{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T02:45:49Z","timestamp":1787021149066,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Human Kinetics","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]]},"abstract":"Context<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> The assessment of strength is one of the most usual practices among professionals involved in health care or sport. Quadriceps and hamstrings are the most commonly assessed muscle groups. Generally, the methods used to assess muscle strength are active and, therefore, alternative passive methods could be useful. Myoton provides measures on 3 mechanical properties of the muscle: tone, elasticity, and stiffness. Objective<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> This study aimed to analyze the association of Myoton, an easy-to-use tool not requiring voluntary stimulus from the subject, with strength values in quadriceps and hamstrings. Study Design<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> Experimental. Setting<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> University kinesiology laboratory. Participants<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> Thirty-eight recreational athletes were evaluated. Main Outcome Measures<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> Anthropometric and demographic data, Myoton-based measures of vastus lateralis, rectus femoris, vastus medialis, biceps femoris, and semitendinosus, and the maximum voluntary isometric contraction of quadriceps and hamstrings. Procedures<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> The association was examined using multiple regression models to estimate strength through Myoton-based parameters and different patient characteristics. The models encompassed either 2 or 3 independent variables. Results<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> The adjusted R<\/jats:italic>2<\/jats:sup> values for predicting quadriceps strength were .666 for rectus femoris, .726 for vastus lateralis, and .667 for vastus medialis, while in regard to hamstrings, they were .617 for biceps femoris and .604 for semitendinosus. Conclusions<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> The main finding was that acceptable relationships were found between muscle strength and Myoton-based parameters when variables such as gender and\/or age are considered. Our study reveals a new tool for estimating strength with outstanding advantages: it is easy, time-efficient, adaptable, and highly manageable through the feasible equations provided.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1123\/jsr.2022-0437","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,14]],"date-time":"2023-06-14T13:27:31Z","timestamp":1686749251000},"page":"827-833","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Estimating Quadriceps and Hamstrings Strength Through Myoton Among Recreational Athletes"],"prefix":"10.1123","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0256-331X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mariano","family":"Gacto-S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8652-3600","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Francesc","family":"Medina-Mirapeix","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5118-0668","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Josep C.","family":"Ben\u00edtez-Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1581-3621","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Joaquina","family":"Montilla-Herrador","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3513-4458","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ana","family":"Palanca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, University Hospital of Valencia, Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8201-0189","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Rodrigo Mart\u00edn-San","family":"Agust\u00edn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"100","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"r1","series-title":"Scand J Med Sci Sports","first-page":"493","article-title":"Clinical assessment of hip strength using a hand-held dynamometer is reliable","volume":"20","author":"Thorborg K","year":"2010","unstructured":"Thorborg K, Petersen J, Magnusson SP, H\u00f6lmich P. Clinical assessment of hip strength using a hand-held dynamometer is reliable. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2010;20(3):493\u2013501. PubMed ID: 19558384 doi:10.1111\/j.1600-0838.2009.00958.x"},{"issue":"4","key":"r2","series-title":"Scand J Med Sci Sports","first-page":"462","article-title":"Acute fatigue-induced changes in muscle mechanical properties and neuromuscular activity in elite handball players following a handball match","volume":"18","author":"Thorlund JB","year":"2008","unstructured":"Thorlund JB, Michalsik LB, Madsen K, Aagaard P. Acute fatigue-induced changes in muscle mechanical properties and neuromuscular activity in elite handball players following a handball match. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2008;18(4):462\u2013472. PubMed ID: 18028284 doi:10.1111\/j.1600-0838.2007.00710.x"},{"issue":"2","key":"r3","series-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther","first-page":"81","article-title":"Risk factors for patellofemoral pain syndrome: a systematic review","volume":"42","author":"Lankhorst NE","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lankhorst NE, Bierma-Zeinstra SMA, van Middelkoop M. Risk factors for patellofemoral pain syndrome: a systematic review. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2012;42(2):81\u201394. PubMed ID: 22031622 doi:10.2519\/jospt.2012.3803"},{"issue":"1","key":"r4","series-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord","article-title":"Quadriceps muscle strength, radiographic knee osteoarthritis and knee pain: the ROAD study","volume":"16","author":"Muraki S","year":"2015","unstructured":"Muraki S, Akune T, Teraguchi M, et\u00a0al. Quadriceps muscle strength, radiographic knee osteoarthritis and knee pain: the ROAD study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2015;16(1):305. PubMed ID: 26474770 doi:10.1186\/s12891-015-0737-5"},{"issue":"11","key":"r5","series-title":"Appl Physiol Nutr Metab","first-page":"1185","article-title":"Age and sex-related decline of muscle strength across the adult lifespan: a scoping review of aggregated data","volume":"45","author":"Haynes EMK","year":"2020","unstructured":"Haynes EMK, Neubauer NA, Cornett KMD, O\u2019Connor BP, Jones GR, Jakobi JM. Age and sex-related decline of muscle strength across the adult lifespan: a scoping review of aggregated data. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2020;45(11):1185\u20131196. PubMed ID: 32598857 doi:10.1139\/apnm-2020-0081"},{"issue":"5","key":"r6","series-title":"PM R","first-page":"472","article-title":"Hand-held dynamometry correlation with the gold standard isokinetic dynamometry: a systematic review","volume":"3","author":"Stark T","year":"2011","unstructured":"Stark T, Walker B, Phillips JK, Fejer R, Beck R. Hand-held dynamometry correlation with the gold standard isokinetic dynamometry: a systematic review. PM R. 2011;3(5):472\u2013479. PubMed ID: 21570036 doi:10.1016\/j.pmrj.2010.10.025"},{"issue":"4","key":"r7","series-title":"Exp Physiol","first-page":"448","article-title":"The influence of patellar tendon and muscle-tendon unit stiffness on quadriceps explosive strength in man","volume":"102","author":"Massey GJ","year":"2017","unstructured":"Massey GJ, Balshaw TG, Maden-Wilkinson TM, Tillin NA, Folland JP. The influence of patellar tendon and muscle-tendon unit stiffness on quadriceps explosive strength in man. Exp Physiol. 2017;102(4):448\u2013461. PubMed ID: 28205264 doi:10.1113\/EP086190"},{"issue":"3","key":"r8","series-title":"SJWEH Suppl","first-page":"76","article-title":"Trapezius muscle tone and viscoelastic properties in sitting and supine positions","volume":"3","author":"Viir R","year":"2007","unstructured":"Viir R, Virkus A, Laiho K, Rajaleid K, Selart A, Mikkelsson M. Trapezius muscle tone and viscoelastic properties in sitting and supine positions. SJWEH Suppl. 2007;3(3):76\u201380."},{"issue":"3","key":"r9","series-title":"J Sport Rehabil","first-page":"243","article-title":"Hip abductor weakness and lower extremity kinematics during running","volume":"17","author":"Heinert BL","year":"2008","unstructured":"Heinert BL, Kernozek TW, Greany JF, Fater DC. Hip abductor weakness and lower extremity kinematics during running. J Sport Rehabil. 2008;17(3):243\u2013256. PubMed ID: 18708678 doi:10.1123\/jsr.17.3.243"},{"issue":"2","key":"r10","series-title":"Arch Gerontol Geriatr","first-page":"e31","article-title":"Quadriceps muscle tone, elasticity and stiffness in older males: reliability and symmetry using the MyotonPRO","volume":"55","author":"Aird L","year":"2012","unstructured":"Aird L, Samuel D, Stokes M. Quadriceps muscle tone, elasticity and stiffness in older males: reliability and symmetry using the MyotonPRO. