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Mice were randomly allocated into 2 study groups: sedentary tumor-induced (n\u2009=\u200914) and exercised tumor-induced (n\u2009=\u200914). Exercise consisted of voluntary running in wheeled cages. Mice (n\u2009=\u20097 per group) were sacrificed either 14 or 28\u00a0days after cell inoculation to evaluate tumor weight and percentage of area occupied by immunohistochemistry stained cells for Ki-67 and TdT-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling, used as surrogate markers of cell proliferation and apoptosis, respectively. <jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>: Compared with sedentary tumor-induced mice, the tumors developed by exercised tumor-induced mice were significantly smaller at 14\u00a0days (0.17 [0.12]\u00a0g vs 0.48 [0.24]\u00a0g, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.05) and at 28\u00a0days (0.92 [0.73]\u00a0g vs 2.09 [1.31]\u00a0g, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.05), with smaller Ki-67 and greater TdT-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end-labeling stained areas (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.05). <jats:bold>Conclusion<\/jats:bold>: These results suggest that regular voluntary running inhibits prostate cancer cell growth by reducing cell proliferation and enhancing apoptosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1123\/jpah.2020-0761","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,13]],"date-time":"2021-04-13T04:50:06Z","timestamp":1618289406000},"page":"653-659","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Regular Voluntary Running Inhibits Androgen-Independent Prostate Cancer Growth in Mice"],"prefix":"10.1123","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"M\u00e1rio","family":"Esteves","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Carina","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Sofia S.","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Tiago","family":"Morais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"\u00c2ngela","family":"Moreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Madalena M.","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mariana P.","family":"Monteiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 A.","family":"Duarte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"100","reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"r1","series-title":"CA Cancer J Clin","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21492","article-title":"Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries","volume":"68","author":"Bray F","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bray F, Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Siegel RL, Torre LA, Jemal A. 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