{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T13:51:14Z","timestamp":1793022674040,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Human Kinetics","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      <jats:bold>Context<\/jats:bold>\n                      :\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    Bowling is a widely practiced sport in the United States, both recreationally and competitively. Despite its popularity, bowling carries a risk of injury. However, comprehensive epidemiological data on bowling-related injuries are extremely limited, especially in comparison with those for other well-known sports. This study aims to provide an updated review of epidemiological patterns by age, sex, body region, and mechanism of injury for bowling-related injuries in the United States between 2014 and 2023.\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      <jats:bold>Design<\/jats:bold>\n                      :\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    Retrospective epidemiological study.\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      <jats:bold>Methods<\/jats:bold>\n                      :\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    Bowling-related injury data from 2014 to 2023 were extracted from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System. Variables included age, sex, body region, diagnosis, disposition, and injury mechanism. Weighted national estimates were calculated. Statistical analyses included linear regression,\n                    <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\n                    -tests, analysis of variance, and chi-square tests, with significance set at\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u2009.05.\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      <jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\n                      :\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    A total of 3299 injuries were identified, corresponding to a national estimate of 141,844 injuries. The mean age was 34\u00a0years; 51.6% were male. Adults (19\u201364\u00a0y) had the highest injury rates. Trunk (21.9%), head\/neck (13.4%), and finger (12.6%) were the most commonly injured regions across all age groups. Sprains\/strains were the most frequent diagnosis (29.9%). Falls were the leading mechanism (27.5%), especially in children and seniors. Most patients (95%) were treated and released. Injury incidence declined over the study period, with a sharp drop in 2020, likely due to the COVID-19 pandemic and declining bowling participation.\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      <jats:bold>Conclusion<\/jats:bold>\n                      :\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    Bowling-related injuries most commonly affect the trunk and upper extremities, with falls and overexertion as leading mechanisms. Injury patterns vary by age, with children and seniors demonstrating higher rates of falls and acute injuries, and adults demonstrating higher rates of overuse injuries. Understanding the epidemiology of bowling-related injuries\u00a0can inform targeted prevention strategies, including supervision and equipment for children, conditioning for adults and seniors, and education on safe techniques for all bowlers.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1123\/jsr.2025-0446","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T12:07:36Z","timestamp":1785931656000},"page":"1-8","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Epidemiology of Bowling-Related Injuries Presenting to US Emergency Departments From 2014 to 2023"],"prefix":"10.1123","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-7961-6941","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Wing Yun","family":"Au","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Medical Education, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcus","family":"Weeks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Northwell Health- Long Island Jewish Forest Hills, Forest Hills, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3507-5769","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Reid W.","family":"Collis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA"},{"name":"Professional Bowlers Association, Mechanicsville, VA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"100","reference":[{"key":"r1","series-title":"Ipsos","article-title":"Cornhole and bowling are the sports most Americans played last year","author":"Newall M","year":"2023","unstructured":"Newall M, Sawyer J, Rollason C, Ivey T. Cornhole and bowling are the sports most Americans played last year. Ipsos. February 22, 2023. https:\/\/www.ipsos.com\/en-us\/cornhole-and-bowling-are-sports-most-americans-played-last-year. Accessed August 24, 2025."},{"issue":"1","key":"r2","series-title":"Malays Orthop J","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.5704\/MOJ.2103.017","article-title":"Bowling: occupational hazards of the wrist and hand in elite tenpin bowlers","volume":"15","author":"Lee YJ","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lee YJ, Harmony T, Jamal-Azmi IS, Gunasagaran J, Ahmad TS. Bowling: occupational hazards of the wrist and hand in elite tenpin bowlers. Malays Orthop J. 2021;15(1):113\u2013118. PubMed ID: 33880157 doi:10.5704\/MOJ.2103.017"},{"issue":"5","key":"r3","series-title":"J Okla State Med Assoc","first-page":"289","article-title":"Bowling related injuries of the hand and upper extremity; a review","volume":"91","author":"Miller S","year":"1998","unstructured":"Miller S, Rayan GM. Bowling related injuries of the hand and upper extremity; a review. J Okla State Med Assoc. 1998;91(5):289\u2013291. PubMed ID: 9714970"},{"issue":"3","key":"r4","series-title":"J Sport Rehabil","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1123\/jsr.2022-0127","article-title":"Musculoskeletal injuries in elite collegiate tenpin bowling athletes","volume":"32","author":"Zabierek BL","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zabierek BL, Wilson WC, DiLiberto FE. Musculoskeletal injuries in elite collegiate tenpin bowling athletes. J Sport Rehabil. 