{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T23:32:49Z","timestamp":1793057569291,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Human Kinetics","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]]},"abstract":"\n \n Context<\/jats:bold>\n :\n <\/jats:italic>\n The athletic shoulder (ASH) test traditionally evaluates upper limb isometric strength in a prone position using a force platform. However, this position may lack functional relevance, and the force platforms are not portable. A functional electromechanical dynamometer may provide a potentially valid, reliable, portable, and standardized seated alternative.\n \n Design<\/jats:bold>\n :\n <\/jats:italic>\n Randomized, repeated-measures design to assess the between-session reliability and concurrent validity of the Modified Seated ASH Test using an electromechanical dynamometer compared with the prone ASH test using a force platform.\n \n Methods<\/jats:bold>\n :\n <\/jats:italic>\n Thirty-four active university students (15 males, 19 females; 19.73 [3.68]\u00a0years) completed ASH assessments using a force platform (prone) and an electromechanical dynamometer (seated). We evaluated between-session reliability using intraclass correlation coefficients and coefficients of variation and concurrent validity using Pearson correlations (\n r<\/jats:italic>\n ) and Bland\u2013Altman analyses.\n \n Results<\/jats:bold>\n :\n <\/jats:italic>\n The electromechanical dynamometer demonstrated excellent reliability across the 180\u00b0 (I), 135\u00b0 (Y), and 90\u00b0 (T) positions (intraclass correlation coefficient\u2009=\u2009.91\u2013.97, coefficients of variation\u2009=\u20097.25%\u201311.33%). The force platform also showed good to excellent reliability but with higher variability (intraclass correlation coefficient\u2009=\u2009.83\u2013.91, coefficients of variation\u2009=\u200912.43%\u201315.89%). Electromechanical dynamometer and force platform forces correlated strongly across\u00a0positions (\n r<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009.77\u2013.87,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u2009.001). However, Bland\u2013Altman analyses revealed the electromechanical dynamometer yielded systematically higher forces (bias\u2009=\u200918\u201328\u00a0N) with nontrivial limits of agreement, indicating scores differ meaningfully between devices.\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:bold>\n :\n <\/jats:italic>\n The Modified Seated ASH test, using an electromechanical dynamometer, has good to excellent reliability for assessing upper limb isometric strength and is strongly associated with the traditional force platform-based ASH test. The presence of systematic bias and nontrivial limits of agreement indicates that electromechanical dynamometer- and force platform-derived forces should not be considered interchangeable for absolute strength quantification.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1123\/jsr.2025-0074","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]],"date-time":"2026-05-28T04:12:27Z","timestamp":1779941547000},"page":"695-701","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Validity and Reliability of a Modified Seated Athletic Shoulder Test Using a Functional Electromechanical Dynamometer"],"prefix":"10.1123","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9006-8516","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ignacio J.","family":"Chirosa-R\u00edos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sports Science, University of Granada, Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0077-6813","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Dario","family":"Mart\u00ednez-Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sports Science, University of Granada, Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1008-176X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Luis J.","family":"Chirosa-R\u00edos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sports Science, University of Granada, Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1829-0734","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Gustavo","family":"Garc\u00eda-Buend\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sports Science, University of Granada, Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2718-7253","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Raquel","family":"Escobar-Molina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sports Science, University of Granada, Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-5683-522X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jesus","family":"Jim\u00e9nez-Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sports Science, University of Granada, Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"100","reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"r1","series-title":"Br J Sports Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2018-099457","article-title":"Force awakens: a new hope for athletic shoulder strength testing","volume":"53","author":"Ashworth B","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ashworth B, Cohen DD. 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