{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T16:47:57Z","timestamp":1782406077631,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":98,"publisher":"Human Kinetics","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    This study investigated the neural timing control characteristics of countermovement jumps between elite athletes and nonathletes using muscle synergy theory. Twenty male participants (high-level group [HLG,\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200910] and untrained group [UG,\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200910]) performed the countermovement jump while surface electromyography from eight lower limb muscles and three-dimensional force plate data were recorded. Nonnegative matrix factorization extracted three muscle synergy modules, and bootstrap resampling with bias-corrected 95% confidence intervals (CIs) analyzed temporal parameters. Results demonstrated: (a)\u00a0HLG achieved significantly greater jump height (95% CI: [\u22120.139, \u22120.026]); (b)\u00a0HLG exhibited delayed activation onset (95% CI: [\u22120.227, \u22120.015]), peak timing (95% CI: [\u22120.300, \u22120.028]), and offset (95% CI: [\u22120.216, \u22120.014]) in Synergy module 1, delayed onset (95% CI: [\u22120.225, \u22120.054]) and offset (95% CI: [\u22120.224, \u22120.072]) in Synergy module 2, and delayed offset in Synergy module 3 (95% CI: [\u22120.197, \u22120.017]); and (c)\u00a0HLG showed narrower full width at half maximum in Synergy module 1 (95% CI: [0.009, 0.094]), with no group differences in amplitude parameters. These findings suggest that, compared with UG, HLG exhibit delayed synergy activation timing during the countermovement jump. This temporal pattern may be associated with more effective use of the eccentric phase and more coordinated interjoint timing during propulsion.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1123\/mc.2025-0060","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T00:52:23Z","timestamp":1781657543000},"page":"259-276","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Muscle Synergies During Countermovement Jump: Comparing Athletes and Nonathletes"],"prefix":"10.1123","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-3208-7926","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Fan","family":"Peng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Strength and Conditioning Training, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-8553-9938","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yongmin","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Strength and Conditioning Training, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4435-5685","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Zhonghe","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Strength and Conditioning Training, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-9222-1063","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Junqi","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Strength and Conditioning Training, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-5223-8972","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Weihao","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Strength and Conditioning Training, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"100","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"r1","series-title":"Life,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.3390\/life13010190","article-title":"Assessment of countermovement jump: what should we report?","volume":"13","author":"Anicic, Z.","year":"2023","unstructured":"Anicic, Z., Janicijevic, D., Knezevic, O.M., Garcia-Ramos, A., Petrovic, M.R., Cabarkapa, D., & Mirkov, D.M. (2023). Assessment of countermovement jump: what should we report? Life, 13(1), 190. 10.3390\/life13010190"},{"issue":"6","key":"r2","series-title":"Applied Sciences,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1987","DOI":"10.3390\/app10061987","article-title":"Age-related differences in muscle synergy organization during step ascent at different heights and directions","volume":"10","author":"Baggen, R.J.","year":"2020","unstructured":"Baggen, R.J., Van Die\u00ebn, J.H`., Van Roie, E., Verschueren, S.M., Giarmatzis, G., Delecluse, C., & Dominici, N. (2020). Age-related differences in muscle synergy organization during step ascent at different heights and directions. Applied Sciences, 10(6), 1987. 10.3390\/app10061987"},{"issue":"1","key":"r3","series-title":"Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000002160","article-title":"Relationships between countermovement jump ground reaction forces and jump height, reactive strength index, and jump time","volume":"32","author":"Barker, L.A.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Barker, L.A., Harry, J.R., & Mercer, J.A. (2018). Relationships between countermovement jump ground reaction forces and jump height, reactive strength index, and jump time. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 32(1), 248\u2013254. 10.1519\/JSC.0000000000002160"},{"issue":"3","key":"r4","series-title":"Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1249\/01.MSS.0000155389.34538.97","article-title":"Is the effect of a countermovement on jump height due to active state development?","volume":"37","author":"Bobbert, M.F.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Bobbert, M.F., & Casius, L.J.R. (2005). Is the effect of a countermovement on jump height due to active state development? Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 37(3), 440\u2013446. 10.1249\/01.MSS.0000155389.34538.97"},{"issue":"8","key":"r5","series-title":"Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise,","first-page":"1012","article-title":"Effects of muscle strengthening on vertical jump height: A simulation study","volume":"26","author":"Bobbert, M.F.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Bobbert, M.F., & Van Soest, A.J. (1994). Effects of muscle strengthening on vertical jump height: A simulation study. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 26(8),\u00a01012\u20131020. https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/acsm-msse\/fulltext\/1994\/08000\/effects_of_muscle_strengthening_on_vertical_jump.13.aspx"},{"issue":"2","key":"r6","series-title":"Biological Cybernetics,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1007\/s004220050547","article-title":"Sensitivity of vertical jumping performance to changes in muscle stimulation onset times: A simulation study","volume":"81","author":"Bobbert, M.F.","year":"1999","unstructured":"Bobbert, M.F., & Van Zandwijk, J.P. (1999). Sensitivity of vertical jumping performance to changes in muscle stimulation onset times: A simulation study. Biological Cybernetics, 81(2), 101\u2013108. 10.1007\/s004220050547"},{"key":"r7","series-title":"Ageing Research Reviews,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102933","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102933","article-title":"The effects of eccentric versus traditional resistance training on muscle strength, power, hypertrophy, and functional performance in older adults: A systematic review with multilevel meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"113","author":"Chaabene, H.","year":"2026","unstructured":"Chaabene, H., M\u00fcller, P., Dhahbi, W., K\u00f6nigstein, K., Taubert, M., Markov, A., & Lehmann, N. (2026). The effects of eccentric versus traditional resistance training on muscle strength, power, hypertrophy, and functional performance in older adults: A systematic review with multilevel meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Ageing Research Reviews, 113, 102933. 10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102933"},{"issue":"23","key":"r8","series-title":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16176","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph192316176","article-title":"Using the countermovement jump metrics to assess dynamic eccentric strength: A preliminary study","volume":"19","author":"Chang, C.-C.","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chang, C.-C., & Chiang, C.