{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T01:54:06Z","timestamp":1780624446614,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Human Kinetics","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic><jats:bold>Context<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> Knowing the methods to assess the external load in Paralympic sports can help multidisciplinary teams rely on scientific evidence to better prescribe and monitor the athlete\u2019s development, improving sports performance and reducing the risk of injury\/illness of Paralympic athletes. <jats:italic><jats:bold>Objectives<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> This review aimed to systematically explore the current practices of quantifying the external load in Paralympic sports and provide an overview of the methods and techniques used. <jats:italic><jats:bold>Evidence Acquisition<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> A search in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and EBSCO was carried out until November 2022. The measures of interest were objective methods for quantifying the external load of training or competition. The inclusion criteria for the studies were as follows: (1)\u00a0peer-reviewed article; (2)\u00a0the population were Paralympic athletes; (3)\u00a0evaluated during training or competition; (4)\u00a0reported at least one external load measure; and (5)\u00a0published in English, Portuguese, or Spanish. <jats:italic><jats:bold>Evidence Synthesis<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> Of the 1961 articles found, 22 were included because they met the criteria, and 8 methods were identified to quantify the external load in training or competition in 8 Paralympic sports. The methods varied according to the characteristics of the Paralympic sports. To date, the devices used included an internal radiofrequency-based tracking system (wheelchair rugby) a miniaturized data logger (wheelchair tennis, basketball, and rugby); a linear position transducer (powerlifting and wheelchair basketball); a camera (swimming, goalball, and wheelchair rugby); a global positioning system (wheelchair tennis); heart rate monitors that assess external load variables in set (paracycling and swimming) and an electronic timer (swimming). <jats:italic><jats:bold>Conclusions<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> Different objective methods were identified to assess the external load in Paralympic sports. However, few studies showed the validity and reliability of these methods. Further studies are needed to compare different methods of external load quantification in other Paralympic sports.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1123\/jsr.2022-0110","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,8]],"date-time":"2023-05-08T13:53:41Z","timestamp":1683554021000},"page":"635-644","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Current Technologies and Practices to Assess External Training Load in Paralympic Sport: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.1123","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0637-6709","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Eduardo","family":"Stieler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil"},{"name":"Academia Paral\u00edmpica Brasileira, Comit\u00ea Paral\u00edmpico Brasileiro, S\u00e3o Paulo, SP, Brazil"},{"name":"Centro de Treinamento Esportivo da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3896-2208","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Marco T.","family":"de Mello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil"},{"name":"Academia Paral\u00edmpica Brasileira, Comit\u00ea Paral\u00edmpico Brasileiro, S\u00e3o Paulo, SP, Brazil"},{"name":"Centro de Treinamento Esportivo da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2435-5335","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ingrid L.B.","family":"L\u00f4bo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil"},{"name":"Universidade do Estado de Minas Gerais, Ibirit\u00e9, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2621-3330","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Dawit A.","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil"},{"name":"Centro de Treinamento Esportivo