{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T04:48:55Z","timestamp":1791607735362,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Human Kinetics","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]]},"abstract":"\n \n Context<\/jats:bold>\n :\n <\/jats:italic>\n Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) is a known risk factor for knee osteoarthritis (OA). Since no disease-modifying treatments for OA exist, it is critical to understand joint responses to physical activity following an ACLR. Understanding knee cartilage deformation through ultrasound may provide a better understanding of how knee cartilage responds to running, and how this may contribute to OA pathophysiology and risk.\n \n Objective<\/jats:bold>\n :\n <\/jats:italic>\n To compare medial femoral cartilage deformation, outcomes, and forces during running in females with and without a unilateral ACLR knee.\n \n Design<\/jats:bold>\n :\n <\/jats:italic>\n Cross-sectional laboratory study.\n \n Methods<\/jats:bold>\n :\n <\/jats:italic>\n Sixteen females (8 ACLR history, 8 controls) participated. ACLR participants had an average age of 20.75 (1.83)\u00a0years, height of 165.07 (7.43)\u00a0cm, mass of 65.97 (8.55)\u00a0kg, and were 36.13 (18.74)\u00a0months postsurgery; controls had an average age of 20.62 (1.84)\u00a0years, height of 166.00 (5.76)\u00a0cm, and mass of 63.18 (4.94)\u00a0kg. Independent variables were group and limb, with dependent variables including patient reported outcomes Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), medial femoral cartilage thickness changes, and indirect measures of stance-averaged vertical ground reaction forces and vertical rate of loading normalized to body weight during treadmill running. Data were analyzed using nonparametric statistics with significance defined as\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009\u2264\u2009.05.\n \n Results<\/jats:bold>\n :\n <\/jats:italic>\n All participants exhibited cartilage thickness reduction after 30\u00a0minutes of running (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u2009.001), with no significant group or limb differences in cartilage deformation, vertical ground reaction forces, or vertical rate of loading. ACLR participants reported significantly poorer patient reported outcome scores across all KOOS subscales. Moderate negative correlations were found between involved cartilage percent change and KOOS Symptoms (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009.025) and Sport\/Rec (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009.043).\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:bold>\n :\n <\/jats:italic>\n Cartilage thickness significantly decreased in all participants after running, with no group or limb differences observed despite lower patient-reported outcomes in the ACLR group. Exploring the relationship between KOOS scores and cartilage response to activity may inform future research and strategies to mitigate OA risk.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1123\/jsr.2024-0353","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,14]],"date-time":"2025-02-14T13:04:12Z","timestamp":1739538252000},"page":"805-812","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Cartilage Deformation, Outcomes, and Running Force Comparisons in Females With and Without Knee Injuries"],"prefix":"10.1123","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6738-7543","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Nicole M.","family":"Cattano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"West Chester University of Pennsylvania, West Chester, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danielle","family":"Magee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Upper Bucks Orthopedics, Sellersville, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6934-1271","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kenneth P.","family":"Clark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"West Chester University of Pennsylvania, West Chester, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Synergy Orthopedics LLC, Plymouth Meeting, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"100","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"r1","series-title":"J Athl Train","first-page":"311","article-title":"Epidemiology of collegiate injuries for 15 sports: summary and recommendations for injury prevention initiatives","volume":"42","author":"Hootman JM","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hootman JM, Dick R, Agel J. Epidemiology of collegiate injuries for 15 sports: summary and recommendations for injury prevention initiatives. J Athl Train. 2007;42(2):311\u2013319. PubMed ID: 17710181"},{"issue":"6","key":"r2","series-title":"Clin J Sport Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1097\/JSM.0000000000000290","article-title":"Collegiate ACL injury rates across 15 sports: national collegiate athletic association injury surveillance system data update (2004\u20132005 through 2012\u20132013)","volume":"26","author":"Agel J","year":"2016","unstructured":"Agel J, Rockwood T, Klossner D. Collegiate ACL injury rates across 15 sports: national collegiate athletic association injury surveillance system data update (2004\u20132005 through 2012\u20132013). Clin J Sport Med. 2016;26(6):518\u2013523. doi:10.1097\/JSM.0000000000000290"},{"issue":"3","key":"r3","series-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e318277acca","article-title":"Epidemiology of knee injuries among U.S. high school athletes, 2005\/2006\u20132010\/2011","volume":"45","author":"Swenson DM","year":"2013","unstructured":"Swenson DM, Collins CL, Best TM, Flanigan DC, Fields SK, Comstock RD. Epidemiology of knee injuries among U.S. high school athletes, 2005\/2006\u20132010\/2011. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2013;45(3):462\u2013469. doi:10.1249\/MSS.0b013e318277acca"},{"issue":"21","key":"r4","series-title":"Br J Sports Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1543","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2013-093398","article-title":"Fifty-five per cent return to competitive sport following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction surgery: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis including aspects of physical functioning and contextual factors","volume":"48","author":"Ardern CL","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ardern CL, Taylor NF, Feller JA, Webster KE. Fifty-five per cent return to competitive sport following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction surgery: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis including aspects of physical functioning and contextual factors. Br J Sports Med. 2014;48(21):1543\u20131552. doi:10.1136\/bjsports-2013-093398"},{"issue":"8","key":"r5","series-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2013.4796","article-title":"Are joint injury, sport activity, physical activity, obesity, or occupational activities predictors for osteoarthritis? A systematic review","volume":"43","author":"Richmond SA","year":"2013","unstructured":"Richmond SA, Fukuchi RK, Ezzat A, Schneider K, Schneider G, Emery CA. Are joint injury, sport activity, physical activity, obesity, or occupational activities predictors for osteoarthritis? A systematic review. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2013;43(8):515\u2013519. doi:10.2519\/jospt.2013.4796"},{"issue":"8","key":"r6","series-title":"Ann Rheum Dis","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.59.8.641","article-title":"Early radiographic features in patients with anterior cruciate ligament rupture","volume":"59","author":"Buckland-Wright J","year":"2000","unstructured":"Buckland-Wright J, Lynch J, Dave B. Early radiographic features in patients with anterior cruciate ligament rupture. Ann Rheum Dis. 2000;59(8):641\u2013646. doi:10.1136\/ard.59.8.641"},{"issue":"147","key":"r7","series-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res","first-page":"29","article-title":"The natural history and diagnosis of anterior cruciate ligament insufficiency","volume":"10","author":"Fetto JF","year":"1980","unstructured":"Fetto JF, Marshall JL. The natural history and diagnosis of anterior cruciate ligament insufficiency. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1980;10(147):29\u201338. PubMed ID: 7371311"},{"issue":"10","key":"r8","series-title":"Arthritis Rheum","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3145","DOI":"10.1002\/art.20589","article-title":"High prevalence of knee osteoarthritis, pain, and functional limitations in female soccer players twelve years after anterior cruciate ligament injury","volume":"50","author":"Lohmander LS","year":"2004","unstructured":"Lohmander LS, Ostenberg A, Englund M, Roos H. High prevalence of knee osteoarthritis, pain, and functional limitations in female soccer players twelve years after anterior cruciate ligament injury. Arthritis Rheum. 2004;50(10):3145\u20133152. doi:10.1002\/art.20589"},{"issue":"6","key":"r9","series-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage","first-page":"907","article-title":"Ultrasonographic assessment of medial femoral cartilage deformation acutely following walking and running","volume":"25","author":"Harkey MS","year":"2017","unstructured":"Harkey MS, Blackburn JT, Davis H, Sierra-Ar\u00e9valo L, Nissman D, Pietrosimone B. Ultrasonographic assessment of medial femoral cartilage deformation acutely following walking and running. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2017;25(6):907\u2013913. doi:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.joca.2016.12.026"},{"issue":"2","key":"r10","series-title":"Ann Rheum Dis","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2004.022400","article-title":"In vivo cartilage deformation after different types of activity and its dependence on physical training status","volume":"64","author":"Eckstein F","year":"2005","unstructured":"Eckstein F, Lemberger B, Gratzke C, et\u00a0al. In vivo cartilage deformation after different types of activity and its dependence on physical training status. Ann Rheum Dis. 2005;64(2):291\u2013295. doi:10.1136\/ard.2004.022400"},{"issue":"6","key":"r11","series-title":"J Athl Train","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-51.5.09","article-title":"Biochemical response to a moderate running bout in participants with or without a history of acute knee injury","volume":"52","author":"Cattano NM","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cattano NM, Driban JB, Barbe MF, Tierney RT, Amin M, Sitler MR. Biochemical response to a moderate running bout in participants with or without a history of acute knee injury. J Athl Train. 