{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T19:29:21Z","timestamp":1771010961747,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"Human Kinetics","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,1]]},"abstract":"Purpose<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> To analyze whether exercise training conducted at night disturbs sleep and affects nocturnal cardiac autonomic control in high-level female athletes. Methods<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> A total of 18 high-level female soccer players (mean [SD] age 20.4 [2.1]\u00a0y) wore actigraphs and heart-rate (HR) monitors during night sleep throughout night training days (n\u2009=\u20098) and resting days (n\u2009=\u20098), for 3 consecutive weeks. This was a longitudinal study that measured internal training load, sleep, nocturnal cardiac autonomic activity, and well-being ratings prior to training sessions. Results<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> Training load varied across training days (eg,\u00a0training impulse range, mean [SD]; effect size, ES [95% confidence interval]: 72.9 [18.8] to 138.4 [29.6]\u00a0a.u.; F<\/jats:italic>4,62<\/jats:sub>\u2009=\u200932.331; [.001\u2013.16], large effect; P<\/jats:italic>\u2009<\u2009.001). However, no differences in subjective well-being ratings were observed, although ES was large. Total sleep time (training days vs resting days: 07:17 [00:47]\u00a0h vs 07:51 [00:42]\u00a0h; ES\u2009=\u20090.742 [0.59\u20130.92], P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.005; moderate effect) and sleep-onset time (00:58 [00:19]\u00a0h vs 00:44 [00:16]\u00a0h; ES\u2009=\u20090.802 [0.68\u20130.94], P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.001; moderate effect) were negatively affected after night training. In addition, small effects were detected for wake-up time, time in bed, and sleep latency (P<\/jats:italic>\u2009>\u2009.05). No differences were detected in HR variability during sleep (range of lnRMSSD: 4.3 [0.4] to 4.5 [0.4] ln[ms] vs 4.6 [0.3] to 4.5 [0.4] ln[ms]; F<\/jats:italic>3,52<\/jats:sub>\u2009=\u20092.148; P<\/jats:italic>\u2009>\u2009.05; [.01\u2013.25], medium effect), but HR during sleep was significantly higher after training days (range of HR: 56 [4] to 63 [7] beats\/min vs 54 [4] to 57 [6]\u00a0beats\/min; F<\/jats:italic>2,32<\/jats:sub>\u2009=\u200915.956; P<\/jats:italic>\u2009<\u2009.001; [.20\u2013.63], large effect). Conclusion<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> Overall, the results indicate that exercise training conducted at night may disturb sleep and affect HR, whereas limited effects can be expected in HR variability assessed during sleep in high-level female soccer players.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2018-0652","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,20]],"date-time":"2018-12-20T12:43:18Z","timestamp":1545309798000},"page":"779-787","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Does Night Training Load Affect Sleep Patterns and Nocturnal Cardiac Autonomic Activity in High-Level Female Soccer Players?"],"prefix":"10.1123","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"J\u00falio A.","family":"Costa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Brito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"F\u00e1bio Y.","family":"Nakamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Eduardo M.","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ovidio P.","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ant\u00f3nio N.","family":"Rebelo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"100","reference":[{"key":"ref741","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1475-0961.2003.00523.x","article-title":"Decrease in heart rate variability with overtraining: assessment by the Poincare plot analysis","volume":"24","author":"Mourot","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Physiol Funct Imaging"},{"key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1333","DOI":"10.1080\/02640414.2015.1135249","article-title":"Impaired sleep and recovery after night matches in elite football players","volume":"34","author":"Fullagar","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Sports Sci"},{"key":"ref411","first-page":"286","article-title":"Acute modification of cardiac autonomic function of high-intensity interval training in collegiate male soccer players with different chronotype: a cross-over study","volume":"16","author":"Bonato","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Sports Sci Med"},{"key":"ref601","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2015.02.004","article-title":"High cardiac vagal control is related to better subjective and objective sleep quality","volume":"106","author":"Werner","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biol Psychol"},{"key":"ref141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-014-0253-z","article-title":"Monitoring training load to understand fatigue in athletes","volume":"44","author":"Halson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"ref611","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1339","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-015-3109-9","article-title":"Factors to consider when assessing diurnal variation in sports performance: the influence of chronotype and habitual training time-of-day","volume":"115","author":"Rae","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"ref531","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1080\/17461391.2012.696711","article-title":"Sleep or swim? 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