da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1609-3278","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Renan","family":"Resende","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil"},{"name":"Centro de Treinamento Esportivo da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3406-4558","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Andr\u00e9 G.","family":"Andrade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil"},{"name":"Centro de Treinamento Esportivo da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1518-9021","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Thiago F.","family":"Louren\u00e7o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academia Paral\u00edmpica Brasileira, Comit\u00ea Paral\u00edmpico Brasileiro, S\u00e3o Paulo, SP, Brazil"},{"name":"Comit\u00ea Paral\u00edmpico Brasileiro, S\u00e3o Paulo, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5265-619X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Anselmo A.C.","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academia Paral\u00edmpica Brasileira, Comit\u00ea Paral\u00edmpico Brasileiro, S\u00e3o Paulo, SP, Brazil"},{"name":"Universidade Federal do Par\u00e1, Bel\u00e9m, PA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7183-8252","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Henrique A.","family":"Andrade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6419-0489","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Renato","family":"Guerreiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil"},{"name":"Centro de Treinamento Esportivo da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8155-4723","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Andressa","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil"},{"name":"Academia Paral\u00edmpica Brasileira, Comit\u00ea Paral\u00edmpico Brasileiro, S\u00e3o Paulo, SP, Brazil"},{"name":"Centro de Treinamento Esportivo da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"100","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"r1","series-title":"Int J Sports Physiol Perform","first-page":"2161","article-title":"Monitoring athlete training loads: consensus statement","volume":"12","author":"Bourdon PC","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bourdon PC, Cardinale M, Murray A, et\u00a0al. Monitoring athlete training loads: consensus statement. Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2017;12(2):2161\u20132170. doi:10.1123\/ijspp.2017-0208"},{"issue":"17","key":"r2","series-title":"Br J Sports Med","first-page":"1030","article-title":"How much is too much? (Part 1) International Olympic Committee consensus statement on load in sport and risk of injury","volume":"50","author":"Soligard T","year":"2016","unstructured":"Soligard T, Schwellnus M, Alonso J-M, et\u00a0al. How much is too much? (Part 1) International Olympic Committee consensus statement on load in sport and risk of injury. Br J Sports Med. 2016;50(17):1030\u20131041. doi:10.1136\/bjsports-2016-096581"},{"issue":"6","key":"r3","series-title":"J Sports Sci","first-page":"583","article-title":"Physiological assessment of aerobic training in soccer","volume":"23","author":"Impellizzeri FM","year":"2005","unstructured":"Impellizzeri FM, Rampinini E, Marcora SM. Physiological assessment of aerobic training in soccer. J Sports Sci. 2005;23(6):583\u201392. doi:10.1080\/02640410400021278"},{"issue":"2","key":"r4","series-title":"Int J Sports Physiol Perform","first-page":"270","article-title":"Internal and external training load: 15\u00a0years on","volume":"14","author":"Impellizzeri FM","year":"2019","unstructured":"Impellizzeri FM, Marcora SM, Coutts AJ. Internal and external training load: 15\u00a0years on. Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2019;14(2):270\u2013273. doi:10.1123\/ijspp.2018-0935"},{"issue":"5","key":"r5","series-title":"Int J Sports Physiol Perform","first-page":"577","article-title":"Neuromuscular responses to conditioned soccer sessions assessed via GPS-embedded accelerometers: insights into tactical periodization","volume":"13","author":"Buchheit M","year":"2018","unstructured":"Buchheit M, Lacome M, Cholley Y, Simpson BM. Neuromuscular responses to conditioned soccer sessions assessed via GPS-embedded accelerometers: insights into tactical periodization. Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2018;13(5):577\u2013583. doi:10.1123\/ijspp.2017-0045"},{"issue":"9","key":"r6","series-title":"Sports Med","first-page":"779","article-title":"The quantification of training load, the training response and the effect on performance","volume":"39","author":"Borresen J","year":"2009","unstructured":"Borresen J, Lambert MI. The quantification of training load, the training response and the effect on performance. Sports Med. 2009;39(9):779\u2013795. doi:10.2165\/11317780-000000000-00000"},{"issue":"6","key":"r7","series-title":"Sports Med","first-page":"861","article-title":"The relationship between training load and injury, illness and soreness: a systematic and literature review","volume":"46","author":"Drew MK","year":"2016","unstructured":"Drew MK, Finch CF. The relationship between training load and injury, illness and soreness: a systematic and literature review. Sports Med. 2016;46(6):861\u2013883. doi:10.1007\/s40279-015-0459-8"},{"key":"r8","series-title":"J Sport Rehabil","first-page":"1053","article-title":"Understanding injury and injury prevention in Para sport athletes","volume":"30","author":"Harrington SE","year":"2021","unstructured":"Harrington SE, McQueeney S, Fearing M. Understanding injury and injury prevention in Para sport athletes. J Sport Rehabil. 2021;30:1053\u20131059. doi:10.1123\/jsr.2020-0477"},{"issue":"8","key":"r9","series-title":"Scand J Med Sci Sports","first-page":"1457","article-title":"Injuries and illnesses in Swedish Paralympic athletes\u2014a 52\u2010week prospective study of incidence and risk factors","volume":"30","author":"Fagher K","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fagher K, Dahlstr\u00f6m \u00d6, Jacobsson J, Timpka T, Lexell J. Injuries and illnesses in Swedish Paralympic athletes\u2014a 52\u2010week prospective study of incidence and risk factors. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2020;30(8):1457\u20131470. doi:10.1111\/sms.13687"},{"issue":"5","key":"r10","series-title":"Phys Sportsmed","first-page":"35","article-title":"Overtraining: making a difficult diagnosis and implementing targeted treatment","volume":"29","author":"Uusitalo AL","year":"2001","unstructured":"Uusitalo AL. Overtraining: making a difficult diagnosis and implementing targeted treatment. Phys Sportsmed. 2001;29(5):35\u201350. doi:10.3810\/psm.2001.05.774"},{"issue":"3","key":"r11","series-title":"J Sci Med Sport","first-page":"359","article-title":"Bowling workload and the risk of injury in elite cricket fast bowlers","volume":"6","author":"Dennis R","year":"2003","unstructured":"Dennis R, Farhart R, Goumas C, Orchard J. Bowling workload and the risk of injury in elite cricket fast bowlers. J Sci Med Sport. 2003;6(3):359\u2013367. doi:10.1016\/S1440-2440(03)80031-2"},{"issue":"6","key":"r12","series-title":"J Sci Med Sport","first-page":"499","article-title":"Training and game loads and injury risk in elite Australian footballers","volume":"16","author":"Rogalski B","year":"2013","unstructured":"Rogalski B, Dawson B, Heasman J, Gabbett TJ. Training and game loads and injury risk in elite Australian footballers. J Sci Med Sport. 2013;16(6):499\u2013503. doi:10.1016\/j.jsams.2012.12.004"},{"issue":"8","key":"r13","series-title":"Br J Sports Med","first-page":"471","article-title":"Has the athlete trained enough to return to play safely? The acute:chronic workload ratio permits clinicians to quantify a player\u2019s risk of subsequent injury","volume":"50","author":"Blanch P","year":"2016","unstructured":"Blanch P, Gabbett TJ. Has the athlete trained enough to return to play safely? The acute:chronic workload ratio permits clinicians to quantify a player\u2019s risk of subsequent injury. Br J Sports Med. 2016;50(8):471\u2013475. doi:10.1136\/bjsports-2015-095445"},{"issue":"3","key":"r14","series-title":"Int J Sports Physiol Perform","first-page":"406","article-title":"Measuring training load in sports","volume":"5","author":"Lambert MI","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lambert MI, Borresen J. Measuring training load in sports. Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2010;5(3):406\u2013411. doi:10.1123\/ijspp.5.3.406"},{"issue":"6","key":"r15","series-title":"J Sci Med Sport","first-page":"493","article-title":"Variability of physical performance and player match loads in professional rugby union","volume":"19","author":"McLaren SJ","year":"2016","unstructured":"McLaren SJ, Weston M, Smith A, Cramb R, Portas MD. Variability of physical performance and player match loads in professional rugby union. J Sci Med Sport. 