{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T13:19:10Z","timestamp":1773926350018,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,1,1]],"date-time":"2002-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1009843200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,1,1]],"date-time":"2002-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1009843200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["jpet.aspetjournals.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,1]]},"DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.102.035303","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,1,10]],"date-time":"2003-01-10T18:45:31Z","timestamp":1042224331000},"page":"1129-1134","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":126,"title":["The Differential Effects of Atypical Antipsychotics on Prolactin Elevation Are Explained by Their Differential Blood-Brain Disposition: A Pharmacological Analysis in Rats"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"302","author":[{"given":"S.","family":"Kapur","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"X.","family":"Langlois","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Vinken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.A.H.P.","family":"Megens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"De Coster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.S.","family":"Andrews","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.102.035303_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/S0893-133X(00)00173-1","article-title":"Fatty acid derivatives of clozapine: prolonged antidopaminergic activity of docosahexaenoylclozapine in the rat.","volume":"24","author":"Baldessarini","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.102.035303_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02245614","article-title":"The time course of binding to striatal dopamine D-2 receptors by the neuroleptic ziprasidone (CP-88, 059\u201301) determined by positron emission tomography.","volume":"124","author":"Bench","year":"1996","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.102.035303_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.1981.tb00666.x","article-title":"Endocrine effects of domperidone: a peripheral dopamine blocking agent.","volume":"15","author":"Brown","year":"1981","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.102.035303_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/S0920-9964(97)00036-4","article-title":"The acute and long-term effect of olanzapine compared with placebo and haloperidol on serum prolactin concentrations.","volume":"26","author":"Crawford","year":"1997","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.102.035303_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.1016\/S0149-2918(00)80086-7","article-title":"The effects of olanzapine, risperidone and haloperidol on plasma prolactin levels in patients with schizophrenia.","volume":"22","author":"David","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Ther"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.102.035303_bib6","series-title":"Probit analysis","author":"Finney","year":"1962"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.102.035303_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1371","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.321.7273.1371","article-title":"Atypical antipsychotics in the treatment of schizophrenia: systematic overview and meta-regression analysis.","volume":"321","author":"Geddes","year":"2000","journal-title":"British Medical Journal"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.102.035303_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(98)00125-5","article-title":"Neuroendocrine response to antipsychotics: effects of drug type and gender.","volume":"45","author":"Grunder","year":"1999","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.102.035303_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v62n0805","article-title":"Risperidone added to clozapine: impact on serum prolactin levels.","volume":"62","author":"Henderson","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.102.035303_bib10","first-page":"95","article-title":"Tolerance to prolactin secretion in the long-term treatment with neuroleptics in schizophrenia.","volume":"40","author":"Igarashi","year":"1985","journal-title":"Adv Biochem Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.102.035303_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1503","DOI":"10.1016\/S0028-3908(96)00100-1","article-title":"Dopamine receptors and brain function.","volume":"35","author":"Jaber","year":"1996","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.102.035303_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.med.52.1.503","article-title":"Atypical antipsychotics: new directions and new challenges in the treatment of schizophrenia.","volume":"52","author":"Kapur","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann Rev Med"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.102.035303_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.158.2.311","article-title":"Increased dopamine D2 receptor occupancy and elevated prolactin level associated with addition of haloperidol to clozapine.","volume":"158","author":"Kapur","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.102.035303_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.158.3.360","article-title":"Does fast dissociation from the dopamine D2 receptor explain the action of atypical antipsychotics? A new hypothesis.","volume":"158","author":"Kapur","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.102.035303_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.157.4.514","article-title":"Relationship between dopamine D(2) occupancy, clinical response and side effects: a double-blind PET study of first-episode schizophrenia.","volume":"157","author":"Kapur","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.102.035303_bib16","series-title":"Department of Global Medical and Scientific Information","article-title":"First hand estimation of the median effective dose (ED50) and its confidence interval, assuming a linear log dose-response function.","author":"Lewi","year":"1977"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.102.035303_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1007\/s002130000639","article-title":"Insulin and leptin levels in patients with schizophrenia or related psychoses\u2014a comparison between different antipsychotic agents.","volume":"154","author":"Melkersson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl)"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.102.035303_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)20710-8","article-title":"Classification of typical and atypical antipsychotic drugs on the basis of dopamine D1, D2, and serotonin-2 p Ki values.","volume":"251","author":"Meltzer","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.102.035303_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.1995.tb04487.x","article-title":"Influence of the dosing interval on prolactin release after remoxipride.","volume":"39","author":"Movin-Osswald","year":"1995","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.102.035303_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02244811","article-title":"Time course of D2-dopamine receptor occupancy examined by PET after single oral doses of haloperidol.","volume":"106","author":"Nordstrom","year":"1992","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.102.035303_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-3623(82)90088-X","article-title":"The pharmacology of sulpiride\u2014a dopamine receptor antagonist.","volume":"13","author":"O\u2019Connor","year":"1982","journal-title":"Gen Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.102.035303_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-9877(84)90064-1","article-title":"Sulpiride: assessment of a pharmacologically and chemically distinct neuroleptic.","volume":"14","author":"Rich","year":"1984","journal-title":"Med Hypotheses"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.102.035303_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02245606","article-title":"Risperidone compared with new and reference antipsychotic drugs: in vitro and in vivo receptor binding.","volume":"124","author":"Schotte","year":"1996","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.102.035303_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.171.6.569","article-title":"Sulpiride augmentation in people with schizophrenia partially responsive to clozapine\u2014a double-blind, placebo-controlled study.","volume":"171","author":"Shiloh","year":"1997","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.102.035303_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1044","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1983.01790220034006","article-title":"Haloperidol. Plasma levels and prolactin response as predictors of clinical improvement in schizophrenia: chemical V radioreceptor plasma level assays.","volume":"41","author":"Smith","year":"1984","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.102.035303_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.2165\/00002018-200022030-00004","article-title":"Tolerability of atypical antipsychotics.","volume":"22","author":"Stanniland","year":"2000","journal-title":"Drug Saf"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.102.035303_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03345068","article-title":"Use of the dopamine agonists bromocriptine and cabergoline in the management of risperidone-induced hyperprolactinemia in patients with psychotic disorders.","volume":"23","author":"Tollin","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.102.035303_bib28","series-title":"Encyclopaedia of Statistical Science","article-title":"Statistical methods in bioassay. Estimation of relative potency from quantal responses","author":"Tsutakawa","year":"1982"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.102.035303_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.159.1.133","article-title":"Elevation of prolactin levels by atypical antipsychotics.","volume":"159","author":"Turrone","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.102.035303_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1007\/s002130000466","article-title":"Dopamine D2 receptor occupancy predicts catalepsy and the suppression of conditioned avoidance response behavior in rats.","volume":"150","author":"Wadenberg","year":"2000","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl)"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.102.035303_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1089\/cap.1999.9.239","article-title":"Elevated prolactin in pediatric patients on typical and atypical antipsychotics.","volume":"9","author":"Wudarsky","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022356524358744?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022356524358744?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1124\/jpet.102.035303","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,19]],"date-time":"2025-02-19T23:26:19Z","timestamp":1740007579000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0022356524358744"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2002,1]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S0022356524358744"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1124\/jpet.102.035303","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3565"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3565","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2002,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The Differential Effects of Atypical Antipsychotics on Prolactin Elevation Are Explained by Their Differential Blood-Brain Disposition: A Pharmacological Analysis in Rats","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1124\/jpet.102.035303","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2002 The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}