-Y. (2022). Using the countermovement jump metrics to assess dynamic eccentric strength: A preliminary study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(23), 16176. 10.3390\/ijerph192316176"},{"issue":"2","key":"r9","series-title":"Strength & Conditioning Journal,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1519\/SSC.0000000000000353","article-title":"Force-time characteristics of the countermovement jump: Analyzing the curve in excel","volume":"40","author":"Chavda, S.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chavda, S., Bromley, T., Jarvis, P., Williams, S., Bishop, C., Turner, A.N., Lake, J.P., & Mundy, P.D. (2018). Force-time characteristics of the countermovement jump: Analyzing the curve in excel. Strength & Conditioning Journal, 40(2), 67\u201377. 10.1519\/SSC.0000000000000353"},{"issue":"9","key":"r10","series-title":"Mathematical Biosciences and Engineering,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16033","DOI":"10.3934\/mbe.2023715","article-title":"Kinematic analysis of countermovement jump performance in response to immediate neuromuscular electrical stimulation","volume":"20","author":"Chen, C.-F.","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chen, C.-F., Wang, S.-F., Shen, X.-X., Liu, L., & Wu, H.-J. (2023). Kinematic analysis of countermovement jump performance in response to immediate neuromuscular electrical stimulation. Mathematical Biosciences and Engineering, 20(9), 16033\u201316044. 10.3934\/mbe.2023715"},{"issue":"8","key":"r11","series-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3076","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0500199102","article-title":"Shared and specific muscle synergies in natural motor behaviors","volume":"102","author":"d\u2019Avella, A.","year":"2005","unstructured":"d\u2019Avella, A., & Bizzi, E. (2005). Shared and specific muscle synergies in natural motor behaviors. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 102(8), 3076\u20133081. 10.1073\/pnas.0500199102"},{"issue":"3","key":"r12","series-title":"Nature Neuroscience,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1010","article-title":"Combinations of muscle synergies in the construction of a natural motor behavior","volume":"6","author":"d\u2019Avella, A.","year":"2003","unstructured":"d\u2019Avella, A., Saltiel, P., & Bizzi, E. (2003). Combinations of muscle synergies in the construction of a natural motor behavior. Nature Neuroscience, 6(3), 300\u2013308. 10.1038\/nn1010"},{"key":"r13","series-title":"Frontiers in Sports and Active Living,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1556024","DOI":"10.3389\/fspor.2025.1556024","article-title":"Editorial: Advancing biomechanics: Enhancing sports performance, mitigating injury risks, and optimizing athlete rehabilitation","volume":"7","author":"Dhahbi, W.","year":"2025","unstructured":"Dhahbi, W. (2025). Editorial: Advancing biomechanics: Enhancing sports performance, mitigating injury risks, and optimizing athlete rehabilitation. Frontiers in Sports and Active Living, 7, 1556024. 10.3389\/fspor.2025.1556024"},{"issue":"1","key":"r14","series-title":"Sports Medicine - Open,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1186\/s40798-025-00857-2","article-title":"Physical activity to counter age-related cognitive decline: Benefits of aerobic, resistance, and combined training\u2014A narrative review","volume":"11","author":"Dhahbi, W.","year":"2025","unstructured":"Dhahbi, W., Briki, W., Heissel, A., Schega, L., Dergaa, I., Guelmami, N., Omri, A.E., & Chaabene, H. (2025). Physical activity to counter age-related cognitive decline: Benefits of aerobic, resistance, and combined training\u2014A narrative review. Sports Medicine - Open, 11(1), 56. 10.1186\/s40798-025-00857-2"},{"issue":"4","key":"r15","series-title":"Biology of Sport,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.5114\/biolsport.2025.148544","article-title":"Rethinking knee injury prevention strategies: Joint-by-joint training approach paradigm versus traditional focused knee strengthening","volume":"42","author":"Dhahbi, W.","year":"2025","unstructured":"Dhahbi, W., Materne, O., & Chamari, K. (2025). Rethinking knee injury prevention strategies: Joint-by-joint training approach paradigm versus traditional focused knee strengthening. Biology of Sport, 42(4), 59\u201365. 10.5114\/biolsport.2025.148544"},{"issue":"9","key":"r16","series-title":"Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2352","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e3181aff2cc","article-title":"Influence of initial foot dorsal flexion on vertical jump and running performance","volume":"24","author":"Faiss, R.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Faiss, R., Terrier, P., Praz, M., Fuchslocher, J., Gobelet, C., & Deriaz, O. (2010). Influence of initial foot dorsal flexion on vertical jump and running performance. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 24(9), 2352\u20132357. 10.1519\/JSC.0b013e3181aff2cc"},{"issue":"2","key":"r17","series-title":"Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2023.11.001","article-title":"Support moment distribution during the back squat at different depths and loads in recreationally trained females","volume":"27","author":"Goodman, W.","year":"2024","unstructured":"Goodman, W., Flores, V., Cotter, J.A., Graham, D., & Becker, J. (2024). Support moment distribution during the back squat at different depths and loads in recreationally trained females. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 27(2), 119\u2013124. 10.1016\/j.jsams.2023.11.001"},{"issue":"5","key":"r18","series-title":"Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1016\/S1050-6411(00)00027-4","article-title":"Development of recommendations for SEMG sensors and sensor placement procedures","volume":"10","author":"Hermens, H.J.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Hermens, H.J., Freriks, B., Disselhorst-Klug, C., & Rau, G. (2000). Development of recommendations for SEMG sensors and sensor placement procedures. Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology, 10(5), 361\u2013374. 10.1016\/S1050-6411(00)00027-4"},{"issue":"4","key":"r19","series-title":"Human Movement Science,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humov.2011.10.001","article-title":"The effect of strength training, recreational soccer and running exercise on stretch\u2013shortening cycle muscle performance during countermovement jumping","volume":"31","author":"Jakobsen, M.D.","year":"2012","unstructured":"Jakobsen, M.D., Sundstrup, E., Randers, M.B., Kj\u00e6r, M., Andersen, L.L., Krustrup, P., & Aagaard, P. (2012). The effect of strength training, recreational soccer and running exercise on stretch\u2013shortening cycle muscle performance during countermovement jumping. Human Movement Science, 31(4), 970\u2013986. 10.1016\/j.humov.2011.10.001"},{"issue":"2","key":"r20","series-title":"Journal of Sports Science and Medicine,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.52082\/jssm.2023.189","article-title":"Joint coordination and muscle-tendon interaction differ depending on the level of jumping performance","volume":"22","author":"Jo, I.","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jo, I., & Lee, H.-D. (2023). Joint coordination and muscle-tendon interaction differ depending on the level of jumping performance. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 22(2), 189\u2013195. 10.52082\/jssm.2023.189"},{"issue":"3","key":"r49","series-title":"Journal of Capital University of Physical Education and Sports,","first-page":"342","article-title":"A comparative study on muscular work characteristics of Chinese elite trampoline athletes in two kinds of jumping conditions: Based on countermovement jump and vertical jump on net","volume":"34","author":"Kai, L.","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kai, L., Jun, Y., Chunlong, L., & Benyu, F. (2022). A comparative study on muscular work characteristics of Chinese elite trampoline athletes in two kinds of jumping conditions: Based on countermovement jump and vertical jump on net. Journal of Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, 34(3), 342\u2013347."