{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T22:48:55Z","timestamp":1775170135172,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Human Kinetics","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,1]]},"abstract":"Purpose<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic>To analyze the association between body fluid changes evaluated by bioelectrical impedance vector analysis and dilution techniques over a competitive season in athletes.Methods<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic>A total of 58 athletes of both sexes (men: age 18.7 [4.0]\u00a0y and women: age 19.2 [6.0]\u00a0y) engaging in different sports were evaluated at the beginning (pre) and 6 months after (post) the competitive season. Deuterium dilution and bromide dilution were used as the criterion methods to assess total body water (TBW) and extracellular water (ECW), respectively; intracellular water (ICW) was calculated as TBW\u2013ECW. Bioelectrical resistance and reactance were obtained with a phase-sensitive 50-kHz bioelectrical impedance analysis device; bioelectrical impedance vector analysis was applied. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was used to assess fat mass and fat-free mass. The athletes were empirically classified considering TBW change (pre\u2013post, increase or decrease) according to sex.Results<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic>Significant mean vector displacements in the postgroups were observed in both sexes. Specifically, reductions in vector length (Z\/H) were associated with increases in TBW and ICW (r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009\u2212.718,P<\/jats:italic>\u2009<\u2009.01;r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009\u2212.630,P<\/jats:italic>\u2009<\u2009.01, respectively) and decreases in ECW:ICW ratio (r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.344,P<\/jats:italic>\u2009<\u2009.05), even after adjusting for age, height, and sex. Phase-angle variations were positively associated with TBW and ICW (r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.458,P<\/jats:italic>\u2009<\u2009.01;r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.564,P<\/jats:italic>\u2009<\u2009.01, respectively) and negatively associated with ECW:ICW (r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009\u2212.436,P<\/jats:italic>\u2009<\u2009.01). Phase angle significantly increased in all the postgroups except in women in whom TBW decreased.Conclusions<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic>The results suggest that bioelectrical impedance vector analysis is a suitable method to obtain a qualitative indication of body fluid changes during a competitive season in athletes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2019-0285","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,12]],"date-time":"2019-06-12T17:17:04Z","timestamp":1560359824000},"page":"361-367","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["Identifying Athlete Body Fluid Changes During a Competitive Season With Bioelectrical Impedance Vector Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1123","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Francesco","family":"Campa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Catarina N.","family":"Matias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Elisabetta","family":"Marini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Steven 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season","volume":"55","author":"Mascherini","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Sports Med Phys Fitness"},{"key":"ref461","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1323","DOI":"10.1038\/s41430-018-0215-x","article-title":"Physiology of exercise and phase angle: another look at BIA","volume":"72","author":"Sardinha","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"ref261","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E809","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11040809","article-title":"Classification of hydration in clinical conditions: indirect and direct approaches using bioimpedance","volume":"11","author":"Lukaski","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"ref01","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0838.2010.01207.x","article-title":"Dehydration and rehydration in competative sport","volume":"20","author":"Maughan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Scand J Med Sci 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