{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,5]],"date-time":"2026-11-05T18:52:30Z","timestamp":1793904750590,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Human Kinetics","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      <jats:bold>Background<\/jats:bold>\n                      :\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    Childhood and adolescent obesity is a major global health concern that contributes to early atherosclerotic changes and increased cardiometabolic risk. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) has emerged as a time-efficient intervention that can improve cardiometabolic outcomes. However, its effectiveness on cardiometabolic risk markers, including atherosclerotic indicators in children and adolescents with overweight\/obesity, remains inconclusive. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to analyze the impact of HIIT on cardiometabolic markers in this population.\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      <jats:bold>Methods<\/jats:bold>\n                      :\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    A systematic literature search was conducted across PubMed, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, SportDiscus, Cochrane, Embase, and Scopus through June 2025. Randomized and nonrandomized controlled trials examining HIIT interventions lasting \u22652\u00a0weeks in apparently healthy children and adolescents (aged 8\u201319\u00a0y) with overweight\/obesity (body mass index\u2009\u2265\u200985th percentile) were included. Data were synthesized using Hedges\u2019\n                    <jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>\n                    to calculate effect sizes, with subgroup analyses comparing HIIT versus moderate-intensity interval training, moderate-intensity continuous training, school-based exercise, and pre\u2013post intervention values. Subgroup meta-analyses for specific comparators were performed when data from more than one study were available.\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      <jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\n                      :\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    Twenty studies involving 889 participants (M and F) were included. HIIT significantly improved (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009\u2264\u2009.04) anthropometric indicators (body mass:\n                    <jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009\u22120.51; body mass index:\n                    <jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009\u22120.61; body fat percentage:\n                    <jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009\u22120.69; waist circumference:\n                    <jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009\u22120.38), blood pressure (systolic:\n                    <jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009\u22120.63; diastolic:\n                    <jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009\u22120.42), lipid profile (total cholesterol:\n                    <jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009\u22120.72; triglycerides:\n                    <jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009\u22120.63; lipoprotein cholesterol:\n                    <jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009\u22120.63; high-density lipoprotein cholesterol:\n                    <jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009+0.57), and glycemic markers (glucose:\n                    <jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009\u22120.27; insulin:\n                    <jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009\u22120.70; homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance:\n                    <jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009\u22120.57), as well as enhancing cardiorespiratory fitness (VO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    peak:\n                    <jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009+1.52). Subgroup analyses showed a higher superiority of HIIT on most outcomes compared with moderate-intensity continuous training, but not versus moderate-intensity interval training or school-based exercise. However, comparisons with moderate-intensity interval training and school-based exercise were based on a limited number of studies. Moderate heterogeneity (\n                    <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2009=\u200948%\u201373%) was observed across outcomes.\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      <jats:bold>Conclusion<\/jats:bold>\n                      :\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    Our data show that HIIT is an effective strategy for improving cardiometabolic health in children and adolescents with overweight\/obesity as it significantly reduces blood lipids and improves body composition, glycemic control, and cardiorespiratory fitness, with this effect often surpassing that of traditional moderate-intensity continuous training protocols. Further studies should identify optimal HIIT protocols and explore long-term benefits to develop clinical guidelines.