},{"issue":"2","key":"r21","series-title":"Journal of Athletic Training,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-74-21","article-title":"Muscle synergies in people with chronic ankle instability during anticipated and unanticipated landing-cutting tasks","volume":"58","author":"Kim, H.","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kim, H., Palmieri-Smith, R., & Kipp, K. (2023). Muscle synergies in people with chronic ankle instability during anticipated and unanticipated landing-cutting tasks. Journal of Athletic Training, 58(2), 143\u2013152. 10.4085\/1062-6050-74-21"},{"issue":"2","key":"r22","series-title":"Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000003874","article-title":"Muscle-specific contributions to lower extremity net joint moments while squatting with different external loads","volume":"36","author":"Kipp, K.","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kipp, K., Kim, H., & Wolf, W.I. (2022). Muscle-specific contributions to lower extremity net joint moments while squatting with different external loads. Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 36(2), 324\u2013331. 10.1519\/JSC.0000000000003874"},{"issue":"21","key":"r23","series-title":"Physiological Reports,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e15073","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.15073","article-title":"Effects of plyometric training on muscle\u2013tendon mechanical properties and behavior of fascicles during jumping","volume":"9","author":"Kubo, K.","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kubo, K., Ikebukuro, T., & Yata, H. (2021). Effects of plyometric training on muscle\u2013tendon mechanical properties and behavior of fascicles during jumping. Physiological Reports, 9(21),\u00a0e15073. 10.14814\/phy2.15073"},{"issue":"4","key":"r24","series-title":"Experimental Brain Research,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1007\/s002210050925","article-title":"Anticipatory postural adjustments are associated with single vertical jump and their timing is predictive of jump amplitude","volume":"129","author":"Le Pellec, A.","year":"1999","unstructured":"Le Pellec, A., & Maton, B. (1999). Anticipatory postural adjustments are associated with single vertical jump and their timing is predictive of jump amplitude. Experimental Brain Research, 129(4), 551\u2013558. 10.1007\/s002210050925"},{"issue":"3","key":"r25","series-title":"Neuroscience Letters,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(02)00129-5","article-title":"Initiation of a vertical jump: The human body\u2019s upward propulsion depends on control of forward equilibrium","volume":"323","author":"Le Pellec, A.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Le Pellec, A., & Maton, B. (2002). Initiation of a vertical jump: The human body\u2019s upward propulsion depends on control of forward equilibrium. Neuroscience Letters, 323(3), 183\u2013186. 10.1016\/S0304-3940(02)00129-5"},{"key":"r26","series-title":"Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S53","DOI":"10.1016\/S0303-8467(15)30013-5","article-title":"Within-session acquisition of anticipatory postural adjustments during forward reaching task","volume":"129","author":"Liu, W.-Y.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Liu, W.-Y., Lin, Y.-H., Lien, H.-Y., Hsu, L.-Y., Tsai, Y.-J., Liao, C.-F., & Tang, S.F.-T. (2015). Within-session acquisition of anticipatory postural adjustments during forward reaching task. Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery, 129, S53\u2013S57. 10.1016\/S0303-8467(15)30013-5"},{"key":"r27","series-title":"MethodsX,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100964","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mex.2020.100964","article-title":"A comprehensive method for assessing postural control during dynamic balance testing","volume":"7","author":"Mandalidis, D.G.","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mandalidis, D.G., & Karagiannakis, D.N. (2020). A comprehensive method for assessing postural control during dynamic balance testing. MethodsX, 7, 100964. 10.1016\/j.mex.2020.100964"},{"issue":"2","key":"r28","series-title":"International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2021-0451","article-title":"Defining training and performance caliber: A participant classification framework","volume":"17","author":"McKay, A.K.A.","year":"2022","unstructured":"McKay, A.K.A., Stellingwerff, T., Smith, E.S., Martin, D.T., Mujika, I., Goosey-Tolfrey, V.L., Sheppard, J., & Burke, L.M. (2022). Defining training and performance caliber: A participant classification framework. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 17(2), 317\u2013331. 10.1123\/ijspp.2021-0451"},{"issue":"1","key":"r29","series-title":"Psychological Research,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1007\/s00426-002-0093-6","article-title":"Increasing the distance of an external focus of attention enhances learning","volume":"67","author":"McNevin, N.H.","year":"2003","unstructured":"McNevin, N.H., Shea, C.H., & Wulf, G. (2003). Increasing the distance of an external focus of attention enhances learning. Psychological Research, 67(1), 22\u201329. 10.1007\/s00426-002-0093-6"},{"issue":"4","key":"r30","series-title":"Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1164","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e3181c699b9","article-title":"The effect of three different start thresholds on the kinematics and kinetics of a countermovement jump","volume":"25","author":"Meylan, C.M.P.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Meylan, C.M.P., Nosaka, K., Green, J., & Cronin, J.B. (2011). The effect of three different start thresholds on the kinematics and kinetics of a countermovement jump. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 25(4), 1164\u20131167. 10.1519\/JSC.0b013e3181c699b9"},{"issue":"1","key":"r31","series-title":"BioMedical Engineering OnLine,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-925X-6-20","article-title":"Optimal coordination of maximal-effort horizontal and vertical jump motions\u2014A computer simulation study","volume":"6","author":"Nagano, A.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Nagano, A., Komura, T., & Fukashiro, S. (2007). Optimal coordination of maximal-effort horizontal and vertical jump motions\u2014A computer simulation study. BioMedical Engineering OnLine, 6(1), 20. 10.1186\/1475-925X-6-20"},{"issue":"6","key":"r32","series-title":"Sports,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.3390\/sports10060086","article-title":"Relationship of vertical jump performance and ankle joint range of motion: Effect of knee joint angle and handedness in young adult handball players","volume":"10","author":"Panoutsakopoulos, V.","year":"2022","unstructured":"Panoutsakopoulos, V., Kotzamanidou, M.C., Giannakos, A.K., & Kollias, I.A. (2022). Relationship of vertical jump performance and ankle joint range of motion: Effect of knee joint angle and handedness in young adult handball players. Sports, 10(6), 86. 10.3390\/sports10060086"},{"issue":"7","key":"r33","series-title":"PLoS One,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0306049","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0306049","article-title":"Study of the internal mechanism of attention focus affecting countermovement jump performance based on muscle synergy theory","volume":"19","author":"Peng, F.","year":"2024","unstructured":"Peng, F., Wang, D., Zhang, Y., & Xie, Y. (2024). Study of the internal mechanism of attention focus affecting countermovement jump performance based on muscle synergy theory. PLoS One, 19(7), e0306049. 10.1371\/journal.pone.0306049"},{"issue":"1","key":"r34","series-title":"Scientific Reports,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8266","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-65257-w","article-title":"Non-negative matrix factorisation is the most appropriate method for extraction of muscle synergies in walking and running","volume":"10","author":"Rabbi, M.F.","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rabbi, M.F., Pizzolato, C., Lloyd, D.G., Carty, C.P., Devaprakash, D., & Diamond, L.E. (2020). Non-negative matrix factorisation is the most appropriate method for extraction of muscle synergies in walking and running. Scientific Reports, 10(1), 8266. 