{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T23:58:17Z","timestamp":1790639897232,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Human Kinetics","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Unaccustomed eccentric exercise has been shown to lead to muscle damage. Previous research suggests that fatigue reduces the complexity of muscle force output. However, previous research has not investigated whether the force complexity response to fatigue is affected by eccentric exercise. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of eccentric exercise and a subsequent fatiguing task on force variability and complexity.\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      <jats:bold>Methods<\/jats:bold>\n                      :\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    Twelve individuals (six females) participated in the study. The participants performed eccentric exercise consisting of six sets of 10 repetitions of the knee extensors to elicit muscle damage. Before and 48\u00a0hr after eccentric exercise, the participants were assessed for maximal voluntary contraction and performed a sustained isometric time to task failure protocol at 25% of maximal voluntary contraction. Force variability was assessed in the first 10\u00a0s (Fresh) and last 10\u00a0s (End-Task) of the time to task failure via standard deviation, coefficient of variation, detrended fluctuation analysis, sample entropy, and multiscale sample entropy.\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      <jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\n                      :\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    Maximal voluntary contraction (532.67\u2009\u00b1\u2009177.49\u00a0N vs. 448.54\u2009\u00b1\u2009186.92\u00a0N,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u2009.001) and time to task failure (197.10\u2009\u00b1\u200944.81\u00a0s vs. 157.70\u2009\u00b1\u200962.52\u00a0s,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009.031) were reduced after eccentric exercise. There were no differences in force variability following eccentric exercise at either the Fresh or End-Task time points. Force complexity was reduced at both Fresh (detrended fluctuation analysis: 1.37\u2009\u00b1\u20090.18 vs. 1.47\u2009\u00b1\u20090.21; sample entropy: 0.88\u2009\u00b1\u20090.27 vs. 0.71\u2009\u00b1\u20090.027) and End-Task (sample entropy: 0.63\u2009\u00b1\u20090.17 vs. 0.53\u2009\u00b1\u20090.15), following eccentric exercise compared with the pre-eccentric exercise condition.\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      <jats:bold>Conclusions<\/jats:bold>\n                      :\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    Reductions in force complexity, but not force variability, were observed following eccentric exercise. These changes are thought to be due to changes in motor control strategies to compensate for damaged tissue.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1123\/mc.2025-0108","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T02:12:14Z","timestamp":1790129534000},"page":"328-347","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Reduction in Force Complexity Following Eccentric Exercise That Elicits Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage"],"prefix":"10.1123","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9834-3698","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Grant A.","family":"Chesbro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health & Exercise Science, The University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5791-6883","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jessica","family":"Peterson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health & Exercise Science, The University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA"},{"name":"Department of Kinesiology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, USA"},{"name":"North Florida Foundation for Research and Education, Malcom Randall Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Gainesville, FL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9883-7578","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Rebecca D.","family":"Larson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health & Exercise Science, The University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2662-8341","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Christopher D.","family":"Black","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health & Exercise Science, The University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"100","reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"r1","series-title":"Pain Medicine,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2422","DOI":"10.1093\/pm\/pnw077","article-title":"Local and generalized endogenous pain modulation in healthy men: Effects of exercise and exercise-induced muscle damage","volume":"17","author":"Black, C.D.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Black, C.D., Tynes, B.K., Gonglach, A.R., & Waddell, D.E. 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