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1123\/pes.2025-0123","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T09:44:28Z","timestamp":1783676668000},"page":"361-376","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Impact of High-Intensity Interval Training on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Youth With Overweight\/Obesity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1123","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Alireza","family":"Paahoo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vahid","family":"Tadibi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Todd A.","family":"Astorino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kinesiology, California State University, San Marcos, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatima Cody","family":"Stanford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine-Division of Endocrinology-Neuroendocrine, Department of Pediatrics-Division of Endocrinology, Massachusetts General Hospital, MGH Weight Center, Nutrition Obesity Research Center at Harvard (NORCH), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Bahraminia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Department of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Materials and Energy Research Center, Karaj, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8209-1676","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ant\u00f3nio","family":"Videira-Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"WHO Collaborating Centre for Adolescent Medicine and Training, Cl\u00ednica Universit\u00e1ria de Pediatria, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"CIDEFES (Research Centre in Sport, Physical Education, Exercise and Health), Universidade Lus\u00f3fona, Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"CIFI2D (Centre for Research, Training, Innovation, and Intervention in Sport), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Thivel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of the Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise Under Physiological and Pathological Conditions (AME2P), EA 3533, CRNH, Clermont Auvergne University, Clermont-Ferrand, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"100","reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"r1","series-title":"Am J Clin Nutr","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/67.6.1111","article-title":"Childhood obesity and adult cardiovascular mortality: a 57-y follow-up study based on the Boyd Orr cohort","volume":"67","author":"Gunnell DJ","year":"1998","unstructured":"Gunnell DJ, Frankel SJ, Nanchahal K, et\u00a0al. Childhood obesity and adult cardiovascular mortality: a 57-y follow-up study based on the Boyd Orr cohort. Am J Clin Nutr. 1998;67(6):1111\u20131118. doi:10.1093\/ajcn\/67.6.1111"},{"key":"r2","series-title":"Metab Clin Exp","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2018.11.005","article-title":"Obesity and dyslipidemia","volume":"92","author":"Vekic J","year":"2019","unstructured":"Vekic J, Zeljkovic A, Stefanovic A, et\u00a0al. Obesity and dyslipidemia. Metab Clin Exp. 2019;92:71\u201381. doi:10.1016\/j.metabol.2018.11.005"},{"issue":"9","key":"r3","series-title":"Sports Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1753","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-023-01863-8","article-title":"High-intensity interval training and cardiometabolic health in the general population: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials","volume":"53","author":"Edwards JJ","year":"2023","unstructured":"Edwards JJ, Griffiths M, Deenmamode AH, et\u00a0al. High-intensity interval training and cardiometabolic health in the general population: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Sports Med. 2023;53(9):1753\u20131763. doi:10.1007\/s40279-023-01863-8"},{"issue":"21","key":"r4","series-title":"Br J Sports Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1267","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2024-108481","article-title":"High-intensity interval training for cardiometabolic health in adults with metabolic syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials","volume":"58","author":"Poon ET","year":"2024","unstructured":"Poon ET, Wongpipit W, Li HY, et\u00a0al. High-intensity interval training for cardiometabolic health in adults with metabolic syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Br J Sports Med. 2024;58(21):1267\u20131284. doi:10.1136\/bjsports-2024-108481"},{"key":"r5","series-title":"Front Pediatr","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2022.887852","article-title":"A meta-analysis of high-intensity interval training on glycolipid metabolism in children with metabolic disorders","volume":"10","author":"Cao M","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cao M, Li S, Tang Y, et\u00a0al. A meta-analysis of high-intensity interval training on glycolipid metabolism in children with metabolic disorders. Front Pediatr. 