10.1038\/s41598-020-65257-w"},{"issue":"6","key":"r35","series-title":"Journal of Neurophysiology,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3359","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00758.2015","article-title":"Long-term training modifies the modular structure and organization of walking balance control","volume":"114","author":"Sawers, A.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sawers, A., Allen, J.L., & Ting, L.H. (2015). Long-term training modifies the modular structure and organization of walking balance control. Journal of Neurophysiology, 114(6), 3359\u20133373. 10.1152\/jn.00758.2015"},{"issue":"4","key":"r36","series-title":"Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2015.04.011","article-title":"Residual force enhancement in humans: Current evidence and unresolved issues","volume":"25","author":"Seiberl, W.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Seiberl, W., Power, G.A., & Hahn, D. (2015). Residual force enhancement in humans: Current evidence and unresolved issues. Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology, 25(4), 571\u2013580. 10.1016\/j.jelekin.2015.04.011"},{"issue":"2","key":"r37","series-title":"Medicine,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e47084","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000047084","article-title":"Multi-joint isokinetic strength profiling as a predictor of vertical jump performance in elite freestyle wrestlers: A cross-sectional principal component analysis","volume":"105","author":"Sever, O.","year":"2026","unstructured":"Sever, O., Ceylan, H.\u0130., Dhahbi, W., Yilmaz, H.H., \u00d6zdemir, K., Yazici, A.G., Jalalov, F., G\u00fcnay, A.R., Bayrakdaro\u011flu, S., & Stefanica, V. (2026). Multi-joint isokinetic strength profiling as a predictor of vertical jump performance in elite freestyle wrestlers: A cross-sectional principal component analysis. Medicine, 105(2), e47084. 10.1097\/MD.0000000000047084"},{"issue":"3","key":"r38","series-title":"Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"972","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.13027","article-title":"Effects of wobble board training on single\u2010leg landing neuromechanics","volume":"28","author":"Silva, P.B.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Silva, P.B., Oliveira, A.S., Mrachacz\u2010Kersting, N., & Kersting, U.G. (2018). Effects of wobble board training on single\u2010leg landing neuromechanics. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 28(3), 972\u2013982. 10.1111\/sms.13027"},{"key":"r39","series-title":"Applied Bionics and Biomechanics,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/3615368","article-title":"A systematic review on muscle synergies: From building blocks of motor behavior to a neurorehabilitation tool","volume":"2018","author":"Singh, R.E.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Singh, R.E., Iqbal, K., White, G., & Hutchinson, T.E. (2018). A systematic review on muscle synergies: From building blocks of motor behavior to a neurorehabilitation tool. Applied Bionics and Biomechanics, 2018, 1\u201315. 10.1155\/2018\/3615368"},{"key":"r40","series-title":"Frontiers in Sports and Active Living,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1596670","DOI":"10.3389\/fspor.2025.1596670","article-title":"Muscle synergy analysis during badminton forehand overhead smash: Integrating electromyography and musculoskeletal modeling","volume":"7","author":"Tajik, R.","year":"2025","unstructured":"Tajik, R., Dhahbi, W., Fadaei, H., & Mimar, R. (2025). Muscle synergy analysis during badminton forehand overhead smash: Integrating electromyography and musculoskeletal modeling. Frontiers in Sports and Active Living, 7, 1596670. 10.3389\/fspor.2025.1596670"},{"issue":"7","key":"r41","series-title":"Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2011","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000001913","article-title":"The difference between countermovement and squat jump performances: A review of underlying mechanisms with practical applications","volume":"31","author":"Van Hooren, B.","year":"2017","unstructured":"Van Hooren, B., & Zolotarjova, J. (2017). The difference between countermovement and squat jump performances: A review of underlying mechanisms with practical applications. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 31(7), 2011\u20132020. 10.1519\/JSC.0000000000001913"},{"issue":"1","key":"r42","series-title":"Scientific Reports,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2300","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-20387-0","article-title":"Movement strategies for countermovement jumping are potentially influenced by elastic energy stored and released from tendons","volume":"8","author":"Wade, L.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wade, L., Lichtwark, G., & Farris, D.J. (2018). Movement strategies for countermovement jumping are potentially influenced by elastic energy stored and released from tendons. Scientific Reports, 8(1), 2300. 10.1038\/s41598-018-20387-0"},{"issue":"3","key":"r43","series-title":"Journal of Applied Physiology,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00293.2019","article-title":"Joint and muscle-tendon coordination strategies during submaximal jumping","volume":"128","author":"Wade, L.","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wade, L., Lichtwark, G.A., & Farris, D.J. (2020). Joint and muscle-tendon coordination strategies during submaximal jumping. Journal of Applied Physiology, 128(3), 596\u2013603. 10.1152\/japplphysiol.00293.2019"},{"issue":"2","key":"r44","series-title":"Journal of Sports Science and Medicine,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.52082\/jssm.2026.327","article-title":"Comparative effects of sand- and grass-based repeated-sprint training on aerobic and anaerobic performance in soccer players","volume":"25","author":"Yan, H.","year":"2026","unstructured":"Yan, H., Zhai, H., Wang, T., Wang, D., & Wei, H. (2026). Comparative effects of sand- and grass-based repeated-sprint training on aerobic and anaerobic performance in soccer players. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 25(2), 327\u2013338. 10.52082\/jssm.2026.327"},{"issue":"10","key":"r45","series-title":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2118","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSRE.2019.2939193","article-title":"Temporal features of muscle synergies in sit-to-stand motion reflect the motor impairment of post-stroke patients","volume":"27","author":"Yang, N.","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yang, N., An, Q., Kogami, H., Yamakawa, H., Tamura, Y., Takahashi, K., Kinomoto, M., Yamasaki, H., Itkonen, M., Shibata-Alnajjar, F., Shimoda, S., Hattori, N., Fujii, T., Otomune, H., Miyai, I., Yamashita, A., & Asama, H. (2019). Temporal features of muscle synergies in sit-to-stand motion reflect the motor impairment of post-stroke patients. IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering, 27(10), 2118\u20132127. 10.1109\/TNSRE.2019.2939193"},{"key":"r46","series-title":"Frontiers in Neuroscience,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1042","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2018.01042","article-title":"Visual and vestibular inputs affect muscle synergies responsible for body extension and stabilization in sit-to-stand motion","volume":"12","author":"Yoshida, K.","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yoshida, K., An, Q., Yozu, A., Chiba, R., Takakusaki, K., Yamakawa, H., Tamura, Y., Yamashita, A., & Asama, H. (2019). Visual and vestibular inputs affect muscle synergies responsible for body extension and stabilization in sit-to-stand motion. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 12, 1042. 