{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T02:34:55Z","timestamp":1774406095352,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]],"date-time":"2022-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646092800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]],"date-time":"2022-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646092800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1037,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dmd.aspetjournals.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Drug Metabolism and Disposition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"DOI":"10.1124\/dmd.121.000648","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,13]],"date-time":"2021-12-13T19:20:16Z","timestamp":1639423216000},"page":"287-298","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Transplacental Pharmacokinetic Model of Digoxin Based on Ex Vivo Human Placental Perfusion Study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"Ken","family":"Kurosawa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Saki","family":"Noguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tomohiro","family":"Nishimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masatoshi","family":"Tomi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Koji","family":"Chiba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1124\/dmd.121.000648_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1219","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrestox.7b00048","article-title":"Evaluating the role of multidrug resistance protein 3 (MDR3) inhibition in predicting drug-induced liver injury using 125 pharmaceuticals","volume":"30","author":"Aleo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chem Res Toxicol"},{"key":"10.1124\/dmd.121.000648_bib2","series-title":"NONMEM user\u2019s guide, part I","author":"Beal","year":"1989"},{"key":"10.1124\/dmd.121.000648_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197105062841801","article-title":"Digitalis intoxication. A prospective clinical study with serum level correlations","volume":"284","author":"Beller","year":"1971","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1124\/dmd.121.000648_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.1995.tb04430.x","article-title":"Protein binding of propranolol and verapamil enantiomers in maternal and foetal serum","volume":"39","author":"Belpaire","year":"1995","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1124\/dmd.121.000648_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1097\/FPC.0b013e32810f2e58","article-title":"Reverse transcriptase-PCR quantification of mRNA levels from cytochrome (CYP)1, CYP2 and CYP3 families in 22 different human tissues","volume":"17","author":"Bi\u00e8che","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pharmacogenet Genomics"},{"key":"10.1124\/dmd.121.000648_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2009\/726593","article-title":"Functional role of p-glycoprotein and binding protein effect on the placental transfer of lopinavir\/ritonavir in the ex vivo human perfusion model","volume":"2009","author":"Ceccaldi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol Int"},{"key":"10.1124\/dmd.121.000648_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2006.01.007","article-title":"P-glycoprotein in the placenta: expression, localization, regulation and function","volume":"22","author":"Ceckova-Novotna","year":"2006","journal-title":"Reprod Toxicol"},{"key":"10.1124\/dmd.121.000648_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1978.tb14929.x","article-title":"Transfer of digoxin across the placenta and into breast milk","volume":"85","author":"Chan","year":"1978","journal-title":"Br J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"10.1124\/dmd.121.000648_bib8a","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1124\/dmd.117.075606","article-title":"Derivation of a System-Independent Ki for P-glycoprotein Mediated Digoxin Transport from System-Dependent IC50 Data","volume":"46","author":"Chaudhry","year":"2018","journal-title":"Drug Metab Dispos"},{"key":"10.1124\/dmd.121.000648_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2004.03.016","article-title":"Biowaiver extension potential to BCS Class III high solubility-low permeability drugs: bridging evidence for metformin immediate-release tablet","volume":"22","author":"Cheng","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur J Pharm Sci"},{"key":"10.1124\/dmd.121.000648_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)23138-X","article-title":"The transport of digoxin across the perfused human placental lobule","volume":"256","author":"Derewlany","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"10.1124\/dmd.121.000648_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/0197-2456(86)90046-2","article-title":"Meta-analysis in clinical trials","volume":"7","author":"DerSimonian","year":"1986","journal-title":"Control Clin Trials"},{"key":"10.1124\/dmd.121.000648_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R1357","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00630.2005","article-title":"ABC drug transporter expression and functional activity in trophoblast-like cell lines and differentiating primary trophoblast","volume":"290","author":"Evseenko","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol"},{"key":"10.1124\/dmd.121.000648_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1124\/dmd.106.011478","article-title":"Independent regulation of apical and basolateral drug transporter expression and function in placental trophoblasts by cytokines, steroids, and growth factors","volume":"35","author":"Evseenko","year":"2007","journal-title":"Drug Metab Dispos"},{"key":"10.1124\/dmd.121.000648_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.108.059360","article-title":"Simultaneous PET imaging of P-glycoprotein inhibition in multiple tissues in the pregnant nonhuman primate","volume":"50","author":"Eyal","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"key":"10.1124\/dmd.121.000648_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1038\/clpt.2008.195","article-title":"Drug-drug interactions mediated through P-glycoprotein: clinical relevance and in vitro-in vivo correlation using digoxin as a probe