{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,29]],"date-time":"2025-08-29T10:39:45Z","timestamp":1756463985625},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Human Kinetics","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec sec-type=\"purpose\"><jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate physiological performance determinants of the partial laps and an overall 22-km handbiking (HB) time trial in athletes with high paraplegia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec sec-type=\"methods\"><jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Seven male HB athletes with spinal cord injury (lesion levels thoracic 2-8) performed a laboratory maximal incremental test under cardiorespiratory-mechanical monitoring including respiratory-exchange ratio (RER), oxygen uptake (V\u0307O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>), and mechanical power output (PO). Individual first and second ventilatory thresholds (V\u0307O<jats:sub>2VT1<\/jats:sub> and V\u0307O<jats:sub>2VT2<\/jats:sub>), V\u0307O<jats:sub>2peak<\/jats:sub>, and PO<jats:sub>peak<\/jats:sub> were posteriorly identified. Athletes also performed a simulated HB time trial along a 4-lap bike circuit under cardiorespiratory measurement. Overall metabolic cost (C) and %V\u0307O<jats:sub>2peak<\/jats:sub> (ratio of V\u0307O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> to V\u0307O<jats:sub>2peak<\/jats:sub>) were calculated from race data. Race performance was defined as mean race velocity (v).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec sec-type=\"results\"><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p>athletes completed the 22-km HB time trial in 45 \u00b1 6 min, at 29.9 \u00b1 3.6 km\/h, with %V\u0307O<jats:sub>2peak<\/jats:sub> = 0.86 \u00b1 0.10 and RER = 1.07 \u00b1 0.17. V\u0307O<jats:sub>2peak<\/jats:sub> (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> = .89, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = .01), PO<jats:sub>peak<\/jats:sub> (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> = .85, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = .02), V\u0307O<jats:sub>2VT1<\/jats:sub> (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> = .96, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = .001), V\u0307O<jats:sub>2VT2<\/jats:sub> (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> = .92, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = .003), and C (2nd lap, <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> = .78; 3rd lap, <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> = .80; and 4th lap, <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> = .80) were significantly (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; .05) positively correlated with race performance. Within-subjects correlation coefficient revealed a large and significant (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> = .68, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; .001) relationship between %V\u0307O<jats:sub>2peak<\/jats:sub> and v.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec sec-type=\"conclusions\"><jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title><jats:p>V\u0307O<jats:sub>2peak<\/jats:sub>, PO<jats:sub>peak<\/jats:sub>, ventilatory thresholds, %V\u0307O<jats:sub>2peak<\/jats:sub>, and C appeared to be important physiological performance determinants of HB time trial.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2014-0429","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,10]],"date-time":"2015-03-10T21:24:25Z","timestamp":1426022665000},"page":"965-971","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Physiological Performance Determinants of a 22-km Handbiking Time Trial"],"prefix":"10.1123","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Gabriela","family":"Fischer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Pedro","family":"Figueiredo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Luca P.","family":"Ardig\u00f2","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"100","container-title":["International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.humankinetics.com\/view\/journals\/ijspp\/10\/8\/article-p965.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.humankinetics.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/ijspp\/10\/8\/article-p965.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,19]],"date-time":"2022-05-19T18:45:29Z","timestamp":1652985929000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.humankinetics.com\/view\/journals\/ijspp\/10\/8\/article-p965.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,11]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1123\/ijspp.2014-0429","relation":{},"ISSN":["1555-0265","1555-0273"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1555-0265","type":"print"},{"value":"1555-0273","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,11]]}}}