10.3389\/fnins.2018.01042"},{"issue":"1","key":"r47","series-title":"Biology of Sport,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.5114\/biolsport.2026.158671","article-title":"Morning priming exercises for explosive performance: Time course effects of two-way ballistic and strength-based protocols","volume":"43","author":"Zeng, Y.","year":"2026","unstructured":"Zeng, Y., Wu, T., Lin, J., Li, W., Gastin, P., & Girard, O. (2026). Morning priming exercises for explosive performance: Time course effects of two-way ballistic and strength-based protocols. Biology of Sport, 43(1), 815\u2013827. 10.5114\/biolsport.2026.158671"},{"issue":"2","key":"r48","series-title":"European Journal of Sport Science,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1002\/ejsc.12064","article-title":"Effects of external limb compression and\/or low\u2010load resistance exercise on post\u2010activation performance enhancement during countermovement jumps","volume":"24","author":"Zheng, Z.","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zheng, Z., Wang, Y., Wei, H., Zhang, J., Yan, B., & Girard, O. (2024). Effects of external limb compression and\/or low\u2010load resistance exercise on post\u2010activation performance enhancement during countermovement jumps. European Journal of Sport Science, 24(2), 249\u2013258. 10.1002\/ejsc.12064"},{"issue":"1","key":"r1","series-title":"Life,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.3390\/life13010190","article-title":"Assessment of countermovement jump: what should we report?","volume":"13","author":"Anicic, Z.","year":"2023","unstructured":"Anicic, Z., Janicijevic, D., Knezevic, O.M., Garcia-Ramos, A., Petrovic, M.R., Cabarkapa, D., & Mirkov, D.M. (2023). Assessment of countermovement jump: what should we report? Life, 13(1), 190. 10.3390\/life13010190"},{"issue":"6","key":"r2","series-title":"Applied Sciences,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1987","DOI":"10.3390\/app10061987","article-title":"Age-related differences in muscle synergy organization during step ascent at different heights and directions","volume":"10","author":"Baggen, R.J.","year":"2020","unstructured":"Baggen, R.J., Van Die\u00ebn, J.H`., Van Roie, E., Verschueren, S.M., Giarmatzis, G., Delecluse, C., & Dominici, N. (2020). Age-related differences in muscle synergy organization during step ascent at different heights and directions. Applied Sciences, 10(6), 1987. 10.3390\/app10061987"},{"issue":"1","key":"r3","series-title":"Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000002160","article-title":"Relationships between countermovement jump ground reaction forces and jump height, reactive strength index, and jump time","volume":"32","author":"Barker, L.A.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Barker, L.A., Harry, J.R., & Mercer, J.A. (2018). Relationships between countermovement jump ground reaction forces and jump height, reactive strength index, and jump time. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 32(1), 248\u2013254. 10.1519\/JSC.0000000000002160"},{"issue":"3","key":"r4","series-title":"Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1249\/01.MSS.0000155389.34538.97","article-title":"Is the effect of a countermovement on jump height due to active state development?","volume":"37","author":"Bobbert, M.F.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Bobbert, M.F., & Casius, L.J.R. (2005). Is the effect of a countermovement on jump height due to active state development? Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 37(3), 440\u2013446. 10.1249\/01.MSS.0000155389.34538.97"},{"issue":"8","key":"r5","series-title":"Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise,","first-page":"1012","article-title":"Effects of muscle strengthening on vertical jump height: A simulation study","volume":"26","author":"Bobbert, M.F.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Bobbert, M.F., & Van Soest, A.J. (1994). Effects of muscle strengthening on vertical jump height: A simulation study. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 26(8),\u00a01012\u20131020. https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/acsm-msse\/fulltext\/1994\/08000\/effects_of_muscle_strengthening_on_vertical_jump.13.aspx"},{"issue":"2","key":"r6","series-title":"Biological Cybernetics,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1007\/s004220050547","article-title":"Sensitivity of vertical jumping performance to changes in muscle stimulation onset times: A simulation study","volume":"81","author":"Bobbert, M.F.","year":"1999","unstructured":"Bobbert, M.F., & Van Zandwijk, J.P. (1999). Sensitivity of vertical jumping performance to changes in muscle stimulation onset times: A simulation study. Biological Cybernetics, 81(2), 101\u2013108. 10.1007\/s004220050547"},{"key":"r7","series-title":"Ageing Research Reviews,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102933","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102933","article-title":"The effects of eccentric versus traditional resistance training on muscle strength, power, hypertrophy, and functional performance in older adults: A systematic review with multilevel meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"113","author":"Chaabene, H.","year":"2026","unstructured":"Chaabene, H., M\u00fcller, P., Dhahbi, W., K\u00f6nigstein, K., Taubert, M., Markov, A., & Lehmann, N. (2026). The effects of eccentric versus traditional resistance training on muscle strength, power, hypertrophy, and functional performance in older adults: A systematic review with multilevel meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Ageing Research Reviews, 113, 102933. 10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102933"},{"issue":"23","key":"r8","series-title":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16176","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph192316176","article-title":"Using the countermovement jump metrics to assess dynamic eccentric strength: A preliminary study","volume":"19","author":"Chang, C.-C.","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chang, C.-C., & Chiang, C.-Y. (2022). Using the countermovement jump metrics to assess dynamic eccentric strength: A preliminary study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(23), 16176. 10.3390\/ijerph192316176"},{"issue":"2","key":"r9","series-title":"Strength & Conditioning Journal,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1519\/SSC.0000000000000353","article-title":"Force-time characteristics of the countermovement jump: Analyzing the curve in excel","volume":"40","author":"Chavda, S.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chavda, S., Bromley, T., Jarvis, P., Williams, S., Bishop, C., Turner, A.N., Lake, J.P., & Mundy, P.D. (2018). Force-time characteristics of the countermovement jump: Analyzing the curve in excel. Strength & Conditioning Journal, 40(2), 67\u201377. 10.1519\/SSC.0000000000000353"},{"issue":"9","key":"r10","series-title":"Mathematical Biosciences and Engineering,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16033","DOI":"10.3934\/mbe.2023715","article-title":"Kinematic analysis of countermovement jump performance in response to immediate neuromuscular electrical stimulation","volume":"20","author":"Chen, C.-F.","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chen, C.-F., Wang, S.-F., Shen, X.-X., Liu, L., & Wu, H.-J. (2023). Kinematic analysis of countermovement jump performance in response to immediate neuromuscular electrical stimulation. Mathematical Biosciences and Engineering, 20(9), 16033\u201316044. 10.3934\/mbe.2023715"},{"issue":"8","key":"r11","series-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3076","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0500199102","article-title":"Shared and specific muscle synergies in natural motor behaviors","volume":"102","author":"d\u2019Avella, A.","year":"2005","unstructured":"d\u2019Avella, A., & Bizzi, E. (2005). Shared and specific muscle synergies in natural motor behaviors. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 102(8), 3076\u20133081. 