drug","volume":"85","author":"Fenner","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1124\/dmd.121.000648_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1096","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2005.11.012","article-title":"Transport of glyburide by placental ABC transporters: implications in fetal drug exposure","volume":"27","author":"Gedeon","year":"2006","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"10.1124\/dmd.121.000648_bib17","first-page":"1","article-title":"Determination of the transport rate of xenobiotics and nanomaterials across the placenta using the ex vivo human placental perfusion model","volume":"76","author":"Grafm\u00fcller","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Vis Exp"},{"key":"10.1124\/dmd.121.000648_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0035-1570031","article-title":"Animal models to study placental development and function throughout normal and dysfunctional human pregnancy","volume":"34","author":"Grigsby","year":"2016","journal-title":"Semin Reprod Med"},{"key":"10.1124\/dmd.121.000648_bib19","first-page":"46","article-title":"Placenta in eclampsia and preeclampsia","volume":"14","author":"Gundalli","year":"2015","journal-title":"IOSR J Dent Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1124\/dmd.121.000648_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-2952(95)02184-1","article-title":"Expression of xenobiotic-metabolizing cytochrome P450 forms in human full-term placenta","volume":"51","author":"Hakkola","year":"1996","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1124\/dmd.121.000648_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.114.220350","article-title":"Four cation-selective transporters contribute to apical uptake and accumulation of metformin in Caco-2 cell monolayers","volume":"352","author":"Han","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"10.1124\/dmd.121.000648_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2004.07.098","article-title":"Human organic cation transporter 3 mediates the transport of antiarrhythmic drugs","volume":"499","author":"Hasannejad","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1124\/dmd.121.000648_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1038\/clpt.2008.1","article-title":"Effects of pregnancy on CYP3A and P-glycoprotein activities as measured by disposition of midazolam and digoxin: a University of Washington specialized center of research study","volume":"84","author":"Hebert","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1124\/dmd.121.000648_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-2115(02)00513-4","article-title":"Lack of interaction of digoxin and P-glycoprotein inhibitors, quinidine and verapamil in human placenta in vitro","volume":"109","author":"Holcberg","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"key":"10.1124\/dmd.121.000648_bib25","first-page":"118","article-title":"Comparison of the serum protein binding of digoxin in premature and mature newborns, infants and adults","volume":"6","author":"Hubert","year":"1985","journal-title":"Biol Res Pregnancy Perinatol"},{"key":"10.1124\/dmd.121.000648_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1038\/clpt.2011.66","article-title":"The human placental perfusion model: a systematic review and development of a model to predict in vivo transfer of therapeutic drugs","volume":"90","author":"Hutson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1124\/dmd.121.000648_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15971","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.273.26.15971","article-title":"Cloning and functional characterization of a potential-sensitive, polyspecific organic cation transporter (OCT3) most abundantly expressed in placenta","volume":"273","author":"Kekuda","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1124\/dmd.121.000648_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1124\/dmd.110.034298","article-title":"Characterization of digoxin uptake in sandwich-cultured human hepatocytes","volume":"39","author":"Kimoto","year":"2011","journal-title":"Drug Metab Dispos"},{"key":"10.1124\/dmd.121.000648_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1609","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2017-03025","article-title":"Pathway of maternal serotonin to the human embryo and fetus","volume":"159","author":"Kliman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1124\/dmd.121.000648_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2001.21176","article-title":"Organic anion-transporting polypeptide B (OATP-B) and its functional comparison with three other OATPs of human liver","volume":"120","author":"Kullak-Ublick","year":"2001","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1124\/dmd.121.000648_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1293","DOI":"10.1124\/dmd.120.000127","article-title":"Development of a pharmacokinetic model of transplacental transfer of metformin to predict in vivo fetal exposure","volume":"48","author":"Kurosawa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Drug Metab Dispos"},{"key":"10.1124\/dmd.121.000648_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2013.05.010","article-title":"Effect of oxygen on multidrug resistance in the first trimester human placenta","volume":"34","author":"Lye","year":"2013","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"10.1124\/dmd.121.000648_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1177\/1753495X18808118","article-title":"Maternal monitoring and safety considerations during antiarrhythmic treatment for fetal supraventricular tachycardia","volume":"12","author":"Malham\u00e9","year":"2019","journal-title":"Obstet Med"},{"key":"10.1124\/dmd.121.000648_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1080\/17512433.2017.1344096","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics and dosing requirements of digoxin in pregnant women treated for fetal supraventricular tachycardia","volume":"10","author":"Martin-Suarez","year":"2017","journal-title":"Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1124\/dmd.121.000648_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2010.01.006","article-title":"Quality assessment of a placental perfusion protocol","volume":"30","author":"Mathiesen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Reprod