2017;52(6):567\u2013574. doi:10.4085\/1062-6050-51.5.09"},{"key":"r12","series-title":"J Orthop Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.25694","article-title":"Cartilage deformation following a walking bout in individuals with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction","volume":"10","author":"Pamukoff DN","year":"2023","unstructured":"Pamukoff DN, Holmes SC, Heredia CE, Shumski EJ, Garcia SA, Montgomery MM. Cartilage deformation following a walking bout in individuals with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. J Orthop Res. 2023;10:694. doi:10.1002\/jor.25694"},{"key":"r13","series-title":"Health Qual Life Outcomes","article-title":"The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS): from joint injury to osteoarthritis","volume":"1","author":"Roos EM","year":"2003","unstructured":"Roos EM, Lohmander LS. The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS): from joint injury to osteoarthritis. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2003;1:64."},{"issue":"2","key":"r14","series-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.1998.28.2.88","article-title":"Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS)\u2014development of a self-administered outcome measure","volume":"28","author":"Roos EM","year":"1998","unstructured":"Roos EM, Roos HP, Lohmander LS, Ekdahl C, Beynnon BD. Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS)\u2014development of a self-administered outcome measure. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 1998;28(2):88\u201396. doi:10.2519\/jospt.1998.28.2.88"},{"issue":"2","key":"r15","series-title":"J Exp Biol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.138057","article-title":"A general relationship links gait mechanics and running ground reaction forces","volume":"220","author":"Clark KP","year":"2017","unstructured":"Clark KP, Ryan LJ, Weyand PG. A general relationship links gait mechanics and running ground reaction forces. J Exp Biol. 2017;220(2):247\u2013258. doi:10.1242\/jeb.138057"},{"issue":"5","key":"r16","series-title":"J Appl Physiol.","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1991","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.2000.89.5.1991","article-title":"Faster top running speeds are achieved with greater ground forces not more rapid leg movements","volume":"89","author":"Weyand PG","year":"2000","unstructured":"Weyand PG, Sternlight DB, Bellizzi MJ, Wright S. Faster top running speeds are achieved with greater ground forces not more rapid leg movements. J Appl Physiol. 2000;89(5):1991\u20131991. doi:10.1152\/jappl.2000.89.5.1991"},{"issue":"10","key":"r17","series-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2005.06.005","article-title":"Changes in knee cartilage volume and serum COMP concentration after running exercise","volume":"13","author":"Kersting UG","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kersting UG, Stubendorff JJ, Schmidt MC, Br\u00fcggemann G-P. Changes in knee cartilage volume and serum COMP concentration after running exercise. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2005;13(10):925\u2013934. doi:10.1016\/j.joca.2005.06.005"},{"issue":"7","key":"r18","series-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2008.12.010","article-title":"The short-term effects of running on the deformation of knee articular cartilage and its relationship to biomechanical loads at the knee","volume":"17","author":"Boocock M","year":"2009","unstructured":"Boocock M, McNair P, Cicuttini F, Stuart A, Sinclair T. The short-term effects of running on the deformation of knee articular cartilage and its relationship to biomechanical loads at the knee. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2009;17(7):883\u2013890. doi:10.1016\/j.joca.2008.12.010"},{"issue":"8","key":"r19","series-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2011.04.012","article-title":"Deformational behaviour of knee cartilage and changes in serum cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) after running and drop landing","volume":"19","author":"Niehoff A","year":"2011","unstructured":"Niehoff A, M\u00fcller M, Br\u00fcggemann L, et\u00a0al. Deformational behaviour of knee cartilage and changes in serum cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) after running and drop landing. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2011;19(8):1003\u20131010. doi:10.1016\/j.joca.2011.04.012"},{"issue":"7","key":"r20","series-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1340","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e318285c6b6","article-title":"Long-term gait deviations in anterior cruciate ligament-reconstructed females","volume":"45","author":"Noehren B","year":"2013","unstructured":"Noehren B, Wilson H, Miller C, Lattermann C. Long-term gait deviations in anterior cruciate ligament-reconstructed females.