{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T18:59:26Z","timestamp":1760122766627},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Human Kinetics","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic><jats:bold>Purpose<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic>To assess the sensitivity of nocturnal heart-rate-variability-monitoring methods to the effects of late-night soccer training sessions in female athletes.<jats:italic><jats:bold>Methods<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic>Eleven female soccer players competing in the first division of the Portuguese soccer league wore heart-rate monitors during sleep at night throughout a 1-wk competitive in-season microcycle, after late-night training sessions (n\u2009=\u20093) and rest days (n\u2009=\u20093). Heart rate variability was analyzed through \u201cslow-wave sleep episode\u201d (10-min duration) and \u201chour by hour\u201d (all the RR intervals recorded throughout the hours of sleep). Training load was quantified by session rating of perceived exertion (281.8 [117.9] to 369.0 [111.7] arbitrary units [a.u.]) and training impulse (77.5 [36.5] to 110.8 [31.6] a.u.), added to subjective well-being ratings (Hopper index\u2009=\u200911.6 [4.4] to 12.8 [3.2] a.u.). These variables were compared between training and rest days using repeated-measures analysis of variance.<jats:italic><jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic>The log-transformed slow-wave sleep-episode cardiac autonomic activity (lnRMSSD [natural logarithm of the square root of the mean of the sum of the squares of differences between adjacent normal RR intervals] varying between 3.92 [0.57] and 4.20 [0.60] ms;<jats:inline-formula \/>; 95% confidence interval, .01\u2013.26), lnHF (natural logarithm of high frequency), lnLF (natural logarithm of low frequency), lnSD<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>(natural logarithm of short-term beat-to-beat variability), and lnSD<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>(natural logarithm of long-term beat-to-beat variability), and the nontransformed LF\/HF were not different among night-training session days and rest days (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&gt;\u2009.05). Considering the hour-by-hour method (lnRMSSD varying between 4.05 [0.35] and 4.33 [0.32] ms;<jats:inline-formula \/>; 95% confidence interval, .26\u2013.52), lnHF, lnLF, lnSD<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>, and lnSD<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>and the nontransformed LF\/HF were not different among night-training session days and rest days (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&gt;\u2009.05).<jats:italic><jats:bold>Conclusion<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic>Late-night soccer training does not seem to affect nocturnal slow-wave sleep-episode and hour-by-hour heart-rate-variability indices in highly trained athletes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2017-0681","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,18]],"date-time":"2018-01-18T14:48:16Z","timestamp":1516286896000},"page":"638-644","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Effects of Late-Night Training on \u201cSlow-Wave Sleep Episode\u201d and Hour-by-Hour-Derived Nocturnal Cardiac Autonomic Activity in Female Soccer 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