2016;19(6):493\u2013497. doi:10.1016\/j.jsams.2015.05.010"},{"key":"r16","series-title":"Front Physiol","article-title":"Individualized internal and external training load relationships in elite wheelchair rugby players","volume":"6","author":"Paulson TA","year":"2015","unstructured":"Paulson TA, Mason B, Rhodes J, Goosey-Tolfrey VL. Individualized internal and external training load relationships in elite wheelchair rugby players. Front Physiol. 2015;6:388. doi:10.3389\/fphys.2015.00388"},{"issue":"20","key":"r17","series-title":"Br J Sports Med","first-page":"1451","article-title":"The athlete monitoring cycle: a practical guide to interpreting and applying training monitoring data","volume":"51","author":"Gabbett TJ","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gabbett TJ, Nassis GP, Oetter E, et\u00a0al. The athlete monitoring cycle: a practical guide to interpreting and applying training monitoring data. Br J Sports Med. 2017;51(20):1451\u20131452. doi:10.1136\/bjsports-2016-097298"},{"issue":"3","key":"r18","series-title":"J Sci Med Sport","first-page":"257","article-title":"High-speed running and sprinting as an injury risk factor in soccer: can well-developed physical qualities reduce the risk?","volume":"21","author":"Malone S","year":"2018","unstructured":"Malone S, Owen A, Mendes B, Hughes B, Collins K, Gabbett TJ. High-speed running and sprinting as an injury risk factor in soccer: can well-developed physical qualities reduce the risk? J Sci Med Sport. 2018;21(3):257\u2013262. doi:10.1016\/j.jsams.2017.05.016"},{"issue":"4","key":"r19","series-title":"Adapt Phys Activ Q","first-page":"466","article-title":"Load monitoring variables in training and competition situations: a systematic review applied to wheelchair sports","volume":"34","author":"Simim MAM","year":"2017","unstructured":"Simim MAM, Mello MT, Silva BVC, et\u00a0al. Load monitoring variables in training and competition situations: a systematic review applied to wheelchair sports. Adapt Phys Activ Q. 2017;34(4):466\u2013483. doi:10.1123\/apaq.2016-0149"},{"issue":"2","key":"r20","series-title":"Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am","first-page":"417","article-title":"Paralympic games: history and legacy of a global movement","volume":"29","author":"Legg D","year":"2018","unstructured":"Legg D. Paralympic games: history and legacy of a global movement. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am. 2018;29(2):417\u2013425. doi:10.1016\/j.pmr.2018.01.008"},{"issue":"5","key":"r21","series-title":"Br J Sports Med","first-page":"281","article-title":"Monitoring the athlete training response: subjective self-reported measures trump commonly used objective measures: a systematic review","volume":"50","author":"Saw AE","year":"2016","unstructured":"Saw AE, Main LC, Gastin PB. Monitoring the athlete training response: subjective self-reported measures trump commonly used objective measures: a systematic review. Br J Sports Med. 2016;50(5):281\u2013291. doi:10.1136\/bjsports-2015-094758"},{"key":"r22","series-title":"Biomed Res Int","article-title":"Comparing the activity profiles of wheelchair rugby using a miniaturised data logger and radio-frequency tracking system","volume":"2014","author":"Mason B","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mason B, Lenton J, Rhodes J, Cooper R, Goosey-Tolfrey V. Comparing the activity profiles of wheelchair rugby using a miniaturised data logger and radio-frequency tracking system. Biomed Res Int. 2014;2014:348048. doi:10.1155\/2014\/348048"},{"issue":"19","key":"r23","series-title":"J Sports Sci","first-page":"2070","article-title":"Effect of team rank and player classification on activity profiles of elite wheelchair rugby players","volume":"33","author":"Rhodes JM","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rhodes JM, Mason BS, Malone LA, Goosey-Tolfrey VL. Effect of team rank and player classification on activity profiles of elite wheelchair rugby players. J Sports Sci. 2015;33(19):2070\u20132078. doi:10.1080\/02640414.2015.1028087"},{"issue":"6","key":"r24","series-title":"Int J Sports Physiol Perform","first-page":"777","article-title":"A comparison of speed profiles during training and competition in elite wheelchair rugby players","volume":"12","author":"Rhodes JM","year":"2017","unstructured":"Rhodes JM, Mason BS, Paulson TAW, Goosey-Tolfrey VL. A comparison of speed profiles during training and competition in elite wheelchair rugby players. Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2017;12(6):777\u2013782. doi:10.1123\/ijspp.2016-0218"},{"issue":"3","key":"r25","series-title":"Int J Sports Physiol Perform","first-page":"318","article-title":"Activity profiles of elite wheelchair rugby players during competition","volume":"10","author":"Rhodes JM","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rhodes JM, Mason BS, Perrat B, Smith MJ, Malone LA, Goosey-Tolfrey VL. Activity profiles of elite wheelchair rugby players during competition. Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2015;10(3):318\u2013324. doi:10.1123\/ijspp.2014-0203"},{"issue":"3","key":"r26","series-title":"Int J Sports Med","first-page":"177","article-title":"Thermoregulatory responses during competitive wheelchair rugby match play","volume":"38","author":"Griggs KE","year":"2017","unstructured":"Griggs KE, Havenith G, Price MJ, Mason BS, Goosey-Tolfrey VL. Thermoregulatory responses during competitive wheelchair rugby match play. Int J Sports Med. 2017;38(3):177\u2013183. doi:10.1055\/s-0042-121263"},{"issue":"2","key":"r27","series-title":"J Sports Sci","first-page":"193","article-title":"Tracking of wheelchair rugby players in the 2008 Demolition Derby trial","volume":"28","author":"Sarro KJ","year":"2010","unstructured":"Sarro KJ, Misuta MS, Burkett B, Malone LA, Barros RM. Tracking of wheelchair rugby players in the 2008 Demolition Derby trial. J Sports Sci. 2010;28(2):193\u2013200. doi:10.1080\/02640410903428541"},{"issue":"5","key":"r28","series-title":"Int J Sports Physiol Perform","first-page":"612","article-title":"Understanding the impact of trunk and arm impairments on wheelchair rugby performance during competition","volume":"14","author":"Mason BS","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mason BS, Altmann VC, Goosey-Tolfrey VL. Understanding the impact of trunk and arm impairments on wheelchair rugby performance during competition. Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2019;14(5):612\u2013619. doi:10.1123\/ijspp.2018-0204"},{"issue":"3","key":"r29","series-title":"Prosthet Orthot Int","first-page":"210","article-title":"Quantification of activity during wheelchair basketball and rugby at the National Veterans Wheelchair Games: a pilot study","volume":"33","author":"Sporner ML","year":"2009","unstructured":"Sporner ML, Grindle GG, Kelleher A, Teodorski EE, Cooper R, Cooper RA. Quantification of activity during wheelchair basketball and rugby at the National Veterans Wheelchair Games: a pilot study. Prosthet Orthot Int. 2009;33(3):210\u2013217. doi:10.1080\/03093640903051816"},{"issue":"21","key":"r30","series-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health","article-title":"Load-velocity relationship in bench press and effects of a strength-training program in wheelchair basketball players: a team study","volume":"18","author":"Romarate A","year":"2021","unstructured":"Romarate A, Iturricastillo A, Nakamura FY, et\u00a0al. Load-velocity relationship in bench press and effects of a strength-training program in wheelchair basketball players: a team study. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(21):11161. doi:10.3390\/ijerph182111161"},{"issue":"5","key":"r31","series-title":"Sports Biomech","first-page":"470","article-title":"Time-motion analysis of goalball players in attacks: differences of the player positions and the throwing techniques","volume":"18","author":"Monezi LA","year":"2019","unstructured":"Monezi LA, Magalh\u00e3es TP, Morato MP, Mercadante LA, Furtado O, Misuta MS. Time-motion analysis of goalball players in attacks: differences of the player positions and the throwing techniques. Sports Biomech. 2019;18(5):470\u2013481. doi:10.1080\/14763141.2018.1433871"},{"issue":"4","key":"r32","series-title":"Int J Sports Physiol Perform","first-page":"531","article-title":"Load\u2013velocity relationship in National Paralympic Powerlifters: a case study","volume":"14","author":"Loturco I","year":"2019","unstructured":"Loturco I, Pereira LA, Winckler C, Santos WL, Kobal R, McGuigan M. Load\u2013velocity relationship in National Paralympic Powerlifters: a case study. Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2019;14(4):531\u2013535. doi:10.1123\/ijspp.2018-0452"},{"issue":"11","key":"r33","series-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health","article-title":"Static and dynamic strength indicators in Paralympic power-lifters with and without spinal cord injury","volume":"18","author":"Teles LJL","year":"2021","unstructured":"Teles LJL, Aidar FJ, Matos DG, et\u00a0al. Static and dynamic strength indicators in Paralympic power-lifters with and without spinal cord injury. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(11):5907. doi:10.3390\/ijerph18115907"},{"issue":"10","key":"r34","series-title":"Medicina","article-title":"The influence of warm-up on body temperature and strength performance in Brazilian National-Level Paralympic Powerlifting athletes","volume":"56","author":"Resende MA","year":"2020","unstructured":"Resende MA, Vasconcelos Resende RB, Reis GC, et\u00a0al. The influence of warm-up on body temperature and strength performance in Brazilian National-Level Paralympic Powerlifting athletes. Medicina. 2020;56(10):538. doi:10.3390\/medicina56100538"},{"issue":"5","key":"r35","series-title":"J Sports Sci","first-page":"527","article-title":"Data logger device applicability for wheelchair tennis court movement","volume":"33","author":"Sindall P","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sindall P, Lenton J, Cooper R, Tolfrey K, Goosey-Tolfrey V. Data logger device applicability for wheelchair tennis court movement. J Sports Sci. 2015;33(5):527\u2013533. doi:10.1080\/02640414.2014.949829"},{"issue":"4","key":"r36","series-title":"J Spinal Cord Med","first-page":"383","article-title":"Criterion validity and accuracy of global positioning satellite and data logging devices for wheelchair tennis court movement","volume":"36","author":"Sindall P","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sindall P, Lenton JP, Whytock K, et\u00a0al. Criterion validity and accuracy of global positioning satellite and data logging devices for wheelchair tennis court movement. J Spinal Cord Med. 2013;36(4):383\u2013393. doi:10.1179\/2045772312Y.0000000068"},{"key":"r37","series-title":"J Sport Rehabil","first-page":"239","article-title":"Internal and external training workload quantification in 4 experienced Paracanoeing athletes","volume":"31","author":"Neto FR","year":"2022","unstructured":"Neto FR, Tibana RA, Dorneles JR, Costa RRG. Internal and external training workload quantification in 4 experienced Paracanoeing athletes. J Sport Rehabil. 2022;31:239\u2013245. doi:10.1123\/jsr.2020-0499"},{"issue":"3","key":"r38","series-title":"J Rehabil Med","first-page":"261","article-title":"Relationships between internal and external handcycle training load in people with spinal cord injury training for the handbikebattle","volume":"50","author":"De Groot S","year":"2018","unstructured":"De Groot S, Hoekstra SP, Grandjean Perrenod Comtesse P, Kouwijzer I, Valent LJ. Relationships between internal and external handcycle training load in people with spinal cord injury training for the handbikebattle. J Rehabil Med. 2018;50(3):261\u2013268. doi:10.2340\/16501977-2316"},{"issue":"3","key":"r39","series-title":"Adapt Phys Activ Q","article-title":"Swimming speed patterns and stroking variables in the Paralympic100-m freestyle","volume":"20","author":"Daly DJ","year":"2003","unstructured":"Daly DJ, Djobova SK, Malone LA, Vanlandewijck Y, Steadward RD. Swimming speed patterns and stroking variables in the Paralympic100-m freestyle. Adapt Phys Activ Q. 2003;20(3):260. doi:10.1123\/apaq.20.3.260"},{"issue":"53","key":"r40","series-title":"RICYDE","first-page":"268","article-title":"Freestyle stroke parameters of national level swimmers with physical impairments","volume":"14","author":"P\u00e9rez-Tejero J","year":"2017","unstructured":"P\u00e9rez-Tejero J, Almena A, Coter\u00f3n J, Navandar A, Veiga S. Freestyle stroke parameters of national level swimmers with physical impairments. RICYDE. 