2022;10:887852. doi:10.3389\/fped.2022.887852"},{"issue":"5","key":"r6","series-title":"PLoS One","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0266427","article-title":"School-based high-intensity interval training programs in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"17","author":"Duncombe SL","year":"2022","unstructured":"Duncombe SL, Barker AR, Bond B, et\u00a0al. School-based high-intensity interval training programs in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2022;17(5):e0266427. doi:10.1371\/journal.pone.0266427"},{"issue":"4","key":"r7","series-title":"J Sports Sci Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.52082\/jssm.2024.690","article-title":"The effects of high-intensity interval training on cardiometabolic health in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"23","author":"Song Y","year":"2024","unstructured":"Song Y, Lan H. The effects of high-intensity interval training on cardiometabolic health in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Sports Sci Med. 2024;23(4):690\u2013706. doi:10.52082\/jssm.2024.690"},{"key":"r8","series-title":"Front Public Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1269508","article-title":"Effect of high-intensity interval training on cardiorespiratory fitness in children and adolescents with overweight or obesity: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"12","author":"Deng Y","year":"2024","unstructured":"Deng Y, Wang X. Effect of high-intensity interval training on cardiorespiratory fitness in children and adolescents with overweight or obesity: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Front Public Health. 2024;12:1269508. doi:10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1269508"},{"issue":"8","key":"r9","series-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17082955","article-title":"High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) improves Cardiorespiratory Fitness (CRF) in healthy, overweight and obese adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled studies","volume":"17","author":"Martin-Smith R","year":"2020","unstructured":"Martin-Smith R, Cox A, Buchan DS, et\u00a0al. High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) improves Cardiorespiratory Fitness (CRF) in healthy, overweight and obese adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled studies. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(8):2955. doi:10.3390\/ijerph17082955"},{"issue":"22","key":"r10","series-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph182211905","article-title":"Effects of high-intensity interval training and moderate-intensity continuous training on cardiometabolic risk factors in overweight and obesity children and adolescents: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"18","author":"Cao M","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cao M, Tang Y, Li S, Zou Y. Effects of high-intensity interval training and moderate-intensity continuous training on cardiometabolic risk factors in overweight and obesity children and adolescents: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(22):11905. doi:10.3390\/ijerph182211905"},{"issue":"8","key":"r11","series-title":"PLoS One","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0042747","article-title":"Similar health benefits of endurance and high-intensity interval training in obese children","volume":"7","author":"Corte de Araujo AC","year":"2012","unstructured":"Corte de Araujo AC, Roschel H, Pican\u00e7o AR, et\u00a0al. Similar health benefits of endurance and high-intensity interval training in obese children. PLoS One. 2012;7(8):e42747. doi:10.1371\/journal.pone.0042747"},{"key":"r12","series-title":"Physiol Behav","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2019.112728","article-title":"Effects of high-intensity interval training on endothelial function, lipid profile, body composition and physical fitness in normal-weight and overweight-obese adolescents: a clinical trial","volume":"213","author":"da Silva MR","year":"2020","unstructured":"da Silva MR, Waclawovsky G, Perin L, et\u00a0al. Effects of high-intensity interval training on endothelial function, lipid profile, body composition and physical fitness in normal-weight and overweight-obese adolescents: a clinical trial. Physiol Behav. 2020;213:112728. doi:10.1016\/j.physbeh.2019.112728"},{"issue":"6","key":"r13","series-title":"Int J Sports Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1055\/a-0577-4280","article-title":"Effects of exercise intensity on microvascular function in obese adolescents","volume":"39","author":"Morrissey C","year":"2018","unstructured":"Morrissey C, Montero D, Raverdy C, et\u00a0al. Effects of exercise intensity on microvascular function in obese adolescents. Int J Sports Med. 2018;39(6):450\u2013455. doi:10.1055\/a-0577-4280"},{"issue":"7","key":"r14","series-title":"Children","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/children10071180","article-title":"Long- and short-term high-intensity interval training on lipid profile and cardiovascular disorders in obese male adolescents","volume":"10","author":"Racil G","year":"2023","unstructured":"Racil G, Chelly MS, Coquart J, et\u00a0al. Long- and short-term high-intensity interval training on lipid profile and cardiovascular disorders in obese male adolescents. Children. 2023;10(7):1180. doi:10.3390\/children10071180"},{"issue":"3","key":"r15","series-title":"Nutrients","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17030402","article-title":"Impact of L-citrulline supplementation and HIIT on lipid profile, arterial stiffness, and fat mass in obese adolescents with metabolic-dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"17","author":"Rodr\u00edguez-Carrillo AA","year":"2025","unstructured":"Rodr\u00edguez-Carrillo AA, Espinoza-Vargas MR, Vargas-Ortiz K, et\u00a0al. Impact of L-citrulline supplementation and HIIT on lipid profile, arterial stiffness, and fat mass in obese adolescents with metabolic-dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease: a randomized clinical trial. Nutrients. 