10.1073\/pnas.0500199102"},{"issue":"3","key":"r12","series-title":"Nature Neuroscience,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1010","article-title":"Combinations of muscle synergies in the construction of a natural motor behavior","volume":"6","author":"d\u2019Avella, A.","year":"2003","unstructured":"d\u2019Avella, A., Saltiel, P., & Bizzi, E. (2003). Combinations of muscle synergies in the construction of a natural motor behavior. Nature Neuroscience, 6(3), 300\u2013308. 10.1038\/nn1010"},{"key":"r13","series-title":"Frontiers in Sports and Active Living,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1556024","DOI":"10.3389\/fspor.2025.1556024","article-title":"Editorial: Advancing biomechanics: Enhancing sports performance, mitigating injury risks, and optimizing athlete rehabilitation","volume":"7","author":"Dhahbi, W.","year":"2025","unstructured":"Dhahbi, W. (2025). Editorial: Advancing biomechanics: Enhancing sports performance, mitigating injury risks, and optimizing athlete rehabilitation. Frontiers in Sports and Active Living, 7, 1556024. 10.3389\/fspor.2025.1556024"},{"issue":"1","key":"r14","series-title":"Sports Medicine - Open,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1186\/s40798-025-00857-2","article-title":"Physical activity to counter age-related cognitive decline: Benefits of aerobic, resistance, and combined training\u2014A narrative review","volume":"11","author":"Dhahbi, W.","year":"2025","unstructured":"Dhahbi, W., Briki, W., Heissel, A., Schega, L., Dergaa, I., Guelmami, N., Omri, A.E., & Chaabene, H. (2025). Physical activity to counter age-related cognitive decline: Benefits of aerobic, resistance, and combined training\u2014A narrative review. Sports Medicine - Open, 11(1), 56. 10.1186\/s40798-025-00857-2"},{"issue":"4","key":"r15","series-title":"Biology of Sport,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.5114\/biolsport.2025.148544","article-title":"Rethinking knee injury prevention strategies: Joint-by-joint training approach paradigm versus traditional focused knee strengthening","volume":"42","author":"Dhahbi, W.","year":"2025","unstructured":"Dhahbi, W., Materne, O., & Chamari, K. (2025). Rethinking knee injury prevention strategies: Joint-by-joint training approach paradigm versus traditional focused knee strengthening. Biology of Sport, 42(4), 59\u201365. 10.5114\/biolsport.2025.148544"},{"issue":"9","key":"r16","series-title":"Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2352","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e3181aff2cc","article-title":"Influence of initial foot dorsal flexion on vertical jump and running performance","volume":"24","author":"Faiss, R.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Faiss, R., Terrier, P., Praz, M., Fuchslocher, J., Gobelet, C., & Deriaz, O. (2010). Influence of initial foot dorsal flexion on vertical jump and running performance. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 24(9), 2352\u20132357. 10.1519\/JSC.0b013e3181aff2cc"},{"issue":"2","key":"r17","series-title":"Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2023.11.001","article-title":"Support moment distribution during the back squat at different depths and loads in recreationally trained females","volume":"27","author":"Goodman, W.","year":"2024","unstructured":"Goodman, W., Flores, V., Cotter, J.A., Graham, D., & Becker, J. (2024). Support moment distribution during the back squat at different depths and loads in recreationally trained females. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 27(2), 119\u2013124. 10.1016\/j.jsams.2023.11.001"},{"issue":"5","key":"r18","series-title":"Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1016\/S1050-6411(00)00027-4","article-title":"Development of recommendations for SEMG sensors and sensor placement procedures","volume":"10","author":"Hermens, H.J.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Hermens, H.J., Freriks, B., Disselhorst-Klug, C., & Rau, G. (2000). Development of recommendations for SEMG sensors and sensor placement procedures. Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology, 10(5), 361\u2013374. 10.1016\/S1050-6411(00)00027-4"},{"issue":"4","key":"r19","series-title":"Human Movement Science,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humov.2011.10.001","article-title":"The effect of strength training, recreational soccer and running exercise on stretch\u2013shortening cycle muscle performance during countermovement jumping","volume":"31","author":"Jakobsen, M.D.","year":"2012","unstructured":"Jakobsen, M.D., Sundstrup, E., Randers, M.B., Kj\u00e6r, M., Andersen, L.L., Krustrup, P., & Aagaard, P. (2012). The effect of strength training, recreational soccer and running exercise on stretch\u2013shortening cycle muscle performance during countermovement jumping. Human Movement Science, 31(4), 970\u2013986. 10.1016\/j.humov.2011.10.001"},{"issue":"2","key":"r20","series-title":"Journal of Sports Science and Medicine,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.52082\/jssm.2023.189","article-title":"Joint coordination and muscle-tendon interaction differ depending on the level of jumping performance","volume":"22","author":"Jo, I.","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jo, I., & Lee, H.-D. (2023). Joint coordination and muscle-tendon interaction differ depending on the level of jumping performance. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 22(2), 189\u2013195. 10.52082\/jssm.2023.189"},{"issue":"3","key":"r49","series-title":"Journal of Capital University of Physical Education and Sports,","first-page":"342","article-title":"A comparative study on muscular work characteristics of Chinese elite trampoline athletes in two kinds of jumping conditions: Based on countermovement jump and vertical jump on net","volume":"34","author":"Kai, L.","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kai, L., Jun, Y., Chunlong, L., & Benyu, F. (2022). A comparative study on muscular work characteristics of Chinese elite trampoline athletes in two kinds of jumping conditions: Based on countermovement jump and vertical jump on net. Journal of Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, 34(3), 342\u2013347."},{"issue":"2","key":"r21","series-title":"Journal of Athletic Training,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-74-21","article-title":"Muscle synergies in people with chronic ankle instability during anticipated and unanticipated landing-cutting tasks","volume":"58","author":"Kim, H.","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kim, H., Palmieri-Smith, R., & Kipp, K. (2023). Muscle synergies in people with chronic ankle instability during anticipated and unanticipated landing-cutting tasks. Journal of Athletic Training, 58(2), 143\u2013152. 10.4085\/1062-6050-74-21"},{"issue":"2","key":"r22","series-title":"Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000003874","article-title":"Muscle-specific contributions to lower extremity net joint moments while squatting with different external loads","volume":"36","author":"Kipp, K.","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kipp, K., Kim, H., & Wolf, W.I. (2022). Muscle-specific contributions to lower extremity net joint moments while squatting with different external loads. Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 36(2), 324\u2013331. 10.1519\/JSC.0000000000003874"},{"issue":"21","key":"r23","series-title":"Physiological Reports,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e15073","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.15073","article-title":"Effects of plyometric training on muscle\u2013tendon mechanical properties and behavior of fascicles during jumping","volume":"9","author":"Kubo, K.","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kubo, K., Ikebukuro, T., & Yata, H. (2021). Effects of plyometric training on muscle\u2013tendon mechanical properties and behavior of fascicles during jumping. Physiological Reports, 9(21),\u00a0e15073. 10.14814\/phy2.15073"},{"issue":"4","key":"r24","series-title":"Experimental Brain Research,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1007\/s002210050925","article-title":"Anticipatory postural adjustments are associated with single vertical jump and their timing is predictive of jump amplitude","volume":"129","author":"Le Pellec, A.","year":"1999","unstructured":"Le Pellec, A., & Maton, B. (1999). Anticipatory postural adjustments are associated with single vertical jump and their timing is predictive of jump amplitude. Experimental Brain Research, 129(4), 551\u2013558. 