2023;32(3):277\u2013281. PubMed ID: 36460005 doi:10.1123\/jsr.2022-0127"},{"issue":"9","key":"r5","series-title":"Curr Sports Med Rep","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1249\/JSR.0000000000001193","article-title":"Perineural fibrosis of the ulnar digital nerve of the thumb (bowler\u2019s thumb): a case series","volume":"23","author":"North T","year":"2024","unstructured":"North T, Robinson D, Boettcher B, Kakar S, Johnson AC, Jelsing EJ. Perineural fibrosis of the ulnar digital nerve of the thumb (bowler\u2019s thumb): a case series. Curr Sports Med Rep. 2024;23(9):300\u2013302. PubMed ID: 39248398 doi:10.1249\/JSR.0000000000001193"},{"issue":"4","key":"r6","series-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197254040-00005","article-title":"Bowler\u2019s thumb: diagnosis and treatment. A review of seventeen cases","volume":"54","author":"Dobyns JH","year":"1972","unstructured":"Dobyns JH, O\u2019Brien ET, Linscheid RL, Farrow GM. Bowler\u2019s thumb: diagnosis and treatment. A review of seventeen cases. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1972;54(4):751\u2013755. PubMed ID: 5055167 doi:10.2106\/00004623-197254040-00005"},{"issue":"8","key":"r7","series-title":"Clin Pediatr","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.1177\/0009922811404697","article-title":"Epidemiology of bowling-related injuries presenting to US emergency departments, 1990\u20132008","volume":"50","author":"Kerr ZY","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kerr ZY, Collins CL, Comstock RD. Epidemiology of bowling-related injuries presenting to US emergency departments, 1990\u20132008. Clin Pediatr. 2011;50(8):738\u2013746. doi:10.1177\/0009922811404697"},{"key":"r8","article-title":"U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission","unstructured":"CPSC NEISS On-Line Query System. U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission. https:\/\/www.cpsc.gov\/cgibin\/NEISSQuery\/home.aspx. Accessed August 24, 2025."},{"key":"r9","unstructured":"GraphPad Software. https:\/\/www.graphpad.com\/quickcalcs\/. Accessed August 24, 2025."},{"key":"r10","article-title":"Social Science Statistics","unstructured":"One-Way ANOVA Calculator, Plus Tukey HSD. Social Science Statistics. https:\/\/www.socscistatistics.com\/tests\/anova\/default2.aspx#google_vignette. Accessed August 24, 2025."},{"issue":"5","key":"r11","series-title":"Br J Nurs","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.12968\/bjon.2021.30.5.272","article-title":"Adolescence: physical changes and neurological development","volume":"30","author":"Best O","year":"2021","unstructured":"Best O, Ban S. Adolescence: physical changes and neurological development. Br J Nurs. 2021;30(5):272\u2013275. PubMed ID: 33733842 doi:10.12968\/bjon.2021.30.5.272"},{"issue":"1","key":"r12","series-title":"Eur J Transl Myol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4081\/ejtm.2022.10416","article-title":"Exercise-mediated reinnervation of skeletal muscle in elderly people: an update","volume":"32","author":"Coletti C","year":"2022","unstructured":"Coletti C, Acosta GF, Keslacy S, Coletti D. Exercise-mediated reinnervation of skeletal muscle in elderly people: an update. Eur J Transl Myol. 2022;32(1):10416. doi:10.4081\/ejtm.2022.10416"},{"issue":"11","key":"r13","series-title":"Sports Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1663","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-016-0495-z","article-title":"Correlates of gross motor competence in children and adolescents: a systematic review and Meta-analysis","volume":"46","author":"Barnett LM","year":"2016","unstructured":"Barnett LM, Lai SK, Veldman SLC, et\u00a0al. Correlates of gross motor competence in children and adolescents: a systematic review and Meta-analysis. Sports Med. 2016;46(11):1663\u20131688. PubMed ID: 26894274 doi:10.1007\/s40279-016-0495-z"},{"key":"r14","series-title":"National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases","article-title":"Growth Plate Injuries","year":"2017","unstructured":"NIAMS. Growth Plate Injuries. National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases. April 5, 2017. https:\/\/www.niams.nih.gov\/health-topics\/growth-plate-injuries. Accessed November 16, 2025."},{"key":"r15","unstructured":"How Auto Accident Injuries Differ in Children vs. Adults Page\u2014North Florida Medical Center. https:\/\/nfmcjax.com\/blog\/how-auto-accident-injuries-differ-in-children-vs-adults-page. Accessed November 16, 2025."},{"issue":"1","key":"r16","series-title":"J Sport Health Sci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jshs.2020.06.003","article-title":"Exercise interventions for older adults: a systematic review of meta-analyses","volume":"10","author":"Di Lorito C","year":"2021","unstructured":"Di Lorito C, Long A, Byrne A, et\u00a0al. Exercise interventions for older adults: a systematic review of meta-analyses. J Sport Health Sci. 2021;10(1):29\u201347. PubMed ID: 32525097 doi:10.1016\/j.jshs.2020.06.003"},{"key":"r17","series-title":"Bowling","author":"Wiedman DL","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wiedman DL, Wiedman D. Bowling. 2nd ed. Human Kinetics; 2015."},{"key":"r18","article-title":"Private Equity\u2013Backed Firm Bowlero Is Ruining Bowling","author":"Barshad A","unstructured":"Barshad A. Private Equity\u2013Backed Firm Bowlero Is Ruining Bowling. https:\/\/jacobin.com\/2024\/05\/private-equity-bowlero-ruining-bowling. Accessed August 24, 2025."},{"key":"r19","unstructured":"What\u2019s Happening to Bowling? https:\/\/www.whitehutchinson.com\/leisure\/articles\/whats-happening-to-bowling.shtml. Accessed August 24, 2025."},{"key":"r20","series-title":"Milwaukee Magazine","article-title":"The Demise of Bowling","author":"Rovito R","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rovito R. The Demise of Bowling. Milwaukee Magazine. September 28, 2015. https:\/\/www.milwaukeemag.com\/the-demise-of-bowling\/. Accessed August 24, 2025."}],"container-title":["Journal of Sport Rehabilitation"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.humankinetics.com\/view\/journals\/jsr\/aop\/article-10.1123-jsr.2025-0446\/article-10.1123-jsr.2025-0446.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.humankinetics.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/jsr\/aop\/article-10.1123-jsr.2025-0446\/article-10.1123-jsr.2025-0446.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T13:31:08Z","timestamp":1793021468000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.humankinetics.com\/view\/journals\/jsr\/aop\/article-10.1123-jsr.2025-0446\/article-10.1123-jsr.2025-0446.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"references-count":20,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1123\/jsr.2025-0446","relation":{},"ISSN":["1056-6716","1543-3072"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1056-6716","type":"print"},{"value":"1543-3072","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}}}