{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T06:46:16Z","timestamp":1776321976275,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Human Kinetics","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Background<\/jats:bold>: This study examined the associations between environmental characteristics of early childhood education and care (ECEC) centers and 1-year change in toddlers\u2019 physical activity and sedentary behavior while at the centers. <jats:bold>Methods<\/jats:bold>: Data from 292 toddlers from the GET-UP! study were analyzed. Environmental characteristics of ECEC centers were rated using the Infant\/Toddler Environment Rating Scale-revised edition at baseline. Children\u2019s physical activity and sedentary behavior in the centers were assessed using activPAL devices, at baseline and at 1-year follow-up. Linear mixed models were performed to examine the associations between the environmental characteristics and change in the proportion of time spent in physical activity and sedentary behavior. <jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>: Compared with baseline, children spent a higher proportion of time in sedentary behavior (sitting) but a lower proportion of time in standing and physical activity (stepping) while at ECEC centers, at 1-year follow-up. The environmental characteristics \u201cinteraction\u201d (<jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009\u22121.39; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.01) and \u201cprogram structure\u201d (<jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009\u22121.15; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.04) were negatively associated with change in the proportion of time spent in physical activity. <jats:bold>Conclusion<\/jats:bold>: Better \u201cinteraction\u201d and \u201cprogram structure\u201d may preclude children\u2019s physical activity from declining over time and may be considered important features to target in future interventions in ECEC centers aiming at promoting active lifestyles.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1123\/jpah.2019-0066","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,2]],"date-time":"2019-09-02T04:29:02Z","timestamp":1567398542000},"page":"1000-1006","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["The Associations Between Environmental Characteristics of Early Childhood Education and Care Centers and 1-Year Change in Toddlers\u2019 Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior"],"prefix":"10.1123","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Zhiguang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Eduarda","family":"Sousa-S\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o R.","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Anthony D.","family":"Okely","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Xiaoqi","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Rute","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"100","reference":[{"key":"ref481","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1080\/1350293X.2018.1412051","article-title":"Quality in Norwegian childcare for toddlers using ITERS-R","volume":"26","author":"Bj\u00f8rnestad","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur Early Childhood Educ Res J"},{"key":"ref271","first-page":"1","article-title":"The developmental-interaction approach to education: retrospect and prospect","volume":"1999","author":"Nager","year":"1999","journal-title":"Occasion Paper Series"},{"key":"ref261","first-page":"43","article-title":"Ecological models of health behavior","volume":"5","author":"Sallis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Health Behav Theory Res Pract"},{"key":"ref291","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-016-0723-6","article-title":"\u201cGET-UP\u201d study rationale and protocol: a cluster randomised controlled trial to evaluate the effects of reduced sitting on toddlers\u2019 cognitive development","volume":"16","author":"Santos","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Pediatr"},{"key":"ref381","author":"Pink","year":"2011","journal-title":"Socio-Economic Indexes for Areas (SEIFA), Technical Paper"},{"key":"ref331","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1139\/h11-002","article-title":"Physical activity in Ontario preschoolers: prevalence and measurement issues","volume":"36","author":"Obeid","year":"2011","journal-title":"Appl Physiol Nutr Metab"},{"key":"ref281","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmedr.2017.02.017","article-title":"Relationship between children\u2019s physical activity, sedentary behavior, and childcare environments: a cross sectional study","volume":"6","author":"Peden","year":"2017","journal-title":"Prev Med Rep"},{"key":"ref361","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecresq.2009.02.001","article-title":"Examining the psychometric properties of the Infant\u2013Toddler Environment Rating Scale-Revised Edition in a high-stakes context","volume":"24","author":"Bisceglia","year":"2009","journal-title":"Early Childhood Res Quarter"},{"key":"ref461","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jesf.2018.03.001","article-title":"The differences in physical activity levels in preschool children during free play recess and structured play recess","volume":"16","author":"Frank","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Exerc Sci Fit"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2013.03.001","article-title":"Tracking physical activity and sedentary behavior in childhood: a systematic review","volume":"44","author":"Jones","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"key":"ref311","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0802311","article-title":"Physical