{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T08:59:35Z","timestamp":1769158775726,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Human Kinetics","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]]},"abstract":"\n \n Objective<\/jats:bold>\n <\/jats:italic>\n : Confirm the validity of low-cost home pulse oximetry (POx) for determining arterial occlusion pressure (AOP) and compare blood flow (BF) responses to externally applied pressures.\n \n Design<\/jats:bold>\n <\/jats:italic>\n : Cross-sectional study.\n \n Methods<\/jats:bold>\n <\/jats:italic>\n : Forty-two subjects were recruited. AOP was registered with POx and a high-resolution Doppler ultrasound. Peak (anterograde peak blood flow velocity and retrograde peak blood flow velocity) and mean blood velocity and BF were assessed in 5 different externally applied pressures: 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 90% of AOP in upper and lower limbs.\n \n Results<\/jats:bold>\n <\/jats:italic>\n : Significant differences between POx and Doppler ultrasound were found (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u2009.001) in upper and lower limbs. In addition, the ability to identify AOP with POx was poor in both limbs (receiver operating characteristic curve: 0.644 and 0.477 in the upper and lower limbs, respectively). Moreover, BF in the upper limb decreased significantly in all conditions except 0% AOP (nonrestriction;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u2009.012); however, in the lower limb, BF decreased only in the 90% and 75% AOP condition (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009.010) compared with 0% AOP condition (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u2009.001). Thus, BF decreases in a nonlinear manner under relative externally applied pressures. Mean blood velocity decreased significantly in all conditions compared with 0% AOP (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u2009.05) in the upper limb, but in the lower limb, mean blood velocity was higher in the 90% AOP condition than in the 25% AOP condition (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009.008).\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:bold>\n <\/jats:italic>\n : The results suggest that a low-cost home POx is not a useful device for estimating AOP. Furthermore, BF does not decrease linearly with the application of relative external pressure in the upper and lower limbs.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1123\/jsr.2024-0241","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,5]],"date-time":"2025-06-05T15:04:15Z","timestamp":1749135855000},"page":"124-130","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Is a Low-Cost Home Pulse Oximeter Helpful in Blood Flow Restriction Training?"],"prefix":"10.1123","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3811-7207","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Salvador","family":"Santiago-Pescador","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"\u201ci+HeALTH\u201d Strategic Research Group, Miguel de Cervantes European University, Valladolid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7840-1061","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Juan","family":"Mart\u00edn-Hern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u201ci+HeALTH\u201d Strategic Research Group, Miguel de Cervantes European University, Valladolid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8179-9253","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Pinto-Fraga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u201ci+HeALTH\u201d Strategic Research Group, Miguel de Cervantes European University, Valladolid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9758-8239","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Susana","family":"L\u00f3pez-Ortiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u201ci+HeALTH\u201d Strategic Research Group, Miguel de Cervantes European University, Valladolid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3515-4379","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Carlos","family":"Baladr\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Cl\u00ednico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3025-2060","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alejandro","family":"Luc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Research Institute of the Hospital 12 de Octubre (\u2018imas12\u2019), Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2309-3583","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alejandro","family":"Santos-Lozano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u201ci+HeALTH\u201d Strategic Research Group, Miguel de Cervantes European University, Valladolid, Spain"},{"name":"Research Institute of the Hospital 12 de Octubre (\u2018imas12\u2019), Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"100","reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"r1","series-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1849","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-011-2167-x","article-title":"Low intensity blood flow restriction training: a meta-analysis","volume":"112","author":"Loenneke JP","year":"2012","unstructured":"Loenneke JP, Wilson JM, Mar\u00edn PJ, Zourdos MC, Bemben MG. 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