10.1007\/s002210050925"},{"issue":"3","key":"r25","series-title":"Neuroscience Letters,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(02)00129-5","article-title":"Initiation of a vertical jump: The human body\u2019s upward propulsion depends on control of forward equilibrium","volume":"323","author":"Le Pellec, A.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Le Pellec, A., & Maton, B. (2002). Initiation of a vertical jump: The human body\u2019s upward propulsion depends on control of forward equilibrium. Neuroscience Letters, 323(3), 183\u2013186. 10.1016\/S0304-3940(02)00129-5"},{"key":"r26","series-title":"Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S53","DOI":"10.1016\/S0303-8467(15)30013-5","article-title":"Within-session acquisition of anticipatory postural adjustments during forward reaching task","volume":"129","author":"Liu, W.-Y.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Liu, W.-Y., Lin, Y.-H., Lien, H.-Y., Hsu, L.-Y., Tsai, Y.-J., Liao, C.-F., & Tang, S.F.-T. (2015). Within-session acquisition of anticipatory postural adjustments during forward reaching task. Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery, 129, S53\u2013S57. 10.1016\/S0303-8467(15)30013-5"},{"key":"r27","series-title":"MethodsX,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100964","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mex.2020.100964","article-title":"A comprehensive method for assessing postural control during dynamic balance testing","volume":"7","author":"Mandalidis, D.G.","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mandalidis, D.G., & Karagiannakis, D.N. (2020). A comprehensive method for assessing postural control during dynamic balance testing. MethodsX, 7, 100964. 10.1016\/j.mex.2020.100964"},{"issue":"2","key":"r28","series-title":"International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2021-0451","article-title":"Defining training and performance caliber: A participant classification framework","volume":"17","author":"McKay, A.K.A.","year":"2022","unstructured":"McKay, A.K.A., Stellingwerff, T., Smith, E.S., Martin, D.T., Mujika, I., Goosey-Tolfrey, V.L., Sheppard, J., & Burke, L.M. (2022). Defining training and performance caliber: A participant classification framework. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 17(2), 317\u2013331. 10.1123\/ijspp.2021-0451"},{"issue":"1","key":"r29","series-title":"Psychological Research,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1007\/s00426-002-0093-6","article-title":"Increasing the distance of an external focus of attention enhances learning","volume":"67","author":"McNevin, N.H.","year":"2003","unstructured":"McNevin, N.H., Shea, C.H., & Wulf, G. (2003). Increasing the distance of an external focus of attention enhances learning. Psychological Research, 67(1), 22\u201329. 10.1007\/s00426-002-0093-6"},{"issue":"4","key":"r30","series-title":"Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1164","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e3181c699b9","article-title":"The effect of three different start thresholds on the kinematics and kinetics of a countermovement jump","volume":"25","author":"Meylan, C.M.P.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Meylan, C.M.P., Nosaka, K., Green, J., & Cronin, J.B. (2011). The effect of three different start thresholds on the kinematics and kinetics of a countermovement jump. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 25(4), 1164\u20131167. 10.1519\/JSC.0b013e3181c699b9"},{"issue":"1","key":"r31","series-title":"BioMedical Engineering OnLine,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-925X-6-20","article-title":"Optimal coordination of maximal-effort horizontal and vertical jump motions\u2014A computer simulation study","volume":"6","author":"Nagano, A.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Nagano, A., Komura, T., & Fukashiro, S. (2007). Optimal coordination of maximal-effort horizontal and vertical jump motions\u2014A computer simulation study. BioMedical Engineering OnLine, 6(1), 20. 10.1186\/1475-925X-6-20"},{"issue":"6","key":"r32","series-title":"Sports,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.3390\/sports10060086","article-title":"Relationship of vertical jump performance and ankle joint range of motion: Effect of knee joint angle and handedness in young adult handball players","volume":"10","author":"Panoutsakopoulos, V.","year":"2022","unstructured":"Panoutsakopoulos, V., Kotzamanidou, M.C., Giannakos, A.K., & Kollias, I.A. (2022). Relationship of vertical jump performance and ankle joint range of motion: Effect of knee joint angle and handedness in young adult handball players. Sports, 10(6), 86. 10.3390\/sports10060086"},{"issue":"7","key":"r33","series-title":"PLoS One,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0306049","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0306049","article-title":"Study of the internal mechanism of attention focus affecting countermovement jump performance based on muscle synergy theory","volume":"19","author":"Peng, F.","year":"2024","unstructured":"Peng, F., Wang, D., Zhang, Y., & Xie, Y. (2024). Study of the internal mechanism of attention focus affecting countermovement jump performance based on muscle synergy theory. PLoS One, 19(7), e0306049. 10.1371\/journal.pone.0306049"},{"issue":"1","key":"r34","series-title":"Scientific Reports,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8266","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-65257-w","article-title":"Non-negative matrix factorisation is the most appropriate method for extraction of muscle synergies in walking and running","volume":"10","author":"Rabbi, M.F.","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rabbi, M.F., Pizzolato, C., Lloyd, D.G., Carty, C.P., Devaprakash, D., & Diamond, L.E. (2020). Non-negative matrix factorisation is the most appropriate method for extraction of muscle synergies in walking and running. Scientific Reports, 10(1), 8266. 10.1038\/s41598-020-65257-w"},{"issue":"6","key":"r35","series-title":"Journal of Neurophysiology,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3359","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00758.2015","article-title":"Long-term training modifies the modular structure and organization of walking balance control","volume":"114","author":"Sawers, A.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sawers, A., Allen, J.L., & Ting, L.H. (2015). Long-term training modifies the modular structure and organization of walking balance control. Journal of Neurophysiology, 114(6), 3359\u20133373. 10.1152\/jn.00758.2015"},{"issue":"4","key":"r36","series-title":"Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2015.04.011","article-title":"Residual force enhancement in humans: Current evidence and unresolved issues","volume":"25","author":"Seiberl, W.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Seiberl, W., Power, G.A., & Hahn, D. (2015). Residual force enhancement in humans: Current evidence and unresolved issues. Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology, 25(4), 571\u2013580. 10.1016\/j.jelekin.2015.04.011"},{"issue":"2","key":"r37","series-title":"Medicine,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e47084","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000047084","article-title":"Multi-joint isokinetic strength profiling as a predictor of vertical jump performance in elite freestyle wrestlers: A cross-sectional principal component analysis","volume":"105","author":"Sever, O.","year":"2026","unstructured":"Sever, O., Ceylan, H.\u0130., Dhahbi, W., Yilmaz, H.H., \u00d6zdemir, K., Yazici, A.G., Jalalov, F., G\u00fcnay, A.R., Bayrakdaro\u011flu, S., & Stefanica, V. (2026). Multi-joint isokinetic strength profiling as a predictor of vertical jump performance in elite freestyle wrestlers: A cross-sectional principal component analysis. Medicine, 105(2), e47084. 