activity in overweight and nonoverweight preschool children","volume":"27","author":"Trost","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord"},{"key":"ref151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1186\/s12966-015-0198-0","article-title":"Environmental factors associated with physical activity in childcare centers","volume":"12","author":"Henderson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act"},{"key":"ref01","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)15331-7","article-title":"Total energy expenditure and physical activity in young Scottish children: mixed longitudinal study","volume":"363","author":"Reilly","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref231","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1794","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph110201794","article-title":"The influence of centre-based childcare on preschoolers\u2019 physical activity levels: a cross-sectional study","volume":"11","author":"Vanderloo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthplace.2015.05.006","article-title":"Patterns of neighborhood environment attributes in relation to children\u2019s physical activity","volume":"34","author":"Kurka","year":"2015","journal-title":"Health Place"},{"key":"ref121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1067\/mpd.2002.120693","article-title":"Factors associated with physical activity in preschool children","volume":"140","author":"Finn","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"ref221","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2012.07.014","article-title":"Efficacy and feasibility of lowering playground density to promote physical activity and to discourage sedentary time during recess at preschool: a pilot study","volume":"55","author":"Van Cauwenberghe","year":"2012","journal-title":"Prev Med"},{"key":"ref201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8624.2008.01245.x","article-title":"Social and environmental factors associated with preschoolers\u2019 nonsedentary physical activity","volume":"80","author":"Brown","year":"2009","journal-title":"Child Dev"},{"key":"ref451","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneb.2014.08.015","article-title":"Toddler activity intensity during indoor free-play: stand and watch","volume":"47","author":"Fees","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Nutr Educ Behav"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2017.10.002","article-title":"Environmental characteristics of early childhood education and care centres and young children\u2019s weight status: a systematic review","volume":"106","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Prev Med"},{"key":"ref211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e261","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2008-2498","article-title":"Policies and characteristics of the preschool environment and physical activity of young children","volume":"123","author":"Dowda","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref341","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1123\/pes.2013-0106","article-title":"Validation of activPAL defined sedentary time and breaks in sedentary time in 4-to 6-year-olds","volume":"26","author":"Janssen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pediatr Exerc Sci"},{"key":"ref351","volume-title":"Infant\/Toddler Environment Rating Scale","author":"Harms","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1746-1561.2008.00327.x","article-title":"Directly observed physical activity levels in preschool children","volume":"78","author":"Pate","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Sch Health"},{"key":"ref491","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecresq.2009.12.003","article-title":"Assessing the quality of Portuguese child care programs for toddlers","volume":"25","author":"Barros","year":"2010","journal-title":"Early Childhood Res Quarter"},{"key":"ref131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2005.12.006","article-title":"Impact of preschool environment upon children\u2019s physical activity and sun exposure","volume":"42","author":"Boldemann","year":"2006","journal-title":"Prev Med"},{"key":"ref401","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmedr.2016.12.009","article-title":"Sedentary time, physical activity and compliance with IOM recommendations in young children at childcare","volume":"7","author":"Ellis","year":"2017","journal-title":"Prev Med Rep"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-015-0301-3","article-title":"Associations of objectively measured built-environment attributes with youth moderate\u2013vigorous physical activity: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"45","author":"McGrath","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"ref411","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1037\/a0031638","article-title":"The contribution of psychosocial variables in explaining preschoolers\u2019 physical activity","volume":"32","author":"Gagn\u00e9","year":"2013","journal-title":"Health Psychol"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"868","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-017-4849-8","article-title":"Systematic review of the relationships between sedentary behaviour and health indicators in the early years (0\u20134 years)","volume":"17","author":"Poitras","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"ref301","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.13327","article-title":"Association between breaks in sitting time and adiposity in Australian toddlers: Results from the GET-UP! study","volume":"29","author":"Sousa-S\u00e1","year":"2019","journal-title":"Scand J Med Sci