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2012;55(2):e31\u2013e39. PubMed ID: 22503549 doi:10.1016\/j.archger.2012.03.005"},{"issue":"6","key":"r11","series-title":"Physiol Meas","first-page":"625","article-title":"Evaluation of viscoelastic parameters of the skeletal muscles in junior triathletes","volume":"28","author":"Gavronski G","year":"2007","unstructured":"Gavronski G, Veraksits A, Vasar E, Maaroos J. Evaluation of viscoelastic parameters of the skeletal muscles in junior triathletes. Physiol Meas. 2007;28(6):625\u2013637. PubMed ID: 17664617 doi:10.1088\/0967-3334\/28\/6\/002"},{"issue":"9","key":"r12","series-title":"Sensors","article-title":"Objective assessment of regional stiffness in Vastus Lateralis with different measurement methods: a reliability study","volume":"21","author":"Bravo-S\u00e1nchez A","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bravo-S\u00e1nchez A, Abi\u00e1n P, S\u00e1nchez-Infante J, Esteban-Gac\u00eda P, Jim\u00e9nez F, Abi\u00e1n-Vic\u00e9n J. Objective assessment of regional stiffness in Vastus Lateralis with different measurement methods: a reliability study. Sensors. 2021;21(9):3213. PubMed ID: 34066343 doi:10.3390\/s21093213"},{"issue":"1","key":"r13","series-title":"Working Papers in Health Sciences","first-page":"1","article-title":"Testing muscle tone and mechanical properties of rectus femoris and biceps femoris using a novel hand held MyotonPRO device: relative ratios and reliability","volume":"1","author":"Mullix J","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mullix J, Warner M, Stokes M. Testing muscle tone and mechanical properties of rectus femoris and biceps femoris using a novel hand held MyotonPRO device: relative ratios and reliability. Working Papers in Health Sciences. 2012;1(1):1\u20138."},{"key":"r14","series-title":"J Hum Kinet","first-page":"5","article-title":"Inter-limb muscle property differences in junior tennis players","volume":"82","author":"Colomar J","year":"2022","unstructured":"Colomar J, Corbi F, Baiget E. Inter-limb muscle property differences in junior tennis players. J Hum Kinet. 2022;82:5\u201315. PubMed ID: 36196339 doi:10.2478\/hukin-2022-0026"},{"key":"r15","series-title":"Acta Kinesiol Univ Tartu","first-page":"48","article-title":"Acute effect of static and dynamic stretching on tone and elasticity of hamstring muscles and on vertical jump performance in track-and-field athletes","volume":"20","author":"Meerits T","year":"2014","unstructured":"Meerits T, Bacchieri S, P\u00e4\u00e4suke M, Ereline J, Cicchella A, Gapeyeva H. Acute effect of static and dynamic stretching on tone and elasticity of hamstring muscles and on vertical jump performance in track-and-field athletes. Acta Kinesiol Univ Tartu. 2014;20:48\u201359. doi:10.12697\/akut.2014.20.05"},{"issue":"4","key":"r16","series-title":"Meas Phys Educ Exerc Sci","first-page":"303","article-title":"Validity, reliability, and sensitivity to change of DiCI for the strength measurement of knee and hip muscles","volume":"24","author":"Mart\u00edn-San Agust\u00edn R","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mart\u00edn-San Agust\u00edn R, Ben\u00edtez-Mart\u00ednez JC, Castillo-Ballesta L, Gacto-S\u00e1nchez M, Medina-Mirapeix F. Validity, reliability, and sensitivity to change of DiCI for the strength measurement of knee and hip muscles. Meas Phys Educ Exerc Sci. 2020;24(4):303\u2013311. doi:10.1080\/1091367X.2020.1822363"},{"issue":"9","key":"r17","series-title":"J Athl Train","first-page":"809","article-title":"Reliability and validity of the belt-stabilized handheld dynamometer in hip- and knee-strength tests","volume":"52","author":"Martins J","year":"2017","unstructured":"Martins J, da Silva JR, da Silva MRB, Bevilaqua-Grossi D. Reliability and validity of the belt-stabilized handheld dynamometer in hip- and knee-strength tests. J Athl Train. 2017;52(9):809\u2013819. PubMed ID: 28787180 doi:10.4085\/1062-6050-52.6.04"},{"issue":"10","key":"r18","series-title":"PLoS One","article-title":"Assessment of lower limb muscle strength and power using hand-held and fixed dynamometry: a reliability and validity study","volume":"10","author":"Mentiplay BF","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mentiplay BF, Perraton LG, Bower KJ, et\u00a0al. Assessment of lower limb muscle strength and power using hand-held and fixed dynamometry: a reliability and validity study. PLoS One. 2015;10(10):e0140822. doi:10.1371\/journal.pone.0140822"},{"issue":"9","key":"r19","series-title":"J Phys Ther Sci","first-page":"2445","article-title":"Comparative assessment of knee extensor and flexor muscle strength measured using a hand-held vs. isokinetic dynamometer","volume":"28","author":"Muff G","year":"2016","unstructured":"Muff G, Dufour S, Meyer A, et\u00a0al. Comparative assessment of knee extensor and flexor muscle strength measured using a hand-held vs. isokinetic dynamometer. J Phys Ther Sci. 2016;28(9):2445\u20132451. PubMed ID: 27799667 doi:10.1589\/jpts.28.2445"},{"key":"r20","series-title":"J Magn Reson Imaging","article-title":"The relationship between quadriceps femoris muscle function and MRI-derived water diffusion and adipose tissue measurements in young