromuscular function once asymptomatic compared with controls. Therefore, the elevated postconcussion musculoskeletal injury risk may not be attributed to lower-extremity muscle activation. Concussed participants displayed greater pain perception during the SB, which suggests somatosensory or perception changes requiring further examination.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1123\/jsr.2022-0075","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,22]],"date-time":"2022-07-22T13:26:55Z","timestamp":1658496415000},"page":"31-39","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Lower-Extremity Neuromuscular Function Following Concussion: A Preliminary Examination"],"prefix":"10.1123","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Landon B.","family":"Lempke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"UGA Concussion Research Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA"},{"name":"Department of Kinesiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA"},{"name":"Division of Sports Medicine, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA"},{"name":"The Micheli Center for Sports Injury Prevention, Waltham, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jarrod A.","family":"Call","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kinesiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA"},{"name":"Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthew C.","family":"Hoch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sports Medicine Research Institute, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julianne D.","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UGA Concussion Research Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA"},{"name":"Department of Kinesiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert C.","family":"Lynall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UGA Concussion Research Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA"},{"name":"Department of Kinesiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"100","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"r1","series-title":"J Head Trauma Rehabil","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E37","DOI":"10.1097\/HTR.0000000000000260","article-title":"Epidemiology of isolated versus nonisolated mild traumatic brain injury treated in emergency departments in the United States, 2006-2012: sociodemographic characteristics","volume":"32","author":"Cancelliere C","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cancelliere C, Coronado VG, Taylor CA, Xu L. 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