Toxicol"},{"key":"10.1124\/dmd.121.000648_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2008.01.011","article-title":"Maternal asthma and placental morphometry: effects of severity, treatment and fetal sex","volume":"29","author":"Mayhew","year":"2008","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"10.1124\/dmd.121.000648_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.1987.tb03244.x","article-title":"Differences in the binding of quinine and quinidine to plasma proteins","volume":"24","author":"Mihaly","year":"1987","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1124\/dmd.121.000648_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"874","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2019.06.024","article-title":"Antenatal therapy for fetal supraventricular tachyarrhythmias: Multicenter trial","volume":"74","author":"Miyoshi","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1124\/dmd.121.000648_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clpt.2005.04.014","article-title":"Functional role of P-glycoprotein in the human blood-placental barrier","volume":"78","author":"M\u00f6ls\u00e4","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1124\/dmd.121.000648_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1332","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2007.05.011","article-title":"The human placenta\u2013an alternative for studying foetal exposure","volume":"21","author":"Myren","year":"2007","journal-title":"Toxicol In Vitro"},{"key":"10.1124\/dmd.121.000648_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"996","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.61.10.996","article-title":"Intrauterine supraventricular tachyarrhythmias and transplacental digitalisation","volume":"61","author":"Nagashima","year":"1986","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"10.1124\/dmd.121.000648_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3407","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.23595","article-title":"Involvement of carnitine\/organic cation transporter OCTN1\/SLC22A4 in gastrointestinal absorption of metformin","volume":"102","author":"Nakamichi","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Pharm Sci"},{"key":"10.1124\/dmd.121.000648_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1869","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2005.03.030","article-title":"Role of P-glycoprotein in transplacental transfer of methadone","volume":"69","author":"Nanovskaya","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1124\/dmd.121.000648_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2006-951301","article-title":"Role of human placental efflux transporter P-glycoprotein in the transfer of buprenorphine, levo-\u03b1-acetylmethadol, and paclitaxel","volume":"23","author":"Nekhayeva","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Perinatol"},{"key":"10.1124\/dmd.121.000648_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(24)38103-0","article-title":"In vitro metabolism of quinidine: the (3S)-3-hydroxylation of quinidine is a specific marker reaction for cytochrome P-4503A4 activity in human liver microsomes","volume":"289","author":"Nielsen","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"10.1124\/dmd.121.000648_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10434","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms221910434","article-title":"Placental expression of bile acid transporters in intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy","volume":"22","author":"Ontsouka","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"10.1124\/dmd.121.000648_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-2243(75)90034-9","article-title":"Radionuclide and angiographic studies of placental circulation in man and rhesus monkey","volume":"5","author":"Panigel","year":"1975","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"key":"10.1124\/dmd.121.000648_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1007\/s13318-011-0046-9","article-title":"Validation of quinidine as a probe substrate for the in vitro P-gp inhibition assay in Caco-2 cell monolayer","volume":"36","author":"Patil","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet"},{"key":"10.1124\/dmd.121.000648_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00613925","article-title":"Effect of quinidine on digoxin bioavailability","volume":"24","author":"Pedersen","year":"1983","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1124\/dmd.121.000648_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4172\/2161-0495.1000150","article-title":"Clinical utility of serum digoxin level in cardiac patients for diagnosis of chronic digitalis toxicity","volume":"2","author":"Ragab","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Toxicol"},{"key":"10.1124\/dmd.121.000648_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1259","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.20322","article-title":"Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling 1: predicting the tissue distribution of moderate-to-strong bases","volume":"94","author":"Rodgers","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Pharm Sci"},{"key":"10.1124\/dmd.121.000648_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1038\/clpt.1988.93","article-title":"Comparative effects of verapamil and isradipine on steady-state digoxin kinetics","volume":"43","author":"Rodin","year":"1988","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1124\/dmd.121.000648_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1010","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197211162872003","article-title":"Serum digoxin concentrations in the human fetus, neonate and infant","volume":"287","author":"Rogers","year":"1972","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1124\/dmd.121.000648_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.105.086827","article-title":"Functional analysis of organic cation transporter 3 expressed in human placenta","volume":"315","author":"Sata","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"10.1124\/dmd.121.000648_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31059","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)47390-5","volume":"269","author":"Schlemmer","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1124\/dmd.121.000648_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23530","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M909002199","article-title":"MDR3 