healthy males","author":"Yamauchi K","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yamauchi K, Someya K, Kato C, Kato T. The relationship between quadriceps femoris muscle function and MRI-derived water diffusion and adipose tissue measurements in young healthy males. J Magn Reson Imaging. Published online 2022. https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jmri.28525"},{"issue":"1","key":"r21","series-title":"Med Decis Mak Int J Soc Med Decis Mak","first-page":"45","article-title":"Prognostic modeling with logistic regression analysis: in search of a sensible strategy in small data sets","volume":"21","author":"Steyerberg EW","year":"2001","unstructured":"Steyerberg EW, Eijkemans MJ, Harrell FE, Habbema JD. Prognostic modeling with logistic regression analysis: in search of a sensible strategy in small data sets. Med Decis Mak Int J Soc Med Decis Mak. 2001;21(1):45\u201356. doi:10.1177\/0272989X0102100106"},{"issue":"1","key":"r22","series-title":"Isokinet Exerc Sci","first-page":"31","article-title":"Concurrent and predictive validity of isokinetic dynamometry and tensiomyography in differently trained women and men","volume":"27","author":"Toski\u0107 L","year":"2019","unstructured":"Toski\u0107 L, Dopsaj M, Stankovi\u0107 V, Markovi\u0107 M. Concurrent and predictive validity of isokinetic dynamometry and tensiomyography in differently trained women and men. Isokinet Exerc Sci. 2019;27(1):31\u201339. doi:10.3233\/IES-185152"},{"issue":"3","key":"r23","series-title":"Isokinet Exerc Sci","first-page":"229","article-title":"Differences in muscle strength depend on age, gender and muscle functions","volume":"20","author":"Skrzek A","year":"2012","unstructured":"Skrzek A, Ignasiak Z, Kozie\u0142 S, S\u0142awi\u0144ska T, Ro\u017cek K. Differences in muscle strength depend on age, gender and muscle functions. Isokinet Exerc Sci. 2012;20(3):229\u2013235. doi:10.3233\/IES-2012-0464"},{"issue":"5","key":"r24","series-title":"Nurs Res","first-page":"302","article-title":"The effects of time pressure and experience on nurses\u2019 risk assessment decisions: a signal detection analysis","volume":"57","author":"Thompson C","year":"2008","unstructured":"Thompson C, Dalgleish L, Bucknall T, et\u00a0al. The effects of time pressure and experience on nurses\u2019 risk assessment decisions: a signal detection analysis. Nurs Res. 2008;57(5):302\u2013311. PubMed ID: 18794714 doi:10.1097\/01.NNR.0000313504.37970.f9"},{"issue":"1","key":"r25","series-title":"BMC Fam Pract","article-title":"Perceptions of time constraints among primary care physicians in Germany","volume":"20","author":"von dem Knesebeck O","year":"2019","unstructured":"von dem Knesebeck O, Koens S, Marx G, Scherer M. Perceptions of time constraints among primary care physicians in Germany. BMC Fam Pract. 2019;20(1):142. PubMed ID: 31640573 doi:10.1186\/s12875-019-1033-5"},{"issue":"3","key":"r26","series-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther","first-page":"124","article-title":"Burnout in orthopaedic physical therapists","volume":"26","author":"Wandling BJ","year":"1997","unstructured":"Wandling BJ, Smith BS. Burnout in orthopaedic physical therapists. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 1997;26(3):124\u2013130. PubMed ID: 9276852 doi:10.2519\/jospt.1997.26.3.124"},{"issue":"6","key":"r27","series-title":"J Clin Epidemiol","first-page":"627","article-title":"The number of subjects per variable required in linear regression analyses","volume":"68","author":"Austin PC","year":"2015","unstructured":"Austin PC, Steyerberg EW. The number of subjects per variable required in linear regression analyses. J Clin Epidemiol. 2015;68(6):627\u2013636. PubMed ID: 25704724 doi:10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2014.12.014"}],"container-title":["Journal of Sport Rehabilitation"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.humankinetics.com\/view\/journals\/jsr\/32\/7\/article-p827.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.humankinetics.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/jsr\/32\/7\/article-p827.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.humankinetics.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/jsr\/32\/7\/article-p827.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,22]],"date-time":"2023-08-22T15:20:22Z","timestamp":1692717622000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.humankinetics.com\/view\/journals\/jsr\/32\/7\/article-p827.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1123\/jsr.2022-0437","relation":{},"ISSN":["1056-6716","1543-3072"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1056-6716","type":"print"},{"value":"1543-3072","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]]}}}