{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,21]],"date-time":"2026-03-21T21:45:33Z","timestamp":1774129533749,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Human Kinetics","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The Pictorial Scale of Perceived Water Competence is a tool used to measure self-perception of water competence in children aged from 5 to 8. The aim of this study was to translate the tool into Portuguese and to evaluate the face validity in 120 children ages from 5 to 8\u00a0years from Portugal. Individual interviews were conducted with children to assess familiarity with the 17 Pictorial Scale of Perceived Water Competence aquatic skills and their ability to sequence the scale correctly and logically. Familiarity with aquatic skills (88.2%) and ability to sequence (95.0%) and to logically explain the sequence (97.0%) were high. Nevertheless, these scores were lower (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u2009.05) in the children aged 5. In addition, a dependency relationship between children\u2019s familiarity, sequencing, and comprehension of skills with previous aquatic experience was observed when controlled by age\u2014in favor of more experienced children (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u2009.05). The Portuguese version of the Pictorial Scale of Perceived Water Competence is well adapted tool for children aged 5\u20138\u00a0years with aquatic experiences and shows very-high level of skill familiarity and good ability to sequence and justify skill progression. However, younger children and those with no previous aquatic experience may have less familiarity and understanding of aquatic skills.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1123\/jmld.2024-0057","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,18]],"date-time":"2025-08-18T18:17:15Z","timestamp":1755541035000},"page":"802-816","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Translation and Face Validity of the Portuguese Version of the Pictorial Scale of Perceived Water Competence"],"prefix":"10.1123","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Leonel M.","family":"Reis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center in Sports, Health and Human Development (CIDESD), Department of Sports Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0296-9707","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Aldo M.","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center in Sports, Health and Human Development (CIDESD), Department of Sports Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Liliane S.","family":"Morgado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit for a Life-Course Perspective on Health and Education, Department of Physical Activity and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Li\u00e8ge, Li\u00e8ge, Belgium"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8242-2669","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kristine","family":"De Martelaer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit on Movement and Nutrition for Health and Performance, Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5646-2261","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Eva","family":"D\u2019Hondt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit on Movement and Nutrition for Health and Performance, Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4354-0990","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Arja","family":"S\u00e4\u00e4kslahti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4, Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4, Finland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0758-7532","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kristy","family":"Howells","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Social Sciences, Canterbury Christ Church University, Canterbury, United Kingdom"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9731-625X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Lisa M.","family":"Barnett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Health and Social Development, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5790-5116","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ant\u00f3nio J.","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center in Sports, Health and Human Development (CIDESD), Department of Sport Sciences, Exercise and Health, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8105-7580","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Nuno D.","family":"Garrido","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center in Sports, Health and Human Development (CIDESD), Department of Sport Sciences, Exercise and Health, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7535-8993","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Boris","family":"Jidovtseff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit for a Life-Course Perspective on Health and Education, Department of Physical Activity and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Li\u00e8ge, Li\u00e8ge, Belgium"}]}],"member":"100","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"r1","series-title":"Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2013.12.004","article-title":"Face validity and reliability of a pictorial instrument for assessing fundamental movement skill perceived competence in young children","volume":"18","author":"Barnett, L.M.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Barnett, L.M., Ridgers, N.D., Zask, A., & Salmon, J. 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