{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T02:17:31Z","timestamp":1791598651141,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,1]],"date-time":"2019-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1551398400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,1]],"date-time":"2019-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1551398400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dmd.aspetjournals.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Drug Metabolism and Disposition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]},"DOI":"10.1124\/dmd.118.083766","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,19]],"date-time":"2018-12-19T15:35:11Z","timestamp":1545233711000},"page":"257-268","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Kinetics of Cyclophosphamide Metabolism in Humans, Dogs, Cats, and Mice and Relationship to Cytotoxic Activity and Pharmacokinetics"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"47","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2944-8250","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dominique A.","family":"Ramirez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keagan P.","family":"Collins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allister E.","family":"Aradi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine A.","family":"Conger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel L.","family":"Gustafson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1124\/dmd.118.083766_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(84)80193-0","article-title":"Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan): a review on relevant pharmacology and clinical uses","volume":"11","author":"Ahmed","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1124\/dmd.118.083766_bib2","first-page":"1481","article-title":"Cyclophosphamide and 4-hydroxycyclophosphamide\/aldophosphamide kinetics in patients receiving high-dose cyclophosphamide chemotherapy","volume":"2","author":"Anderson","year":"1996","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"10.1124\/dmd.118.083766_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.1988.tb03359.x","article-title":"In vitro inhibition studies of tolbutamide hydroxylase activity of human liver microsomes by azoles, sulphonamides and quinolines","volume":"26","author":"Back","year":"1988","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1124\/dmd.118.083766_bib4","first-page":"226","article-title":"Clinical pharmacology of cyclophosphamide","volume":"33","author":"Bagley","year":"1973","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"10.1124\/dmd.118.083766_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.2174\/138920007779315053","article-title":"Scaling factors for the extrapolation of in vivo metabolic drug clearance from in vitro data: reaching a consensus on values of human microsomal protein and hepatocellularity per gram of liver","volume":"8","author":"Barter","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr Drug Metab"},{"key":"10.1124\/dmd.118.083766_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiotec.2006.01.026","article-title":"Cytochromes P450 as versatile biocatalysts","volume":"124","author":"Bernhardt","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Biotechnol"},{"key":"10.1124\/dmd.118.083766_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.2165\/00003088-200038040-00001","article-title":"Metabolism and pharmacokinetics of oxazaphosphorines","volume":"38","author":"Boddy","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacokinet"},{"key":"10.1124\/dmd.118.083766_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1177\/074823379701300401","article-title":"Physiological parameter values for physiologically based pharmacokinetic models","volume":"13","author":"Brown","year":"1997","journal-title":"Toxicol Ind Health"},{"key":"10.1124\/dmd.118.083766_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2125.1999.00935.x","article-title":"Microsomal prediction of in vivo clearance of CYP2C9 substrates in humans","volume":"47","author":"Carlile","year":"1999","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1124\/dmd.118.083766_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1278","DOI":"10.1124\/mol.65.5.1278","article-title":"Activation of the anticancer prodrugs cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide: identification of cytochrome P450 2B enzymes and site-specific mutants with improved enzyme kinetics","volume":"65","author":"Chen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mol Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1124\/dmd.118.083766_bib11","first-page":"581","article-title":"Intratumoral activation and enhanced chemotherapeutic effect of oxazaphosphorines following cytochrome P-450 gene transfer: development of a combined chemotherapy\/cancer gene therapy strategy","volume":"55","author":"Chen","year":"1995","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"10.1124\/dmd.118.083766_bib12","first-page":"810","article-title":"Nonlinear pharmacokinetics of cyclophosphamide in patients with metastatic breast cancer receiving high-dose chemotherapy followed by autologous bone marrow transplantation","volume":"55","author":"Chen","year":"1995","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"10.1124\/dmd.118.083766_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.2165\/00003088-200544110-00003","article-title":"Clinical