{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T17:26:41Z","timestamp":1787765201401,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Human Kinetics","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      <jats:bold>Context<\/jats:bold>\n                      :\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    Accurate assessment of ankle evertor strength is essential for guiding rehabilitation and return-to-sport decisions after lateral ankle sprain, yet the reliability and measurement error of commonly used assessment instruments remain unclear.\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      <jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\n                      :\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    To synthesize the literature evaluating the reliability and measurement error of instruments used to assess ankle evertor strength.\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      <jats:bold>Evidence Acquisition<\/jats:bold>\n                      :\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    A systematic search was conducted in MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, and DiTA without date restrictions. Studies assessing voluntary instrument-measured ankle evertor strength were included and evaluated using the COSMIN risk of bias tool. Two reviewers independently screened articles and extracted data on reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient or Pearson\n                    <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) and measurement error (minimal detectable change, limit of agreement, or coefficient of variation). Sufficient reliability was defined as intraclass correlation coefficient or\n                    <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009\u2265\u2009.70, and sufficient measurement error was define as minimal detectable change, limit of agreement, or coefficient of variation \u226420%. Key protocol characteristics, including contraction velocity, knee position, stabilization methods, visual feedback, and verbal encouragement, were extracted.\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      <jats:bold>Evidence synthesis<\/jats:bold>\n                      :\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    From 4047 records, 23 studies were included. Instruments used were isokinetic dynamometers, hand-held dynamometers, vertical pulley, and custom instruments. Most participants were healthy (90%), while 10% had lateral ankle sprain. Methodological quality was rated adequate (35%), doubtful (39%), or inadequate (26%). Reliability was sufficient in 83% of extracted values, whereas measurement error was sufficient in 34%. Protocol parameters did not significantly influence test\u2013retest reliability; however, contraction velocity, knee position, and verbal encouragement influenced test\u2013retest measurement error, and knee position and stabilization influenced interrater reliability.\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      <jats:bold>Conclusion<\/jats:bold>\n                      :\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    Isokinetic dynamometry, especially in isometric testing, demonstrated the most consistent reliability and the lowest measurement error. When unavailable, hand-held dynamometers offers a reliable field alternative for isometric testing. One-repetition maximum methods may be used for dynamic strength evaluation, despite higher measurement error. Protocol parameters influencing measurement error and interrater reliability should be standardized to improve measurement reproducibility.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1123\/jsr.2024-0424","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,4]],"date-time":"2026-04-04T01:59:44Z","timestamp":1775267984000},"page":"544-562","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Reliability and Measurement Error of Instrument-Based Methods to Assess Ankle Evertor Strength: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.1123","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6389-672X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Aude","family":"Aguilaniu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Activity and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Li\u00e8ge, Li\u00e8ge, Belgium"},{"name":"LAM \u2013 Motion Lab, University of Li\u00e8ge, Li\u00e8ge, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8931-2531","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"St\u00e9phanie","family":"Grosdent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Activity and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Li\u00e8ge, Li\u00e8ge, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7307-7821","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"C\u00e9dric","family":"Schwartz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Activity and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Li\u00e8ge, Li\u00e8ge, Belgium"},{"name":"LAM \u2013 Motion Lab, University of Li\u00e8ge, Li\u00e8ge, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7038-7165","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"G\u00e9raldine","family":"Martens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Activity and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Li\u00e8ge, Li\u00e8ge, Belgium"},{"name":"French-speaking Research Network for Athlete Health Protection & Performance (ReFORM), University Hospital of Li\u00e8ge, Li\u00e8ge, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-4495-4295","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jean-Louis","family":"Croisier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Activity and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Li\u00e8ge, Li\u00e8ge, Belgium"},{"name":"LAM \u2013 Motion Lab, University of Li\u00e8ge, Li\u00e8ge, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4688-293X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Nancy","family":"Durieux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit for a life-Course perspective on Health & Education\u2014RUCHE, Faculty of Psychology, Speech and Language Therapy and Educational Sciences, University of Li\u00e8ge, Li\u00e8ge, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"100","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"r1","series-title":"Am J Sports Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546516660980","article-title":"The epidemiology of lateral ligament complex ankle sprains in national collegiate athletic association sports","volume":"45","author":"Roos KG","year":"2017","unstructured":"Roos KG, Kerr ZY, Mauntel TC, Djoko A, Dompier TP, Wikstrom EA. 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