P-glycoprotein, a phosphatidylcholine translocase, transports several cytotoxic drugs and directly interacts with drugs as judged by interference with nucleotide trapping","volume":"275","author":"Smith","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1124\/dmd.121.000648_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1515\/pcard-2016-0009","article-title":"Review paper. Transplacental digoxin treatment in prenatal cardiac problems in singleton pregnancies - meta analysis (based on literature: 1992\u20132015)","volume":"6","author":"Strzelecka","year":"2017","journal-title":"Prenat Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1124\/dmd.121.000648_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.2007.03067.x","article-title":"Inhibition of placental P-glycoprotein: impact on indinavir transfer to the foetus","volume":"65","author":"Sudhakaran","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1124\/dmd.121.000648_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)10423-0","article-title":"Transport of digoxin by human P-glycoprotein expressed in a porcine kidney epithelial cell line (LLC-PK1)","volume":"263","author":"Tanigawara","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"10.1124\/dmd.121.000648_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-7158.1958.tb10291.x","article-title":"Estimation of digoxin and digitoxin in Digitalis lanata","volume":"10","author":"Tantivatana","year":"1958","journal-title":"J Pharm Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1124\/dmd.121.000648_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2093","DOI":"10.1124\/dmd.111.040816","article-title":"Digoxin is not a substrate for organic anion-transporting polypeptide transporters OATP1A2, OATP1B1, OATP1B3, and OATP2B1 but is a substrate for a sodium-dependent transporter expressed in HEK293 cells","volume":"39","author":"Taub","year":"2011","journal-title":"Drug Metab Dispos"},{"key":"10.1124\/dmd.121.000648_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2125.1999.00923.x","article-title":"Cytochrome P450 isoforms involved in metabolism of the enantiomers of verapamil and norverapamil","volume":"47","author":"Tracy","year":"1999","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1124\/dmd.121.000648_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1210","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1025001131513","article-title":"Novel experimental parameters to quantify the modulation of absorptive and secretory transport of compounds by P-glycoprotein in cell culture models of intestinal epithelium","volume":"20","author":"Troutman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pharm Res"},{"key":"10.1124\/dmd.121.000648_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2020.110506","article-title":"Interplay of drug transporters P-glycoprotein (MDR1), MRP1, OATP1A2 and OATP1B3 in passage of maraviroc across human placenta","volume":"129","author":"Tupova","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"key":"10.1124\/dmd.121.000648_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1022290523347","article-title":"Kinetic analysis of P-glycoprotein-mediated transport by using normal human placental brush-border membrane vesicles","volume":"20","author":"Ushigome","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pharm Res"},{"key":"10.1124\/dmd.121.000648_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1012","DOI":"10.1208\/s12248-013-9505-3","article-title":"A simplified PBPK modeling approach for prediction of pharmacokinetics of four primarily renally excreted and CYP3A metabolized compounds during pregnancy","volume":"15","author":"Xia","year":"2013","journal-title":"AAPS J"},{"key":"10.1124\/dmd.121.000648_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1894","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2011.03140.x","article-title":"In vitro transport profile of carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine, eslicarbazepine acetate, and their active metabolites by human P-glycoprotein","volume":"52","author":"Zhang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1124\/dmd.121.000648_bib69","first-page":"2516","article-title":"Ph dependent but not p-gp dependent bidirectional transport study of s-propranolol: The importance of passive diffusion","volume":"32","author":"Zheng","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pharm Res"},{"key":"10.1124\/dmd.121.000648_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1378","DOI":"10.3109\/14767058.2011.554924","article-title":"Transplacental digoxin therapy for fetal tachyarrhythmia with multiple evaluation systems","volume":"24","author":"Zhou","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"key":"10.1124\/dmd.121.000648_bib71","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of digoxin: systematic review and meta-analysis of observational and controlled trial data","volume":"351","author":"Ziff","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMJ"}],"container-title":["Drug Metabolism and Disposition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0090955624007463?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0090955624007463?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1124\/dmd.121.000648","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,19]],"date-time":"2025-02-19T08:52:08Z","timestamp":1739955128000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0090955624007463"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"references-count":71,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S0090955624007463"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1124\/dmd.121.000648","relation":{},"ISSN":["0090-9556"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0090-9556","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Transplacental Pharmacokinetic Model of Digoxin Based on Ex Vivo Human Placental Perfusion Study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Drug Metabolism and Disposition","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1124\/dmd.121.000648","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 The Author(s)","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}