{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T16:30:47Z","timestamp":1793637047933,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Human Kinetics","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      <jats:bold>Purpose<\/jats:bold>\n                      :\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    To compare the sleep behavior, cortisol, and immunoglobulin A responses between 2 conditions; an experimental condition consisting of 2 consecutive weeks of school and training commitments with low- and high-load training and a 3-day control condition without school and training obligations.\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      <jats:bold>Methods<\/jats:bold>\n                      :\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    Objective sleep characteristics were monitored using ActiGraphy in 11 female water polo athletes (age: 12.9 [1.2]\u00a0y) during both conditions. In the experimental condition, a low-load training week was followed by a high-load training week. Salivary cortisol and immunoglobulin-A were measured before training.\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      <jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\n                      :\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    Sleep duration was lower and awakenings were fewer in experimental condition compared to control condition (duration: 464.1 [20.6] vs 501.3 [85.0]\u00a0min,\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009.02,\n                    <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.66; awakenings: 17.4 [8.4] vs 21.1 [10.2],\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009.02,\n                    <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.71). Sleep characteristics were similar between training conditions; however, variability in time in bed and total sleep time was lower during high- (12.34% [6.46%] and 13.32% [7.59%]) than low-load training (16.30% [7.43%] and 17.32% [5.50%]) (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u2009.01,\n                    <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20091.12 and\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009.04,\n                    <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.70). Salivary cortisol and immunoglobulin-A levels were higher during high-load than low-load training (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u2009.01,\n                    <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20091.02 and\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u2009.01,\n                    <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20091.38).\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      <jats:bold>Conclusions<\/jats:bold>\n                      :\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    School and sports training commitments reduce sleep duration but improve sleep quality in adolescent water polo athletes, while high-load training reduces sleep variability and increases allostatic load without altering sleep characteristics.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1123\/pes.2024-0183","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T11:29:12Z","timestamp":1778758152000},"page":"446-453","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effects of Training Load on Sleep Characteristics, Hormonal, and Immune Responses of Adolescent Female Water Polo Athletes"],"prefix":"10.1123","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Isidora","family":"Krimizi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physical Education and Sports Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2040-354X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Argyris","family":"Toubekis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physical Education and Sports Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece"},{"name":"Institute for Sports Performance, Biorhythms, and Environment, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0328-5198","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Panagiota","family":"Klentrou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7426-4258","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Petros","family":"Botonis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physical Education and Sports Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece"},{"name":"Institute for Sports Performance, Biorhythms, and Environment, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"100","reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"r1","series-title":"J Clin Sleep Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.26918","article-title":"Behavioral