2025;17(3):402. doi:10.3390\/nu17030402"},{"issue":"1","key":"r16","series-title":"Nutrients","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17010164","article-title":"High-intensity interval training reduces liver enzyme levels and improves MASLD-related biomarkers in overweight\/obese girls","volume":"17","author":"Abassi W","year":"2025","unstructured":"Abassi W, Ouerghi N, Hammami MB, et\u00a0al. High-intensity interval training reduces liver enzyme levels and improves MASLD-related biomarkers in overweight\/obese girls. Nutrients. 2025;17(1):164. doi:10.3390\/nu17010164"},{"issue":"5","key":"r17","series-title":"ARYA Atheroscler","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.22122\/arya.v16i5.1990","article-title":"The effects of aerobic training, resistance training, combined training, and healthy eating recommendations on lipid profile and body mass index in overweight and obese children and adolescents: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"16","author":"Ahmadi A","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ahmadi A, Moheb-Mohammadi F, Navabi ZS, et\u00a0al. The effects of aerobic training, resistance training, combined training, and healthy eating recommendations on lipid profile and body mass index in overweight and obese children and adolescents: a randomized clinical trial. ARYA Atheroscler. 2020;16(5):226\u2013234. doi:10.22122\/arya.v16i5.1990"},{"issue":"3","key":"r18","series-title":"Clin Rehabil","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1177\/0269215513498609","article-title":"The influence of sprint interval training on body composition, physical and metabolic fitness in adolescents and young adults with intellectual disability: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"28","author":"Boer PH","year":"2014","unstructured":"Boer PH, Meeus M, Terblanche E, et\u00a0al. The influence of sprint interval training on body composition, physical and metabolic fitness in adolescents and young adults with intellectual disability: a randomized controlled trial. Clin Rehabil. 2014;28(3):221\u2013231. doi:10.1177\/0269215513498609"},{"issue":"4","key":"r19","series-title":"Am J Hum Biol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.21166","article-title":"The effects of time and intensity of exercise on novel and established markers of CVD in adolescent youth","volume":"23","author":"Buchan DS","year":"2011","unstructured":"Buchan DS, Ollis S, Young JD, et\u00a0al. The effects of time and intensity of exercise on novel and established markers of CVD in adolescent youth. Am J Hum Biol. 2011;23(4):517\u2013526. doi:10.1002\/ajhb.21166"},{"issue":"1","key":"r20","series-title":"Child Obes","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1089\/chi.2017.0024","article-title":"Effects of high-intensity intermittent training on vascular function in obese preadolescent boys","volume":"14","author":"Chuensiri N","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chuensiri N, Suksom D, Tanaka H. Effects of high-intensity intermittent training on vascular function in obese preadolescent boys. Child Obes. 2018;14(1):41\u201349. doi:10.1089\/chi.2017.0024"},{"issue":"3","key":"r21","series-title":"Sports Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-017-0777-0","article-title":"Effect of high-intensity interval training on fitness, fat mass and cardiometabolic biomarkers in children with obesity: a randomised controlled trial","volume":"48","author":"Dias KA","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dias KA, Ingul CB, Tj\u00f8nna AE, et\u00a0al. Effect of high-intensity interval training on fitness, fat mass and cardiometabolic biomarkers in children with obesity: a randomised controlled trial. Sports Med. 2018;48(3):733\u2013746. doi:10.1007\/s40279-017-0777-0"},{"issue":"1","key":"r22","series-title":"Pediatr Gastroenterol Hepatol Nutr","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.5223\/pghn.2021.24.1.54","article-title":"Changes in liver enzymes and metabolic profile in adolescents with fatty liver following exercise interventions","volume":"24","author":"Iraji H","year":"2021","unstructured":"Iraji H, Minasian V, Kelishadi R. Changes in liver enzymes and metabolic profile in adolescents with fatty liver following exercise interventions. Pediatr Gastroenterol Hepatol Nutr. 2021;24(1):54\u201364. doi:10.5223\/pghn.2021.24.1.54"},{"issue":"1","key":"r23","series-title":"Int J Prev Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/ijpvm.ijpvm_6_21","article-title":"Effects of two different school-based training on serum miR15b expression and lipid profile of adolescents with obesity","volume":"13","author":"Khaliltahmasebi R","year":"2022","unstructured":"Khaliltahmasebi R, Minasian V, Hovsepian S. Effects of two different school-based training on serum miR15b expression and lipid profile of adolescents with obesity. Int J Prev Med. 2022;13(1):139. doi:10.4103\/ijpvm.ijpvm_6_21"},{"issue":"1","key":"r24","series-title":"BMC Pediatr","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-021-03079-z","article-title":"Effects of school-based high-intensity interval training on body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness and cardiometabolic markers in adolescent boys with obesity: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"22","author":"Meng C","year":"2022","unstructured":"Meng C, Yucheng T, Shu L, et\u00a0al. Effects of school-based high-intensity interval training on body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness and cardiometabolic markers in adolescent boys with obesity: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Pediatr. 