pharmacokinetics of cyclophosphamide","volume":"44","author":"de Jonge","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacokinet"},{"key":"10.1124\/dmd.118.083766_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2125.1998.00679.x","article-title":"Differential selectivity of cytochrome P450 inhibitors against probe substrates in human and rat liver microsomes","volume":"45","author":"Eagling","year":"1998","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1124\/dmd.118.083766_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1038\/nrclinonc.2009.146","article-title":"Cyclophosphamide and cancer: golden anniversary","volume":"6","author":"Emadi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat Rev Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1124\/dmd.118.083766_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2002.tb02411.x","article-title":"Evaluation of a 6-month chemotherapy protocol with no maintenance therapy for dogs with lymphoma","volume":"16","author":"Garrett","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1124\/dmd.118.083766_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3065","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02104-15","article-title":"In vitro and in vivo pharmacokinetics of aminoalkylated diarylpropanes NP085 and NP102","volume":"60","author":"Gibhard","year":"2016","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"10.1124\/dmd.118.083766_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrestox.5b00430","article-title":"Covalent DNA-protein cross-linking by phosphoramide mustard and nornitrogen mustard in human cells","volume":"29","author":"Groehler","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chem Res Toxicol"},{"key":"10.1124\/dmd.118.083766_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7007-12-29","article-title":"Models in biology: \u2018accurate descriptions of our pathetic thinking\u2019","volume":"12","author":"Gunawardena","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Biol"},{"key":"10.1124\/dmd.118.083766_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1832","DOI":"10.1007\/s11095-012-0707-7","article-title":"Mass spectrometry-based quantification of CYP enzymes to establish in vitro\/in vivo scaling factors for intestinal and hepatic metabolism in beagle dog","volume":"29","author":"Heikkinen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pharm Res"},{"key":"10.1124\/dmd.118.083766_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-2952(99)00410-4","article-title":"Role of human liver microsomal CYP3A4 and CYP2B6 in catalyzing N-dechloroethylation of cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide","volume":"59","author":"Huang","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1124\/dmd.118.083766_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1725","DOI":"10.1081\/JLC-100100448","article-title":"High performance liquid chromatographic determination of the stabilized cyclophosphamide metabolite 4-hydroxycyclophosphamide in plasma and red blood cells","volume":"23","author":"Huitema","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Liq Chromatogr Relat Technol"},{"key":"10.1124\/dmd.118.083766_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1124\/dmd.30.4.355","article-title":"Atypical kinetic profiles in drug metabolism reactions","volume":"30","author":"Hutzler","year":"2002","journal-title":"Drug Metab Dispos"},{"key":"10.1124\/dmd.118.083766_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"822","DOI":"10.2174\/138920007782798207","article-title":"The conduct of drug metabolism studies considered good practice (II): in vitro experiments","volume":"8","author":"Jia","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr Drug Metab"},{"key":"10.1124\/dmd.118.083766_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"932","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0707173","article-title":"New potent and selective cytochrome P450 2B6 (CYP2B6) inhibitors based on three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (3D-QSAR) analysis","volume":"150","author":"Korhonen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1124\/dmd.118.083766_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.1124\/mol.107.039693","article-title":"Rational engineering of human cytochrome P450 2B6 for enhanced expression and stability: importance of a Leu264->Phe substitution","volume":"72","author":"Kumar","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mol Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1124\/dmd.118.083766_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-9556(25)07368-4","article-title":"Warfarin-fluconazole. I. Inhibition of the human cytochrome P450-dependent metabolism of warfarin by fluconazole: in vitro studies","volume":"24","author":"Kunze","year":"1996","journal-title":"Drug Metab Dispos"},{"key":"10.1124\/dmd.118.083766_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"900","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.2002.63.900","article-title":"In vitro characterization of the inhibitory effects of ketoconazole on metabolic activities of cytochrome P-450 in canine hepatic microsomes","volume":"63","author":"Kuroha","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"10.1124\/dmd.118.083766_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1395","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbagen.2016.03.028","article-title":"Ordered