and physiological consequences of sleep restriction","volume":"3","author":"Banks S","year":"2007","unstructured":"Banks S, Dinges DF. Behavioral and physiological consequences of sleep restriction. J Clin Sleep Med. 2007;3(5):519\u2013528. PubMed ID: 17803017 doi:10.5664\/jcsm.26918"},{"key":"r2","series-title":"Sleep Med Rev","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2022.101700","article-title":"Sleep, circadian biology and skeletal muscle interactions: implications for metabolic health","volume":"66","author":"Morrison M","year":"2022","unstructured":"Morrison M, Halson SL, Weakley J, Hawley JA. Sleep, circadian biology and skeletal muscle interactions: implications for metabolic health. Sleep Med Rev. 2022;66:101700. doi:10.1016\/j.smrv.2022.101700"},{"issue":"5","key":"r3","series-title":"Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.2147\/ndt.s12160203","article-title":"Sleep deprivation: impact on cognitive performance","volume":"3","author":"Alhola P","year":"2007","unstructured":"Alhola P, Polo-Kantola P. Sleep deprivation: impact on cognitive performance. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2007;3(5):553\u2013567. PubMed ID: 19300585 doi:10.2147\/ndt.s12160203"},{"issue":"2","key":"r4","series-title":"J Sleep Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2869.2008.00732.x","article-title":"Sleep duration and mortality: a systematic review and meta\u2010analysis","volume":"18","author":"Gallicchio L","year":"2009","unstructured":"Gallicchio L, Kalesan B. Sleep duration and mortality: a systematic review and meta\u2010analysis. J Sleep Res. 2009;18(2):148\u2013158. PubMed ID: 19645960 doi:10.1111\/j.1365-2869.2008.00732.x"},{"issue":"10","key":"r5","series-title":"Sports Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1487","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-019-01119-4","article-title":"Sleep monitoring in athletes: motivation, methods, miscalculations and why it matters","volume":"49","author":"Halson SL","year":"2019","unstructured":"Halson SL. Sleep monitoring in athletes: motivation, methods, miscalculations and why it matters. Sports Med. 2019;49(10):1487\u20131497. PubMed ID: 31093921 doi:10.1007\/s40279-019-01119-4"},{"issue":"1","key":"r6","series-title":"Sleep Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2014.12.010","article-title":"National sleep foundation\u2019s sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary","volume":"1","author":"Hirshkowitz M","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hirshkowitz M, Whiton K, Albert SM, et\u00a0al. National sleep foundation\u2019s sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary. Sleep Health. 2015;1(1):40\u201343. PubMed ID: 29073412 doi:10.1016\/j.sleh.2014.12.010"},{"issue":"6","key":"r7","series-title":"J Adolesc Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/S1054-139X(02)00506-2","article-title":"Pathways to adolescent health sleep regulation and behavior","volume":"31","author":"Dahl RE","year":"2002","unstructured":"Dahl RE, Lewin DS. Pathways to adolescent health sleep regulation and behavior. J Adolesc Health. 2002;31(6):175\u2013184. doi:10.1016\/S1054-139X(02)00506-2"},{"key":"r8","series-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2016.08.008","article-title":"Sleep in adolescence: physiology, cognition and mental health","volume":"70","author":"Tarokh L","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tarokh L, Saletin JM, Carskadon MA. Sleep in adolescence: physiology, cognition and mental health. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2016;70:182\u2013188. PubMed ID: 27531236 doi:10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2016.08.008"},{"issue":"3","key":"r9","series-title":"Sleep Med Rev","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2009.10.004","article-title":"The influence of sleep quality, sleep duration and sleepiness on school performance in children and adolescents: a meta-analytic review","volume":"14","author":"Dewald JF","year":"2010","unstructured":"Dewald JF, Meijer AM, Oort FJ, Kerkhof GA, B\u00f6gels SM. The influence of sleep quality, sleep duration and sleepiness on school performance in children and adolescents: a meta-analytic review. Sleep Med Rev. 2010;14(3):179\u2013189. PubMed ID: 20093054 doi:10.1016\/j.smrv.2009.10.004"},{"issue":"1","key":"r10","series-title":"Neurologic Clinics","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2007.11.012","article-title":"Sleep, recovery, and performance: the new frontier in high-performance athletics","volume":"26","author":"Samuels C","year":"2008","unstructured":"Samuels C. Sleep, recovery, and performance: the new frontier in high-performance athletics. Neurologic Clinics. 