{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T12:29:36Z","timestamp":1784636976484,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Human Kinetics","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic><jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> Nearly all females use some form of contraception in their lifetimes, making hormonal contraception (HC) a prevalent hormonal landscape. The purpose of this survey was to characterize the prevalence of HC use and the associated perceived side effects in active U.S. adult females. <jats:italic><jats:bold>Study Design<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> Six hundred seventy active adult females between ages 18 and 52\u00a0years living in the United States (age\u2009=\u200930.7\u2009\u00b1\u20098.1\u00a0years; body mass index\u2009=\u200925.4\u2009\u00b1\u20095.5\u00a0kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>) completed an online questionnaire based on previously validated assessments to characterize menstrual cycle, prevalence of HC use, perceived side effects, and physical activity. Physical activity was reported in minutes over 7\u00a0days and converted into metabolic equivalent-minutes per week. Data are reported as descriptive statistics and proportions; Pearson\u2019s chi-squared analyses were used to examine the relationships between categorical variables. <jats:italic><jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> Overall, 65.2% of females reported using HC. Combined oral contraceptives were most commonly used (48.3%), followed by intrauterine devices (40.7%). Compared with non-HC users, HC users reported a significantly lower occurrence of premenstrual syndrome (65.7% vs. 54.0%, respectively; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.004). Compared with the prevalence of perceived negative side effects, HC users reported a higher prevalence of perceived positive side effects. Progestin-only HC users reported significantly more perceived negative side effects than combination HC users (58.2% vs. 48.5%, respectively; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.042). The physical activity level did not appear to influence perceived side effects. <jats:italic><jats:bold>Conclusions<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> HC use in females remains very high. HC users reported a higher number of perceived positive side effects compared with perceived negative side effects; the type of HC method may impact the perceived side effects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1123\/wspaj.2024-0016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,11]],"date-time":"2024-11-11T18:07:29Z","timestamp":1731348449000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["A Survey Evaluating the Relationship Between the Perceived Side Effects of Hormonal Contraception and Physical Activity Levels in Adult U.S. Women"],"prefix":"10.1123","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3235-6867","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hannah E.","family":"Cabre","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Reproductive Endocrinology and Women\u2019s Health Laboratory,\u00a0Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA"},{"name":"Applied Physiology Laboratory, Department of Exercise and Sport Science, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0639-3266","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sam R.","family":"Moore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Applied Physiology Laboratory, Department of Exercise and Sport Science, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA"},{"name":"Human Movement Science Curriculum, Department of Allied Health Science, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5405-304X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Abbie E.","family":"Smith-Ryan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Applied Physiology Laboratory, Department of Exercise and Sport Science, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA"},{"name":"Human Movement Science Curriculum, Department of Allied Health Science, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"100","reference":[{"key":"r1","series-title":"Contraception","author":"Bansode, O.M.","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bansode, O.M., Sarao, M.S., & Cooper, D.B. 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