2022;22(1):112. doi:10.1186\/s12887-021-03079-z"},{"issue":"3","key":"r25","series-title":"Pediatr Exerc Sci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1123\/pes.2020-0138","article-title":"Effectiveness of continuous aerobic versus high-intensity interval training on atherosclerotic and inflammatory markers in boys with overweight\/obesity","volume":"33","author":"Paahoo A","year":"2021","unstructured":"Paahoo A, Tadibi V, Behpoor N. Effectiveness of continuous aerobic versus high-intensity interval training on atherosclerotic and inflammatory markers in boys with overweight\/obesity. Pediatr Exerc Sci. 2021;33(3):132\u2013138. doi:10.1123\/pes.2020-0138"},{"issue":"3","key":"r26","series-title":"Appl Physiol Nutr Metab","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1139\/apnm-2019-0137","article-title":"Effects of high-intensity interval training and nutrition advice on cardiometabolic markers and aerobic fitness in adolescent girls with obesity","volume":"45","author":"Plavsic L","year":"2020","unstructured":"Plavsic L, Knezevic OM, Sovtic A, et\u00a0al. Effects of high-intensity interval training and nutrition advice on cardiometabolic markers and aerobic fitness in adolescent girls with obesity. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2020;45(3):294\u2013300. doi:10.1139\/apnm-2019-0137"},{"issue":"10","key":"r27","series-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2531","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-013-2689-5","article-title":"Effects of high vs. moderate exercise intensity during interval training on lipids and adiponectin levels in obese young females","volume":"113","author":"Racil G","year":"2013","unstructured":"Racil G, Ben Ounis O, Hammouda O, et\u00a0al. Effects of high vs. moderate exercise intensity during interval training on lipids and adiponectin levels in obese young females. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2013;113(10):2531\u20132540. doi:10.1007\/s00421-013-2689-5"},{"issue":"19","key":"r28","series-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph191912672","article-title":"Effect of sprint interval training on cardiometabolic biomarkers and adipokine levels in adolescent boys with obesity","volume":"19","author":"Salus M","year":"2022","unstructured":"Salus M, Tillmann V, Remmel L, et\u00a0al. Effect of sprint interval training on cardiometabolic biomarkers and adipokine levels in adolescent boys with obesity. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(19):12672. doi:10.3390\/ijerph191912672"},{"issue":"6","key":"r29","series-title":"Eur J Pediatr","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2881","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-023-04974-6","article-title":"Effects and individual response of continuous and interval training on adiponectin concentration, cardiometabolic risk factors, and physical fitness in overweight adolescents","volume":"182","author":"Tadiotto MC","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tadiotto MC, Corazza PRP, Menezes-Junior FJ, et\u00a0al. Effects and individual response of continuous and interval training on adiponectin concentration, cardiometabolic risk factors, and physical fitness in overweight adolescents. Eur J Pediatr. 2023;182(6):2881\u20132889. doi:10.1007\/s00431-023-04974-6"},{"issue":"11","key":"r30","series-title":"Am J Transl Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6889","DOI":"10.62347\/LZIS9354","article-title":"Effects of high-intensity interval training on lipid metabolism, tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1, and C-reactive protein in overweight children","volume":"16","author":"Wang X","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang X, Fan M, Meng Q, et\u00a0al. Effects of high-intensity interval training on lipid metabolism, tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1, and C-reactive protein in overweight children. Am J Transl Res. 2024;16(11):6889\u20136902. doi:10.62347\/LZIS9354"},{"issue":"9","key":"r31","series-title":"Diabetes","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2191","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.52.9.2191","article-title":"Enhanced fat oxidation through physical activity is associated with improvements in insulin sensitivity in obesity","volume":"52","author":"Goodpaster BH","year":"2003","unstructured":"Goodpaster BH, Katsiaras A, Kelley DE. Enhanced fat oxidation through physical activity is associated with improvements in insulin sensitivity in obesity. Diabetes. 2003;52(9):2191\u20132197. doi:10.2337\/diabetes.52.9.2191"},{"issue":"3","key":"r32","series-title":"J Nov Physiother","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4172\/2165-7025.1000211","article-title":"High-intensity interval training and obesity","volume":"4","author":"Alahmadi MA","year":"2014","unstructured":"Alahmadi MA. High-intensity interval training and obesity. J Nov Physiother. 2014;4(3):211. doi:10.4172\/2165-7025.1000211"},{"key":"r33","series-title":"Front Physiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2020.558910","article-title":"Effect of high-intensity interval training on body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness, blood pressure, and substrate utilization during exercise among prehypertensive and hypertensive patients with excessive adiposity","volume":"11","author":"Delgado-Floody P","year":"2020","unstructured":"Delgado-Floody P, Izquierdo M, Ramirez-Velez R, et\u00a0al. Effect of high-intensity interval training on body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness, blood pressure, and substrate utilization during exercise among prehypertensive and hypertensive patients with excessive adiposity. Front Physiol. 