{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,2]],"date-time":"2025-08-02T16:30:27Z","timestamp":1754152227867,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Human Kinetics","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic><jats:bold>Context<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> Shoulder impingement syndrome (SIS) is the most common shoulder injury among overhead athletes. The Constant score (CS) is a combined scoring system to evaluate functional status of the shoulder in patients with shoulder pain. <jats:italic><jats:bold>Design<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> Cross-sectional\u00a0study. <jats:italic><jats:bold>Methods<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> Cultural adaptation of the Persian version of CS was conducted using Beaton\u2019s guideline. Sixty-three overhead athletes (23.57 [7.50] y old) with SIS completed the final version for psychometric assessment. After 5 to 7 days, a group of 33 patients completed the Persian CS again to assess test\u2014retest reliability. Internal consistency, floor\/ceiling effects, and item-total correlation were evaluated in patients with SIS. Concurrent validity was assessed through comparison with the disability of the arm, shoulder, and hand questionnaire scores. Twenty-five healthy athletes (31.80 [7.32] y old) participated for determining discriminant validity. <jats:italic><jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> The Persian CS demonstrated good test\u2013retest reliability, with subjective and objective intraclass correlation coefficients of .79 and .80, respectively. The internal consistency was satisfactory (Cronbach alpha = .74). No ceiling or floor effects were noted. The Pearson correlation coefficient between CS and disability questionnaire was \u2212.68. The mean total score for patients was 67.02, while for the healthy group was 96.99 (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = .000). The standard error of measurement was 1.51 for patients and 0.7 for healthy group. The smallest detectable change was 16.95 for patients and 5.71 for healthy group. <jats:italic><jats:bold>Conclusion<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> The translation and cross-cultural adaptation of CS into Persian were successful. The Persian version demonstrates sufficient reliability and validity to evaluate shoulder function in overhead athletes with SIS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1123\/jsr.2024-0051","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,31]],"date-time":"2025-01-31T14:32:57Z","timestamp":1738333977000},"page":"644-650","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Persian Version of the Modified Constant Score in Overhead Athletes: A Reliability and Validation Study"],"prefix":"10.1123","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-6472-3076","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Fariba","family":"Jafari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Physical Therapy Department, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran"},{"name":"Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0058-9225","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Leila","family":"Abbasi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physical Therapy Department, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran"},{"name":"Orthopedic & Rehabilitation Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6610-2670","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alireza","family":"Motealleh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physical Therapy Department, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran"},{"name":"Orthopedic & Rehabilitation Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"100","reference":[{"key":"r1","series-title":"Class Papers Orthop","first-page":"299","article-title":"Classic papers in upper limb surgery: introduction","volume":"10","author":"Charalambous CP","year":"2014","unstructured":"Charalambous CP, Eastwood S. 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