chimerogenesis applied to CYP2B P450 enzymes","volume":"1860","author":"Lautier","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"10.1124\/dmd.118.083766_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2010.06.002","article-title":"Comparative metabolism of cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide in the mouse using UPLC-ESI-QTOFMS-based metabolomics","volume":"80","author":"Li","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1124\/dmd.118.083766_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1015961424122","article-title":"Covalent and noncovalent protein binding of drugs: implications for hepatic clearance, storage, and cell-specific drug delivery","volume":"6","author":"Meijer","year":"1989","journal-title":"Pharm Res"},{"key":"10.1124\/dmd.118.083766_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2125.1998.00721.x","article-title":"Cytochrome P4502C9: an enzyme of major importance in human drug metabolism","volume":"45","author":"Miners","year":"1998","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1124\/dmd.118.083766_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfu233","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms of acrolein toxicity: relevance to human disease","volume":"143","author":"Moghe","year":"2015","journal-title":"Toxicol Sci"},{"key":"10.1124\/dmd.118.083766_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1805","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.28.1805","article-title":"Effect of antifungal drugs on cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C9, CYP2C19, and CYP3A4 activities in human liver microsomes","volume":"28","author":"Niwa","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biol Pharm Bull"},{"key":"10.1124\/dmd.118.083766_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.3109\/00498254.2016.1145754","article-title":"Characterization of feline cytochrome P450 2B6","volume":"47","author":"Okamatsu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Xenobiotica"},{"key":"10.1124\/dmd.118.083766_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1006\/abbi.1996.0294","article-title":"Effects of freezing, thawing, and storing human liver microsomes on cytochrome P450 activity","volume":"331","author":"Pearce","year":"1996","journal-title":"Arch Biochem Biophys"},{"key":"10.1124\/dmd.118.083766_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2011.04.009","article-title":"Cyclophosphamide-based metronomic chemotherapy: after 10 years of experience, where do we stand and where are we going?","volume":"82","author":"Penel","year":"2012","journal-title":"Crit Rev Oncol Hematol"},{"key":"10.1124\/dmd.118.083766_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1111\/jvp.12706","article-title":"Identification of canine cytochrome P-450s (CYPs) metabolizing the tramadol (+)-M1 and (+)-M2 metabolites to the tramadol (+)-M5 metabolite in dog liver microsomes","volume":"41","author":"Perez Jimenez","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Vet Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1124\/dmd.118.083766_bib39","first-page":"4229","article-title":"Oxidation of cyclophosphamide to 4-hydroxycyclophosphamide and deschloroethylcyclophosphamide in human liver microsomes","volume":"57","author":"Ren","year":"1997","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"10.1124\/dmd.118.083766_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1679","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1209377","article-title":"Cytochrome P450 pharmacogenetics and cancer","volume":"25","author":"Rodriguez-Antona","year":"2006","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"10.1124\/dmd.118.083766_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-9556(24)15302-0","article-title":"Development of a substrate-activity based approach to identify the major human liver P-450 catalysts of cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide activation based on cDNA-expressed activities and liver microsomal P-450 profiles","volume":"27","author":"Roy","year":"1999","journal-title":"Drug Metab Dispos"},{"key":"10.1124\/dmd.118.083766_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1211\/0022357056118","article-title":"Effect of micafungin on cytochrome P450 3A4 and multidrug resistance protein 1 activities, and its comparison with azole antifungal drugs","volume":"57","author":"Sakaeda","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Pharm Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1124\/dmd.118.083766_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.2019","article-title":"Fiji: an open-source platform for biological-image analysis","volume":"9","author":"Schindelin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Methods"},{"key":"10.1124\/dmd.118.083766_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.2089","article-title":"NIH Image to ImageJ: 25 years of image analysis","volume":"9","author":"Schneider","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Methods"},{"key":"10.1124\/dmd.118.083766_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1386","DOI":"10.1080\/00498250802491662","article-title":"Determination of microsome and hepatocyte scaling factors for in vitro\/in vivo extrapolation in