\u00a0Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2013;45(7):1340\u20131347. doi:10.1249\/MSS.0b013e318285c6b6"},{"issue":"4","key":"r21","series-title":"Clin Biomech","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2009.12.004","article-title":"Sagittal plane knee joint moments following anterior cruciate ligament injury and reconstruction: a systematic review","volume":"25","author":"Hart JM","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hart JM, Ko J-WK, Konold T, Pietrosimone B. Sagittal plane knee joint moments following anterior cruciate ligament injury and reconstruction: a systematic review. Clin Biomech. 2010;25(4):277\u2013283. doi:10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2009.12.004"},{"issue":"6","key":"r22","series-title":"J Sport Rehabil","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1123\/jsr.2021-0128","article-title":"Arthrogenic muscle inhibition following anterior cruciate ligament injury","volume":"31","author":"Pietrosimone B","year":"2022","unstructured":"Pietrosimone B, Lepley AS, Kuenze C, et\u00a0al. Arthrogenic muscle inhibition following anterior cruciate ligament injury. J Sport Rehabil. 2022;31(6):694\u2013706. doi:10.1123\/jsr.2021-0128"},{"issue":"1","key":"r23","series-title":"J Sport Rehabil","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1123\/jsr.2017-0080","article-title":"Quadriceps and patient-reported function in ACL-reconstructed patients: a principal component analysis","volume":"28","author":"Norte GE","year":"2019","unstructured":"Norte GE, Hertel JN, Saliba SA, Diduch DR, Hart JM. Quadriceps and patient-reported function in ACL-reconstructed patients: a principal component analysis.\u00a0J Sport Rehabil. 2019;28(1):8\u201316. doi:10.1123\/jsr.2017-0080"},{"issue":"6","key":"r24","series-title":"J Biomech","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1016\/s0021-9290(02)00019-2","article-title":"Rate of blunt impact loading affects changes in retropatellar cartilage and underlying bone in the rabbit patella","volume":"35","author":"Ewers BJ","year":"2002","unstructured":"Ewers BJ, Jayaraman VM, Banglmaier RF, Haut RC. Rate of blunt impact loading affects changes in retropatellar cartilage and underlying bone in the rabbit patella. J Biomech. 2002;35(6):747\u2013755. doi:10.1016\/s0021-9290(02)00019-2"},{"key":"r25","series-title":"Br Med J","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.f232","article-title":"Treatment for acute anterior cruciate ligament tear: five year outcome of randomised trial","volume":"346","author":"Frobell RB","year":"2013","unstructured":"Frobell RB, Roos HP, Roos EM, Roemer FW, Ranstam J, Lohmander LS. Treatment for acute anterior cruciate ligament tear: five year outcome of randomised trial. Br Med J. 2013;346:f232. doi:10.1136\/bmj.f232"},{"issue":"5","key":"r26","series-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2018.7830","article-title":"Quality of life in symptomatic individuals after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, with and without radiographic knee osteoarthritis","volume":"48","author":"Filbay SR","year":"2018","unstructured":"Filbay SR, Ackerman IN, Dhupelia S, Arden NK, Crossley KM. Quality of life in symptomatic individuals after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, with and without radiographic knee osteoarthritis. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2018;48(5):398\u2013408. doi:10.2519\/jospt.2018.7830"},{"issue":"3","key":"r27","series-title":"J Orthop Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.23250","article-title":"Physical activity levels and quality of life relate to collagen turnover and inflammation changes after running","volume":"35","author":"Cattano NM","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cattano NM, Driban JB, Barbe MF, Tierney R, Amin M, Sitler MR. Physical activity levels and quality of life relate to collagen turnover and inflammation changes after running. J Orthop Res. 2017;35(3):612\u2013617. doi:10.1002\/jor.23250"},{"issue":"4","key":"r28","series-title":"J Sport Rehabil","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1123\/jsr.2014-0196","article-title":"Kinesiophobia after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in physically active individuals","volume":"24","author":"Cozzi AL","year":"2015","unstructured":"Cozzi AL, Dunn KL, Harding JL, McLeod TCV, Bacon CEW. Kinesiophobia after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in physically active individuals. J Sport Rehabil. 2015;24(4):434\u2013439. doi:10.1123\/jsr.2014-0196"}],"container-title":["Journal of Sport Rehabilitation"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.humankinetics.com\/view\/journals\/jsr\/34\/8\/article-p805.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.humankinetics.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/jsr\/34\/8\/article-p805.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.humankinetics.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/jsr\/34\/8\/article-p805.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T15:25:02Z","timestamp":1761578702000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.humankinetics.com\/view\/journals\/jsr\/34\/8\/article-p805.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1123\/jsr.2024-0353","relation":{},"ISSN":["1056-6716","1543-3072"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1056-6716","type":"print"},{"value":"1543-3072","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]]}}}