10.1097\/MD.0000000000047084"},{"issue":"3","key":"r38","series-title":"Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"972","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.13027","article-title":"Effects of wobble board training on single\u2010leg landing neuromechanics","volume":"28","author":"Silva, P.B.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Silva, P.B., Oliveira, A.S., Mrachacz\u2010Kersting, N., & Kersting, U.G. (2018). Effects of wobble board training on single\u2010leg landing neuromechanics. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 28(3), 972\u2013982. 10.1111\/sms.13027"},{"key":"r39","series-title":"Applied Bionics and Biomechanics,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/3615368","article-title":"A systematic review on muscle synergies: From building blocks of motor behavior to a neurorehabilitation tool","volume":"2018","author":"Singh, R.E.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Singh, R.E., Iqbal, K., White, G., & Hutchinson, T.E. (2018). A systematic review on muscle synergies: From building blocks of motor behavior to a neurorehabilitation tool. Applied Bionics and Biomechanics, 2018, 1\u201315. 10.1155\/2018\/3615368"},{"key":"r40","series-title":"Frontiers in Sports and Active Living,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1596670","DOI":"10.3389\/fspor.2025.1596670","article-title":"Muscle synergy analysis during badminton forehand overhead smash: Integrating electromyography and musculoskeletal modeling","volume":"7","author":"Tajik, R.","year":"2025","unstructured":"Tajik, R., Dhahbi, W., Fadaei, H., & Mimar, R. (2025). Muscle synergy analysis during badminton forehand overhead smash: Integrating electromyography and musculoskeletal modeling. Frontiers in Sports and Active Living, 7, 1596670. 10.3389\/fspor.2025.1596670"},{"issue":"7","key":"r41","series-title":"Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2011","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000001913","article-title":"The difference between countermovement and squat jump performances: A review of underlying mechanisms with practical applications","volume":"31","author":"Van Hooren, B.","year":"2017","unstructured":"Van Hooren, B., & Zolotarjova, J. (2017). The difference between countermovement and squat jump performances: A review of underlying mechanisms with practical applications. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 31(7), 2011\u20132020. 10.1519\/JSC.0000000000001913"},{"issue":"1","key":"r42","series-title":"Scientific Reports,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2300","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-20387-0","article-title":"Movement strategies for countermovement jumping are potentially influenced by elastic energy stored and released from tendons","volume":"8","author":"Wade, L.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wade, L., Lichtwark, G., & Farris, D.J. (2018). Movement strategies for countermovement jumping are potentially influenced by elastic energy stored and released from tendons. Scientific Reports, 8(1), 2300. 10.1038\/s41598-018-20387-0"},{"issue":"3","key":"r43","series-title":"Journal of Applied Physiology,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00293.2019","article-title":"Joint and muscle-tendon coordination strategies during submaximal jumping","volume":"128","author":"Wade, L.","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wade, L., Lichtwark, G.A., & Farris, D.J. (2020). Joint and muscle-tendon coordination strategies during submaximal jumping. Journal of Applied Physiology, 128(3), 596\u2013603. 10.1152\/japplphysiol.00293.2019"},{"issue":"2","key":"r44","series-title":"Journal of Sports Science and Medicine,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.52082\/jssm.2026.327","article-title":"Comparative effects of sand- and grass-based repeated-sprint training on aerobic and anaerobic performance in soccer players","volume":"25","author":"Yan, H.","year":"2026","unstructured":"Yan, H., Zhai, H., Wang, T., Wang, D., & Wei, H. (2026). Comparative effects of sand- and grass-based repeated-sprint training on aerobic and anaerobic performance in soccer players. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 25(2), 327\u2013338. 10.52082\/jssm.2026.327"},{"issue":"10","key":"r45","series-title":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2118","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSRE.2019.2939193","article-title":"Temporal features of muscle synergies in sit-to-stand motion reflect the motor impairment of post-stroke patients","volume":"27","author":"Yang, N.","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yang, N., An, Q., Kogami, H., Yamakawa, H., Tamura, Y., Takahashi, K., Kinomoto, M., Yamasaki, H., Itkonen, M., Shibata-Alnajjar, F., Shimoda, S., Hattori, N., Fujii, T., Otomune, H., Miyai, I., Yamashita, A., & Asama, H. (2019). Temporal features of muscle synergies in sit-to-stand motion reflect the motor impairment of post-stroke patients. IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering, 27(10), 2118\u20132127. 10.1109\/TNSRE.2019.2939193"},{"key":"r46","series-title":"Frontiers in Neuroscience,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1042","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2018.01042","article-title":"Visual and vestibular inputs affect muscle synergies responsible for body extension and stabilization in sit-to-stand motion","volume":"12","author":"Yoshida, K.","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yoshida, K., An, Q., Yozu, A., Chiba, R., Takakusaki, K., Yamakawa, H., Tamura, Y., Yamashita, A., & Asama, H. (2019). Visual and vestibular inputs affect muscle synergies responsible for body extension and stabilization in sit-to-stand motion. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 12, 1042. 10.3389\/fnins.2018.01042"},{"issue":"1","key":"r47","series-title":"Biology of Sport,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.5114\/biolsport.2026.158671","article-title":"Morning priming exercises for explosive performance: Time course effects of two-way ballistic and strength-based protocols","volume":"43","author":"Zeng, Y.","year":"2026","unstructured":"Zeng, Y., Wu, T., Lin, J., Li, W., Gastin, P., & Girard, O. (2026). Morning priming exercises for explosive performance: Time course effects of two-way ballistic and strength-based protocols. Biology of Sport, 43(1), 815\u2013827. 10.5114\/biolsport.2026.158671"},{"issue":"2","key":"r48","series-title":"European Journal of Sport Science,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1002\/ejsc.12064","article-title":"Effects of external limb compression and\/or low\u2010load resistance exercise on post\u2010activation performance enhancement during countermovement jumps","volume":"24","author":"Zheng, Z.","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zheng, Z., Wang, Y., Wei, H., Zhang, J., Yan, B., & Girard, O. (2024). Effects of external limb compression and\/or low\u2010load resistance exercise on post\u2010activation performance enhancement during countermovement jumps. European Journal of Sport Science, 24(2), 249\u2013258. 10.1002\/ejsc.12064"}],"container-title":["Motor Control"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.humankinetics.com\/view\/journals\/mcj\/30\/3\/article-p259.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.humankinetics.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/mcj\/30\/3\/article-p259.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.humankinetics.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/mcj\/30\/3\/article-p259.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T16:10:10Z","timestamp":1782403810000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.humankinetics.com\/view\/journals\/mcj\/30\/3\/article-p259.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]]},"references-count":98,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1123\/mc.2025-0060","relation":{},"ISSN":["1087-1640","1543-2696"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1087-1640","type":"print"},{"value":"1543-2696","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]]}}}