Sports"},{"key":"ref421","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1037\/a0021586","article-title":"Interaction between physical environment, social environment, and child characteristics in determining physical activity at child care","volume":"30","author":"Gubbels","year":"2011","journal-title":"Health Psychol"},{"key":"ref441","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2017.12.022","article-title":"Physical activity and sedentary time during childcare outdoor play sessions: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"108","author":"Truelove","year":"2018","journal-title":"Prev Med"},{"key":"ref391","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1201\/b17198","volume-title":"Linear Mixed Models: A Practical Guide Using Statistical Software","author":"West","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000000181","article-title":"Tracking of physical activity from early childhood through youth into adulthood","volume":"46","author":"Tammelin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-017-4860-0","article-title":"Systematic review of the relationships between physical activity and health indicators in the early years (0\u20134 years)","volume":"17","author":"Carson","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"ref321","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e31823b1dc7","article-title":"Validity, practical utility, and reliability of the activPAL in preschool children","volume":"44","author":"Davies","year":"2012","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"ref181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2016.05.019","article-title":"Correlates of children\u2019s objectively measured physical activity and sedentary behavior in early childhood education and care services: a systematic review","volume":"89","author":"Tonge","year":"2016","journal-title":"Prev Med"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2014.05.019","article-title":"Physical and social home environment in relation to children\u2019s overall and home-based physical activity and sedentary time","volume":"66","author":"Tandon","year":"2014","journal-title":"Prev Med"},{"key":"ref161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1186\/1479-5868-11-22","article-title":"A socio-ecological approach to physical activity interventions in childcare: a systematic review","volume":"11","author":"Meht\u00e4l\u00e4","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act"},{"key":"ref371","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthplace.2018.10.008","article-title":"Environmental characteristics of early childhood education and care, daily movement behaviours and adiposity in toddlers: a multilevel mediation analysis from the GET UP! study","volume":"54","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Health Place"},{"key":"ref431","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1111\/1753-6405.12314","article-title":"Child physical activity levels and associations with modifiable characteristics in centre-based childcare","volume":"39","author":"Bell","year":"2015","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Public Health"},{"key":"ref251","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1177\/0013916510393276","article-title":"Attributes of child care centers and outdoor play areas associated with preschoolers\u2019 physical activity and sedentary behavior","volume":"44","author":"Sugiyama","year":"2012","journal-title":"Environ Behav"},{"key":"ref171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1186\/s12966-016-0444-0","article-title":"Preschool and childcare center characteristics associated with children\u2019s physical activity during care hours: an observational study","volume":"13","author":"Hinkley","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act"},{"key":"ref241","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1310","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2012-3961","article-title":"Physical activity in children attending preschools","volume":"132","author":"Olesen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref471","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1080\/10409289.2014.883586","article-title":"Assessing quality in toddler classrooms using the CLASS-Toddler and the ITERS-R","volume":"25","author":"La Paro","year":"2014","journal-title":"Early Educ Dev"},{"key":"ref111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1258","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2003-1088-L","article-title":"Physical activity among children attending preschools","volume":"114","author":"Pate","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2007.09.022","article-title":"The childcare environment and children\u2019s physical activity","volume":"34","author":"Bower","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"}],"container-title":["Journal of Physical Activity and Health"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.humankinetics.com\/view\/journals\/jpah\/16\/11\/article-p1000.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.humankinetics.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/jpah\/16\/11\/article-p1000.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,19]],"date-time":"2022-05-19T22:10:01Z","timestamp":1652998201000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.humankinetics.com\/view\/journals\/jpah\/16\/11\/article-p1000.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,1]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1123\/jpah.2019-0066","relation":{},"ISSN":["1543-3080","1543-5474"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1543-3080","type":"print"},{"value":"1543-5474","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,1]]}}}