2017;14(53):268\u2013279. doi:10.5232\/ricyde2018.05307"},{"issue":"9","key":"r41","series-title":"J Strength Cond Res","first-page":"2611","article-title":"Validity of session-rate of perceived exertion to quantify training loads in Paralympic swimmers","volume":"35","author":"Sinnott-O\u2019Connor C","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sinnott-O\u2019Connor C, Comyns TM, Warrington GD. Validity of session-rate of perceived exertion to quantify training loads in Paralympic swimmers. J Strength Cond Res. 2021;35(9):2611\u20132615. doi:10.1519\/JSC.0000000000003181"},{"issue":"3","key":"r42","series-title":"J Strength Cond Res","first-page":"619","article-title":"Effectiveness of a dry-land resistance training program on strength, power, and swimming performance in Paralympic swimmers","volume":"29","author":"Dingley AA","year":"2015","unstructured":"Dingley AA, Pyne DB, Youngson J, Burkett B. Effectiveness of a dry-land resistance training program on strength, power, and swimming performance in Paralympic swimmers. J Strength Cond Res. 2015;29(3):619\u2013626. doi:10.1519\/JSC.0000000000000684"},{"issue":"5","key":"r43","series-title":"Int J Sports Physiol Perform","first-page":"697","article-title":"Using bar velocity to predict maximum dynamic strength in the half-squat exercise","volume":"11","author":"Loturco I","year":"2016","unstructured":"Loturco I, Pereira LA, Abad CCC, et\u00a0al. Using bar velocity to predict maximum dynamic strength in the half-squat exercise. Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2016;11(5):697\u2013700. doi:10.1123\/ijspp.2015-0316"},{"issue":"12","key":"r44","series-title":"J Sports Sci","first-page":"1099","article-title":"Movement velocity as a measure of exercise intensity in three lower limb exercises","volume":"34","author":"Concei\u00e7\u00e3o F","year":"2016","unstructured":"Concei\u00e7\u00e3o F, Fernandes J, Lewis M, Gonzal\u00e9z-Badillo JJ, Jimen\u00e9z-Reyes P. Movement velocity as a measure of exercise intensity in three lower limb exercises. J Sports Sci. 2016;34(12):1099\u20131106. doi:10.1080\/02640414.2015.1090010"},{"issue":"1","key":"r45","series-title":"BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil","article-title":"The impact of test loads on the accuracy of 1RM prediction using the load-velocity relationship","volume":"10","author":"Sayers MG","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sayers MG, Schlaeppi M, Hitz M, Lorenzetti S. The impact of test loads on the accuracy of 1RM prediction using the load-velocity relationship. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil. 2018;10(1):9. doi:10.1186\/s13102-018-0099-z"},{"issue":"5","key":"r46","series-title":"J Strength Cond Res","first-page":"1258","article-title":"Reliability and concurrent validity of seven commercially available devices for the assessment of movement velocity at different intensities during the bench press","volume":"33","author":"Perez-Castilla A","year":"2019","unstructured":"Perez-Castilla A, Piepoli A, Delgado-Garc\u00eda G, Garrido-Blanca G, Garc\u00eda-Ramos A. Reliability and concurrent validity of seven commercially available devices for the assessment of movement velocity at different intensities during the bench press. J Strength Cond Res. 2019;33(5):1258\u20131265. doi:10.1519\/JSC.0000000000003118"},{"issue":"1","key":"r47","series-title":"Recent Innov Mechatron","article-title":"Application of OptiTrack motion capture systems in human movement analysis: a systematic literature review","volume":"5","author":"Nagym\u00e1t\u00e9 G","year":"2018","unstructured":"Nagym\u00e1t\u00e9 G, Kiss RM. Application of OptiTrack motion capture systems in human movement analysis: a systematic literature review. Recent Innov Mechatron. 2018;5(1):13. doi:10.17667\/riim.2018.1\/13"},{"issue":"2","key":"r48","series-title":"Proc Inst Mech Eng P J Sport Eng Technol","first-page":"81","article-title":"Quality assessment of an ultra-wide band positioning system for indoor wheelchair court sports","volume":"229","author":"Perrat B","year":"2015","unstructured":"Perrat B, Smith MJ, Mason BS, Rhodes JM, Goosey-Tolfrey VL. Quality assessment of an ultra-wide band positioning system for indoor wheelchair court sports. Proc Inst Mech Eng P J Sport Eng Technol. 