2020;11:558910. doi:10.3389\/fphys.2020.558910"},{"issue":"2","key":"r34","series-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000001099","article-title":"High-intensity interval training increases cardiac output and VO2max","volume":"49","author":"Astorino TA","year":"2017","unstructured":"Astorino TA, Edmunds RM, Clark A, et\u00a0al. High-intensity interval training increases cardiac output and VO2max. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2017;49(2):265\u2013273. doi:10.1249\/MSS.0000000000001099"},{"key":"r35","series-title":"J Cardiovasc Dev Dis","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcdd12040158","article-title":"Narrative review of high-intensity interval training: positive impacts on cardiovascular health and disease prevention","volume":"12","author":"Ko JM","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ko JM, So WY, Park SE. Narrative review of high-intensity interval training: positive impacts on cardiovascular health and disease prevention. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis. 2025;12:158. doi:10.3390\/jcdd12040158"},{"issue":"1","key":"r36","series-title":"Int J Obes","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0803774","article-title":"Physical fitness in childhood and adolescence: a powerful marker of health","volume":"32","author":"Ortega FB","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ortega FB, Ruiz JR, Castillo MJ, et\u00a0al. Physical fitness in childhood and adolescence: a powerful marker of health. Int J Obes. 2008;32(1):774. doi:10.1038\/sj.ijo.0803774"},{"issue":"suppl 6","key":"r37","series-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S459","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-200106001-00016","article-title":"Physical activity and all-cause mortality: what is the dose-response relation?","volume":"33","author":"Lee IM","year":"2001","unstructured":"Lee IM, Skerrett PJ. Physical activity and all-cause mortality: what is the dose-response relation? Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2001;33(suppl 6):S459\u2013S471; discussion S493\u2013S494. doi:10.1097\/00005768-200106001-00016"},{"issue":"7","key":"r38","series-title":"Metabolism","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"814","DOI":"10.1016\/0026-0495(94)90259-3","article-title":"Impact of exercise intensity on body fatness and skeletal muscle metabolism","volume":"43","author":"Tremblay A","year":"1994","unstructured":"Tremblay A, Simoneau JA, Bouchard C. Impact of exercise intensity on body fatness and skeletal muscle metabolism. Metabolism. 1994;43(7):814\u2013818. doi:10.1016\/0026-0495(94)90259-3"},{"issue":"3","key":"r39","series-title":"J Appl Physiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.90880.2008","article-title":"Brief intense interval exercise activates AMPK and p38 MAPK signaling and increases the expression of PGC-1alpha in human skeletal muscle","volume":"106","author":"Gibala MJ","year":"2009","unstructured":"Gibala MJ, McGee SL, Garnham AP, et\u00a0al. Brief intense interval exercise activates AMPK and p38 MAPK signaling and increases the expression of PGC-1alpha in human skeletal muscle. J Appl Physiol. 2009;106(3):929\u2013934. doi:10.1152\/japplphysiol.90880.2008"},{"issue":"6","key":"r40","series-title":"Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R1303","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00538.2010","article-title":"An acute bout of high-intensity interval training increases the nuclear abundance of PGC-1\u03b1 and activates mitochondrial biogenesis in human skeletal muscle","volume":"300","author":"Little JP","year":"2011","unstructured":"Little JP, Safdar A, Bishop D, et\u00a0al. An acute bout of high-intensity interval training increases the nuclear abundance of PGC-1\u03b1 and activates mitochondrial biogenesis in human skeletal muscle. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2011;300(6):R1303\u2013R1310. doi:10.1152\/ajpregu.00538.2010"},{"issue":"8","key":"r41","series-title":"Hypertens Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.1038\/hr.2010.72","article-title":"Effects of high-intensity aerobic interval training vs. moderate exercise on hemodynamic, metabolic and neuro-humoral abnormalities of young normotensive women at high familial risk for hypertension","volume":"33","author":"Ciolac EG","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ciolac EG, Bocchi EA, Bortolotto LA, et\u00a0al. Effects of high-intensity aerobic interval training vs. moderate exercise on hemodynamic, metabolic and neuro-humoral abnormalities of young normotensive women at high familial risk for hypertension. Hypertens Res. 2010;33(8):836\u2013843. doi:10.1038\/hr.2010.72"},{"issue":"7","key":"r42","series-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1652","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(96)00393-2","article-title":"Cardiovascular effects of exercise: role of endothelial shear stress","volume":"28","author":"Niebauer J","year":"1996","unstructured":"Niebauer J, Cooke JP. Cardiovascular effects of exercise: role of endothelial shear stress. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1996;28(7):1652\u20131660. doi:10.1016\/S0735-1097(96)00393-2"},{"issue":"6","key":"r43","series-title":"Curr Cardiol Rep","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1007\/s11886-012-0313-7","article-title":"Dyslipidemias in the prevention of cardiovascular disease: risks and causality","volume":"14","author":"Graham I","year":"2012","unstructured":"Graham I, Cooney MT, Bradley D, et\u00a0al. Dyslipidemias in the prevention of cardiovascular disease: risks and causality. Curr Cardiol Rep. 2012;14(6):709\u2013720. doi:10.1007\/s11886-012-0313-7"},{"issue":"25","key":"r44","series-title":"Circulation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circ.106.25.3143","article-title":"Third report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) expert panel on detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood cholesterol in adults (Adult Treatment Panel III) final report","volume":"106","year":"2002","unstructured":"National Cholesterol Education Program. Third report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) expert panel on detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood cholesterol in adults (Adult Treatment Panel III) final report. Circulation. 2002;106(25):3143. doi:10.1161\/circ.106.25.3143"},{"issue":"suppl 6","key":"r45","series-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S502","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-200106001-00021","article-title":"Response of blood lipids to exercise training alone or combined with dietary intervention","volume":"33","author":"Leon AS","year":"2001","unstructured":"Leon AS, Sanchez O. Response of blood lipids to exercise training alone or combined with dietary intervention. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2001;33(suppl 6):S502\u2013S515. doi:10.1097\/00005768-200106001-00021"},{"issue":"4","key":"r46","series-title":"Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord","first-page":"S18","article-title":"Impact of exercise on adipose tissue metabolism in humans","volume":"19","author":"Arner P","year":"1995","unstructured":"Arner P. Impact of exercise on adipose tissue metabolism in humans. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 1995;19(4):S18\u2013S21. PubMed ID: 8581090"},{"issue":"2","key":"r47","series-title":"Diabetes Metab Syndr","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1359","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2019.02.006","article-title":"Impact of 5-week high-intensity interval training on indices of cardiometabolic health in men","volume":"13","author":"Lira FS","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lira FS, Antunes BM, Figueiredo C, et\u00a0al. Impact of 5-week high-intensity interval training on indices of cardiometabolic health in men. Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2019;13(2):1359\u20131364. doi:10.1016\/j.dsx.2019.02.006"},{"issue":"6","key":"r48","series-title":"Can J Physiol Pharmacol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1139\/y92-121","article-title":"Exercise training has a heparin-like effect on lipoprotein lipase activity in muscle","volume":"70","author":"Oscai LB","year":"1992","unstructured":"Oscai LB, Tsika RW, Essig DA. Exercise training has a heparin-like effect on lipoprotein lipase activity in muscle. Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 1992;70(6):905\u2013909. doi:10.1139\/y92-121"},{"key":"r49","series-title":"Diabetes","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.2337\/db16-0530","article-title":"Enhanced muscle insulin sensitivity after contraction\/exercise is mediated by AMPK","volume":"66","author":"Kjobsted R","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kjobsted R, Munk-Hansen N, Birk JB, et\u00a0al. Enhanced muscle insulin sensitivity after contraction\/exercise is mediated by AMPK. Diabetes. 2017;66:598\u2013612. doi:10.2337\/db16-0530"},{"key":"r50","series-title":"Front Endocrinol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2020.00561","article-title":"High-intensity interval training restores glycolipid metabolism and mitochondrial function in skeletal muscle of mice with type 2 diabetes","volume":"11","author":"Zheng L","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zheng L, Rao Z, Guo Y, et\u00a0al. High-intensity interval training restores glycolipid metabolism and mitochondrial function in skeletal muscle of mice with type 2 diabetes. Front Endocrinol. 2020;11:561. doi:10.3389\/fendo.2020.00561"}],"container-title":["Pediatric Exercise Science"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.humankinetics.com\/view\/journals\/pes\/38\/3\/article-p361.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.humankinetics.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/pes\/38\/3\/article-p361.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.humankinetics.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/pes\/38\/3\/article-p361.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T17:23:35Z","timestamp":1791393815000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.humankinetics.com\/view\/journals\/pes\/38\/3\/article-p361.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1123\/pes.2025-0123","relation":{},"ISSN":["0899-8493","1543-2920"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0899-8493","type":"print"},{"value":"1543-2920","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]]}}}