2008;26(1):169\u2013180. PubMed ID: 18295089 doi:10.1016\/j.ncl.2007.11.012"},{"issue":"1","key":"r11","series-title":"J Adolesc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adolescence.2018.06.001","article-title":"An update on adolescent sleep: new evidence informing the perfect storm model","volume":"67","author":"Crowley SJ","year":"2018","unstructured":"Crowley SJ, Wolfson AR, Tarokh L, Carskadon MA. An update on adolescent sleep: new evidence informing the perfect storm model. J Adolesc. 2018;67(1):55\u201365. doi:10.1016\/j.adolescence.2018.06.001"},{"issue":"3","key":"r12","series-title":"Sports Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-019-01220-8","article-title":"Insufficient sleep in young athletes? Causes, consequences, and potential treatments","volume":"50","author":"Fox JL","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fox JL, Scanlan AT, Stanton R, Sargent C. Insufficient sleep in young athletes? Causes, consequences, and potential treatments. Sports Med. 2020;50(3):461\u2013470. PubMed ID: 31679145 doi:10.1007\/s40279-019-01220-8"},{"issue":"3","key":"r13","series-title":"Sleep","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/16.3.258","article-title":"Association between puberty and delayed phase preference","volume":"16","author":"Carskadon MA","year":"1993","unstructured":"Carskadon MA, Vieira C, Acebo C. Association between puberty and delayed phase preference. Sleep. 1993;16(3):258\u2013262. PubMed ID: 8506460 doi:10.1093\/sleep\/16.3.258"},{"issue":"6","key":"r14","series-title":"Sleep","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/25.6.606","article-title":"Regulation of sleepiness in adolescents: update, insights, and speculation","volume":"25","author":"Carskadon MA","year":"2002","unstructured":"Carskadon MA, Acebo C. Regulation of sleepiness in adolescents: update, insights, and speculation. Sleep. 2002;25(6):606\u2013614. PubMed ID: 12224839 doi:10.1093\/sleep\/25.6.606"},{"issue":"2","key":"r15","series-title":"Horm Behav","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2013.01.013","article-title":"Adolescent sleep patterns in humans and laboratory animals","volume":"64","author":"Hagenauer MH","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hagenauer MH, Lee TM. Adolescent sleep patterns in humans and laboratory animals. Horm Behav. 2013;64(2):270\u2013279. PubMed ID: 23998671 doi:10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2013.01.013"},{"issue":"4","key":"r16","series-title":"Dev Neurosci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1159\/000216538","article-title":"Adolescent changes in the homeostatic and circadian regulation of sleep","volume":"31","author":"Hagenauer MH","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hagenauer MH, Perryman JI, Lee TM, Carskadon MA. Adolescent changes in the homeostatic and circadian regulation of sleep. Dev Neurosci. 2009;31(4):276\u2013284. PubMed ID: 19546564 doi:10.1159\/000216538"},{"issue":"11","key":"r17","series-title":"PLoS One","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0112199","article-title":"A longitudinal assessment of sleep timing, circadian phase, and phase angle of entrainment across human adolescence","volume":"9","author":"Crowley SJ","year":"2014","unstructured":"Crowley SJ, Van Reen E, LeBourgeois MK, et\u00a0al. A longitudinal assessment of sleep timing, circadian phase, and phase angle of entrainment across human adolescence. PLoS One. 2014;9(11):e112199. doi:10.1371\/journal.pone.0112199"},{"issue":"2","key":"r18","series-title":"Sport Sci Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1007\/s11332-017-0373-6","article-title":"Accelerometer-based sleep behavior and activity levels in student athletes in comparison to student non-athletes","volume":"13","author":"Driller MW","year":"2017","unstructured":"Driller MW, Dixon ZT, Clark MI. Accelerometer-based sleep behavior and activity levels in student athletes in comparison to student non-athletes. Sport Sci Health. 2017;13(2):411\u2013418. doi:10.1007\/s11332-017-0373-6"},{"issue":"4","key":"r19","series-title":"J Sleep Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.12791","article-title":"Sleep characteristics, sources of perceived stress and coping strategies in adolescent athletes","volume":"28","author":"Skein M","year":"2018","unstructured":"Skein M, Harrison T, Clarke D. Sleep characteristics, sources of perceived stress and coping strategies in adolescent athletes. J Sleep Res. 2018;28(4):e12791. doi:10.1111\/jsr.12791"},{"issue":"2","key":"r20","series-title":"Int J Sports Physiol Perform","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2022-0079","article-title":"Intensified Olympic preparation: sleep and training-related hormonal and immune responses in water polo","volume":"18","author":"Botonis PG","year":"2023","unstructured":"Botonis PG, Toubekis AG. Intensified Olympic preparation: sleep and training-related hormonal and immune responses in water polo. Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2023;18(2):187\u2013194. PubMed ID: 36640772 doi:10.1123\/ijspp.2022-0079"},{"issue":"5","key":"r21","series-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-199705000-00016","article-title":"Effects of training volume on sleep, psychological, and selected physiological profiles of elite female swimmers","volume":"29","author":"Taylor SR","year":"1997","unstructured":"Taylor SR, Rogers GG, Driver HS. Effects of training volume on sleep, psychological, and selected physiological profiles of elite female swimmers. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1997;29(5):688\u2013693. doi:10.1097\/00005768-199705000-00016"},{"issue":"5","key":"r22","series-title":"Eur J Sport Sci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1080\/17461391.2018.1536171","article-title":"Training load and schedule are important determinants of sleep behaviours in youth-soccer players","volume":"19","author":"Whitworth\u2010Turner CM","year":"2018","unstructured":"Whitworth\u2010Turner CM, Di Michele R, Muir I, Gregson W, Drust B. Training load and schedule are important determinants of sleep behaviours in youth-soccer players. Eur J Sport Sci. 2018;19(5):576\u2013584. PubMed ID: 30355269 doi:10.1080\/17461391.2018.1536171"},{"issue":"4","key":"r23","series-title":"J Sci Med Sport","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2017.07.003","article-title":"Train hard, sleep well? Perceived training load, sleep quantity and sleep stage distribution in elite level athletes","volume":"21","author":"Knufinke M","year":"2018","unstructured":"Knufinke M, Nieuwenhuys A, Geurts SA, et\u00a0al. Train hard, sleep well? Perceived training load, sleep quantity and sleep stage distribution in elite level athletes. J Sci Med Sport. 2018;21(4):427\u2013432. PubMed ID: 28754605 doi:10.1016\/j.jsams.2017.07.003"},{"issue":"6","key":"r24","series-title":"Int J Sports Physiol Perform","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"890","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2020-0463","article-title":"The relationships between training load, type of sport, and sleep among high-level adolescent athletes","volume":"16","author":"Aloulou A","year":"2021","unstructured":"Aloulou A, Duforez F, L\u00e9ger D, De Larochelambert Q, Nedelec M. The relationships between training load, type of sport, and sleep among high-level adolescent athletes. Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2021;16(6): 890\u2013899. PubMed ID: 33631716 doi:10.1123\/ijspp.2020-0463"},{"issue":"2","key":"r25","series-title":"Eur J Sport Sci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1080\/17461391.2017.1389992","article-title":"Sleep, training load and performance in elite female gymnasts","volume":"18","author":"Dumortier J","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dumortier J, Mariman A, Boone J, et\u00a0al. Sleep, training load and performance in elite female gymnasts. Eur J Sport Sci. 2018;18(2):151\u2013161. PubMed ID: 29072537 doi:10.1080\/17461391.2017.1389992"},{"key":"r26","series-title":"Handbook of Life Stress, Cognition and Health","first-page":"629","article-title":"Allostasis: a new paradigm to explain arousal pathology","author":"Sterling P","year":"1988","unstructured":"Sterling P, Eyer J.\u00a0Allostasis: a new paradigm to explain arousal pathology. In: Fisher S, Reason J, eds. Handbook of Life Stress, Cognition and Health. John Wiley & Sons; 1988:629\u2013649."},{"issue":"3","key":"r27","series-title":"N Engl J Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199801153380307","article-title":"Protective and damaging effects of stress mediators","volume":"338","author":"McEwen BS","year":"1998","unstructured":"McEwen BS. Protective and damaging effects of stress mediators. N Engl J Med. 1998;338(3):171\u2013179. PubMed ID: 9428819 doi:10.1056\/NEJM199801153380307"},{"issue":"12","key":"r28","series-title":"Scand J Med Sci Sports","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2413","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.14453","article-title":"Intraindividual variability in sleep among athletes: a systematic review of definitions, operationalizations, and key correlates","volume":"33","author":"Kemp S","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kemp S, Spence AL, Keller BS, Ducker KJ, Gucciardi DF. Intraindividual variability in sleep among athletes: a systematic review of definitions, operationalizations, and key correlates. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2023;33(12):2413\u20132422. PubMed ID: 37485972 doi:10.1111\/sms.14453"},{"issue":"6","key":"r29","series-title":"Sleep Med Rev","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1016\/S1087-0792(03)90003-7","article-title":"Understanding adolescent\u2019s sleep patterns and school performance: a critical appraisal","volume":"7","author":"Wolfson AR","year":"2003","unstructured":"Wolfson AR, Carskadon MA. Understanding adolescent\u2019s sleep patterns and school performance: a critical appraisal. Sleep Med Rev. 2003;7(6):491\u2013506. PubMed ID: 15018092 doi:10.1016\/S1087-0792(03)90003-7"},{"issue":"9","key":"r30","series-title":"Sleep","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsx109","article-title":"Sleep and physiological dysregulation: a closer look at sleep intraindividual variability","volume":"40","author":"Bei B","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bei B, Seeman TE, Carroll JE, Wiley JF. Sleep and physiological dysregulation: a closer look at sleep intraindividual variability. Sleep. 2017;40(9):zsx109. doi:10.1093\/sleep\/zsx109"},{"issue":"10","key":"r31","series-title":"J Sci Med Sport","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2015.12.007","article-title":"The validity of activity monitors for measuring sleep in elite athletes","volume":"19","author":"Sargent C","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sargent C, Lastella M, Halson SL, Roach GD. The validity of activity monitors for measuring sleep in elite athletes. J Sci Med Sport. 2015;19(10):848\u2013853. PubMed ID: 26794719 doi:10.1016\/j.jsams.2015.12.007"},{"issue":"7","key":"r32","series-title":"Int J Sports Physiol Perform","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2023-0296","article-title":"Habitual nocturnal sleep, napping behavior, and recovery following training and competition in elite water polo: sex-related effects","volume":"19","author":"Koutouvakis NG","year":"2024","unstructured":"Koutouvakis NG, Geladas ND, Mouratidis A, Toubekis AG, Botonis PG. Habitual nocturnal sleep, napping behavior, and recovery following training and competition in elite water polo: sex-related effects. Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2024;19(7):651\u2013660. PubMed ID: 38754855 doi:10.1123\/ijspp.2023-0296"},{"key":"r33","series-title":"Nat Sci Sleep","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.2147\/NSS.S151085","article-title":"Actigraphy-based sleep estimation in adolescents and adults: a comparison with polysomnography using two scoring algorithms","volume":"10","author":"Quante M","year":"2018","unstructured":"Quante M, Kaplan E, Cailler M, et\u00a0al. Actigraphy-based sleep estimation in adolescents and adults: a comparison with polysomnography using two scoring algorithms. Nat Sci Sleep. 2018;10:13\u201320. doi:10.2147\/NSS.S151085"},{"issue":"3","key":"r34","series-title":"Sleep Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2010.07.020","article-title":"Correlates of adolescent sleep time and variability in sleep time: the role of individual and health-related characteristics","volume":"12","author":"Moore M","year":"2011","unstructured":"Moore M, Kirchner HL, Drotar D, Johnson N, Rosen C, Redline S. Correlates of adolescent sleep time and variability in sleep time: the role of individual and health-related characteristics. Sleep Med. 2011;12(3):239\u2013245. PubMed ID: 21316300 doi:10.1016\/j.sleep.2010.07.020"},{"issue":"4","key":"r35","series-title":"Int J Sports Physiol Perform","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2013-0297","article-title":"The validity of the session-RPE method for quantifying training load in water polo","volume":"9","author":"Lupo C","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lupo C, Capranica L, Tessitore A. The validity of the session-RPE method for quantifying training load in water polo. Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2014;9(4):656\u2013660. PubMed ID: 24231176 doi:10.1123\/ijspp.2013-0297"},{"issue":"2","key":"r36","series-title":"Int J Sports Physiol Perform","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2012-0356","article-title":"Perceived exertion in coaches and young swimmers with different training experience","volume":"9","author":"Barroso R","year":"2014","unstructured":"Barroso R, Cardoso RK, do Carmo EC, Tricoli V. Perceived exertion in coaches and young swimmers with different training experience. Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2014;9(2):212\u2013216. PubMed ID: 23630106 doi:10.1123\/ijspp.2012-0356"},{"key":"r37","series-title":"J Athl Enhancement","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4172\/2324-9080.1000204","article-title":"The validity and reliability for a salivary cortisol point of care test","volume":"4","author":"Fisher RN","year":"2015","unstructured":"Fisher RN, McLellan CP, Sinclair WH. The validity and reliability for a salivary cortisol point of care test. J Athl Enhancement. 2015;4:4. doi:10.4172\/2324-9080.1000204"},{"issue":"2","key":"r38","series-title":"Res Sports Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1080\/15438627.2015.1005300","article-title":"Validity and reliability of a novel salivary immunoassay for individual profiling in applied sports science","volume":"23","author":"Coad S","year":"2015","unstructured":"Coad S, Mclellan C, Whitehouse T, Gray B. Validity and reliability of a novel salivary immunoassay for individual profiling in applied sports science. Res Sports Med. 2015;23(2):140\u2013150. PubMed ID: 25639912 doi:10.1080\/15438627.2015.1005300"},{"issue":"1","key":"r39","series-title":"Pediatr Exerc Sci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1123\/pes.2019-0067","article-title":"Training schedule and sleep in adolescent swimmers","volume":"32","author":"Gudmundsd\u00f3ttir SL","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gudmundsd\u00f3ttir SL. Training schedule and sleep in adolescent swimmers. Pediatr Exerc Sci. 2020;32(1):16\u201322. PubMed ID: 31592774 doi:10.1123\/pes.2019-0067"},{"issue":"3","key":"r40","series-title":"Sleep Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2007.04.017","article-title":"Increased slow wave sleep and reduced stage 2 sleep in children depending on exercise intensity","volume":"9","author":"Dworak M","year":"2008","unstructured":"Dworak M, Wiater A, Alfer D, Stephan E, Hollmann W, Str\u00fcder HK. Increased slow wave sleep and reduced stage 2 sleep in children depending on exercise intensity. Sleep Med. 2008;9(3):266\u2013272. PubMed ID: 17644426 doi:10.1016\/j.sleep.2007.04.017"},{"issue":"2","key":"r41","series-title":"J Adolesc Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2009.06.018","article-title":"High exercise levels are related to favorable sleep patterns and psychological functioning in adolescents: a comparison of athletes and controls","volume":"46","author":"Brand S","year":"2010","unstructured":"Brand S, Gerber M, Beck J, Hatzinger M, P\u00fchse U, Holsboer\u2010Trachsler E. High exercise levels are related to favorable sleep patterns and psychological functioning in adolescents: a comparison of athletes and controls. J Adolesc Health. 2010;46(2):133\u2013141. PubMed ID: 20113919 doi:10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2009.06.018"},{"issue":"suppl 2","key":"r42","series-title":"J Clin Sleep Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S6","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.5.2s.s6","article-title":"Regulation and functional correlates of slow wave sleep","volume":"5","author":"Dijk D","year":"2009","unstructured":"Dijk D. Regulation and functional correlates of slow wave sleep. J Clin Sleep Med. 2009;5(suppl 2):S6\u2013S15. doi:10.5664\/jcsm.5.2s.s6"},{"issue":"3","key":"r43","series-title":"Exerc Sport Sci Rev","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1249\/00003677-200607000-00004","article-title":"Child-adult differences in the recovery from high-intensity exercise","volume":"34","author":"Falk B","year":"2006","unstructured":"Falk B, Dotan R. Child-adult differences in the recovery from high-intensity exercise. Exerc Sport Sci Rev. 2006;34(3):107\u2013112. PubMed ID: 16829737 doi:10.1249\/00003677-200607000-00004"},{"issue":"8","key":"r44","series-title":"Appl Physiol Nutr Metab","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1139\/apnm-2013-0510","article-title":"Heart rate response and parasympathetic modulation during recovery from exercise in boys and men","volume":"39","author":"Guilkey JP","year":"2014","unstructured":"Guilkey JP, Overstreet M, Fernhall B, Mahon AD. Heart rate response and parasympathetic modulation during recovery from exercise in boys and men. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2014;39(8):969\u2013975. PubMed ID: 24941106 doi:10.1139\/apnm-2013-0510"},{"issue":"3","key":"r45","series-title":"Chronobiol Int","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.3109\/07420528.2012.655868","article-title":"Class start times, sleep, and academic performance in college: a path analysis","volume":"29","author":"Onyper SV","year":"2012","unstructured":"Onyper SV, Thacher PV, Gilbert JW, Gradess SG. Class start times, sleep, and academic performance in college: a path analysis. Chronobiol Int. 2012;29(3):318\u2013335. PubMed ID: 22390245 doi:10.3109\/07420528.2012.655868"},{"issue":"1","key":"r46","series-title":"Sports Med Open","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40798-022-00470-7","article-title":"Sleep regularity and predictors of sleep efficiency and sleep duration in elite team sport athletes","volume":"8","author":"Halson SL","year":"2022","unstructured":"Halson SL, Johnston RD, Piromalli L, et\u00a0al. Sleep regularity and predictors of sleep efficiency and sleep duration in elite team sport athletes. Sports Med Open. 2022;8(1):79. doi:10.1186\/s40798-022-00470-7"},{"issue":"6","key":"r47","series-title":"Sleep Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2023.07.016","article-title":"The importance of sleep regularity: a consensus statement of the National Sleep Foundation sleep timing and variability panel","volume":"9","author":"Sletten TL","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sletten TL, Weaver MD, Foster RG, et\u00a0al. The importance of sleep regularity: a consensus statement of the National Sleep Foundation sleep timing and variability panel. Sleep Health. 2023;9(6):801\u2013820. PubMed ID: 37684151 doi:10.1016\/j.sleh.2023.07.016"},{"key":"r48","series-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2016.02.017","article-title":"Examining multiple sleep behaviors and diurnal salivary cortisol and alpha-amylase: within- and between-person associations","volume":"68","author":"Van Lenten SA","year":"2016","unstructured":"Van Lenten SA, Doane LD. Examining multiple sleep behaviors and diurnal salivary cortisol and alpha-amylase: within- and between-person associations. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2016;68:100\u2013110. PubMed ID: 26963376 doi:10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2016.02.017"},{"issue":"24","key":"r49","series-title":"Nurs Stand","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.7748\/ns1999.03.13.24.44.c7485","article-title":"The importance of sleep","volume":"13","author":"Fox MR","year":"1999","unstructured":"Fox MR. The importance of sleep. Nurs Stand. 1999;13(24):44\u201347. doi:10.7748\/ns1999.03.13.24.44.c7485"},{"issue":"3","key":"r50","series-title":"J Sport Health Sci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jshs.2018.09.009","article-title":"The compelling link between physical activity and the body\u2019s defense system","volume":"8","author":"Nieman DC","year":"2019","unstructured":"Nieman DC, Wentz LM. The compelling link between physical activity and the body\u2019s defense system. J Sport Health Sci. 2019;8(3):201\u2013217. PubMed ID: 31193280 doi:10.1016\/j.jshs.2018.09.009"},{"issue":"7","key":"r51","series-title":"Sleep","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsad099","article-title":"Is it wiser to train in the afternoon or the early evening to sleep better? The role of chronotype in young adolescent athletes","volume":"46","author":"Saidi O","year":"2023","unstructured":"Saidi O, Peyrel P, Del Sordo G, et\u00a0al. Is it wiser to train in the afternoon or the early evening to sleep better? The role of chronotype in young adolescent athletes. Sleep. 2023;46(7):zsad099. doi:10.1093\/sleep\/zsad099"},{"issue":"9","key":"r52","series-title":"Int J Sports Physiol Perform","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"914","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2023-0049","article-title":"Menstrual-cycle symptoms and sleep characteristics in elite soccer players","volume":"19","author":"Halson SL","year":"2024","unstructured":"Halson SL, Johnston RD, Pearson M, Minahan C. Menstrual-cycle symptoms and sleep characteristics in elite soccer players. Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2024;19(9):914\u2013920. PubMed ID: 39048089 doi:10.1123\/ijspp.2023-0049"}],"container-title":["Pediatric Exercise Science"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.humankinetics.com\/view\/journals\/pes\/38\/4\/article-p446.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.humankinetics.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/pes\/38\/4\/article-p446.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.humankinetics.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/pes\/38\/4\/article-p446.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T16:21:15Z","timestamp":1793636475000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.humankinetics.com\/view\/journals\/pes\/38\/4\/article-p446.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1123\/pes.2024-0183","relation":{},"ISSN":["0899-8493","1543-2920"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0899-8493","type":"print"},{"value":"1543-2920","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]]}}}