2015;229(2):81\u201391. doi:10.1177\/1754337115581111"},{"issue":"17","key":"r49","series-title":"J Sports Sci","first-page":"1639","article-title":"The validity and reliability of a novel indoor player tracking system for use within wheelchair court sports","volume":"32","author":"Rhodes J","year":"2014","unstructured":"Rhodes J, Mason B, Perrat B, Smith M, Goosey-Tolfrey V. The validity and reliability of a novel indoor player tracking system for use within wheelchair court sports. J Sports Sci. 2014;32(17):1639\u20131647. doi:10.1080\/02640414.2014.910608"},{"issue":"2","key":"r50","series-title":"Eur J Sport Sci","first-page":"189","article-title":"Load and performance monitoring in wheelchair court sports: a narrative review of the use of technology and practical recommendations","volume":"23","author":"Van der Slikke RM","year":"2022","unstructured":"Van der Slikke RM, Sindall P, Goosey-Tolfrey VL, Mason BS. Load and performance monitoring in wheelchair court sports: a narrative review of the use of technology and practical recommendations. Eur J Sport Sci. 2022;23(2):189\u2013200. doi:10.1080\/17461391.2021.2025267"},{"issue":"2","key":"r51","series-title":"Comput Vis Image","first-page":"122","article-title":"Tracking soccer players aiming their kinematical motion analysis","volume":"101","author":"Figueroa PJ","year":"2006","unstructured":"Figueroa PJ, Leite NJ, Barros RML. Tracking soccer players aiming their kinematical motion analysis. Comput Vis Image. 2006;101(2):122\u2013135. doi:10.1016\/j.cviu.2005.07.006"},{"issue":"2","key":"r52","series-title":"J Sports Sci Med","first-page":"233","article-title":"Analysis of the distances covered by first division Brazilian soccer players obtained with an automatic tracking method","volume":"6","author":"Barros RM","year":"2007","unstructured":"Barros RM, Misuta MS, Menezes RP, et\u00a0al. Analysis of the distances covered by first division Brazilian soccer players obtained with an automatic tracking method. J Sports Sci Med. 2007;6(2):233\u2013242. PubMed ID: 24149334"},{"issue":"2","key":"r53","series-title":"J Sports Sci","first-page":"159","article-title":"A new procedure for race analysis in swimming based on individual distance measurements","volume":"31","author":"Veiga S","year":"2013","unstructured":"Veiga S, Cala A, Mallo J, Navarro E. A new procedure for race analysis in swimming based on individual distance measurements. J Sports Sci. 2013;31(2):159\u2013165. doi:10.1080\/02640414.2012.723130"},{"issue":"2","key":"r54","series-title":"J Strength Cond Res","first-page":"473","article-title":"The difference is in the start: impact of timing and start procedure on sprint running performance","volume":"26","author":"Haugen TA","year":"2012","unstructured":"Haugen TA, T\u00f8nnessen E, Seiler SK. The difference is in the start: impact of timing and start procedure on sprint running performance. J Strength Cond Res. 2012;26(2):473\u2013479. doi:10.1519\/JSC.0b013e318226030b"},{"key":"r55","series-title":"Movimento","article-title":"Mapeamento geogr\u00e1fico de atletas paral\u00edmpicos brasileiros","volume":"25","author":"Silva A","year":"2022","unstructured":"Silva A, Narciso F, Stieler E, et\u00a0al. Mapeamento geogr\u00e1fico de atletas paral\u00edmpicos brasileiros. Movimento. 2022;25:691. doi:10.22456\/1982-8918.88691"},{"key":"r56","article-title":"History of Para Athletics","author":"Athletics WP","year":"2023","unstructured":"Athletics WP. History of Para Athletics. 2023. https:\/\/www.paralympic.org\/athletics\/about. Accessed January 26, 2023."}],"container-title":["Journal of Sport Rehabilitation"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.humankinetics.com\/view\/journals\/jsr\/32\/6\/article-p635.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.humankinetics.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/jsr\/32\/6\/article-p635.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.humankinetics.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/jsr\/32\/6\/article-p635.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,25]],"date-time":"2023-07-25T22:27:37Z","timestamp":1690324057000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.humankinetics.com\/view\/journals\/jsr\/32\/6\/article-p635.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1123\/jsr.2022-0110","relation":{},"ISSN":["1056-6716","1543-3072"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1056-6716","type":"print"},{"value":"1543-3072","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]]}}}