the rat and dog","volume":"38","author":"Smith","year":"2008","journal-title":"Xenobiotica"},{"key":"10.1124\/dmd.118.083766_bib46","first-page":"391","article-title":"Activation of human B lymphocytes. XII. Differential effects of in vitro cyclophosphamide on human lymphocyte subpopulations involved in B-cell activation","volume":"39","author":"Stevenson","year":"1980","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"10.1124\/dmd.118.083766_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.78.7.862","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of cyclophosphamide and 4-hydroxycyclophosphamide in cats after oral, intravenous, and intraperitoneal administration of cyclophosphamide","volume":"78","author":"Stroda","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"10.1124\/dmd.118.083766_bib48","first-page":"2723","article-title":"Plasma pharmacokinetics of cyclophosphamide and its cytotoxic metabolites after intravenous versus oral administration in a randomized, crossover trial","volume":"47","author":"Struck","year":"1987","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"10.1124\/dmd.118.083766_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2002.tb02352.x","article-title":"Chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and prednisolone (COP) in cats with malignant lymphoma: new results with an old protocol","volume":"16","author":"Teske","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1124\/dmd.118.083766_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1211\/jpp.61.05.0002","article-title":"Cytochrome P450-mediated metabolism in the human gut wall","volume":"61","author":"Thelen","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Pharm Pharmacol"},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"10.1124\/dmd.118.083766_bib51","first-page":"17","article-title":"Issues related to the use of canines in toxicologic pathology\u2014issues with pharmacokinetics and metabolism","volume":"31","author":"Tibbitts","year":"2003","journal-title":"Toxicol Pathol"},{"key":"10.1124\/dmd.118.083766_bib52","series-title":"Basic Cell Culture Protocols","first-page":"1","article-title":"Detection of mycoplasma contaminations","author":"Uphoff","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1124\/dmd.118.083766_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Visser M, Zaya MJ, Locuson CW, Boothe DM, Merritt DA (2018) Comparison of predicted intrinsic hepatic clearance of 30 pharmaceuticals in canine and feline liver microsomes. Xenobiotica DOI:10.1080\/00498254.2018.1437933.","DOI":"10.1080\/00498254.2018.1437933"},{"key":"10.1124\/dmd.118.083766_bib54","series-title":"A Comprehensive Guide to Toxicology in Preclinical Drug Development","first-page":"3","article-title":"ADME in drug discovery","author":"Vrbanac","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1124\/dmd.118.083766_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2011.0730.x","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of cyclophosphamide after oral and intravenous administration to dogs with lymphoma","volume":"25","author":"Warry","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1124\/dmd.118.083766_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.tpj.6500157","article-title":"Role of polymorphic human CYP2B6 in cyclophosphamide bioactivation","volume":"3","author":"Xie","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pharmacogenomics J"},{"key":"10.1124\/dmd.118.083766_bib57","first-page":"168","article-title":"Effects of freezing, thawing, and storage of human liver samples on the microsomal contents and activities of cytochrome P450 enzymes","volume":"25","author":"Yamazaki","year":"1997","journal-title":"Drug Metab Dispos"},{"key":"10.1124\/dmd.118.083766_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2012.12.007","article-title":"Cytochrome P450 enzymes in drug metabolism: regulation of gene expression, enzyme activities, and impact of genetic variation","volume":"138","author":"Zanger","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pharmacol Ther"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1124\/dmd.118.083766err","type":"erratum","label":"Erratum","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000}}],"container-title":["Drug Metabolism and Disposition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0090955624078000?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0090955624078000?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1124\/dmd.118.083766","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,4]],"date-time":"2026-04-04T16:59:08Z","timestamp":1775321948000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0090955624078000"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S0090955624078000"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1124\/dmd.118.083766","relation":{},"ISSN":["0090-9556"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0090-9556","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Kinetics of Cyclophosphamide Metabolism in Humans, Dogs, Cats, and Mice and Relationship to Cytotoxic Activity and Pharmacokinetics","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Drug Metabolism and Disposition","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1124\/dmd.118.083766","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 by The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}