{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T00:17:06Z","timestamp":1792801026057,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,1,1]],"date-time":"2002-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1009843200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,1,1]],"date-time":"2002-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1009843200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["jpet.aspetjournals.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,1]]},"DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.102.041715","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,1,10]],"date-time":"2003-01-10T18:49:58Z","timestamp":1042224598000},"page":"1248-1254","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":114,"title":["Role of Cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and COX-2 Inhibition in Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug-Induced Intestinal Damage in Rats: Relation to Various Pathogenic Events"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"303","author":[{"given":"Akiko","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shoko","family":"Hase","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tohru","family":"Miyazawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryoko","family":"Ohno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koji","family":"Takeuchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.102.041715_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.1993.tb00066.x","article-title":"Early histological features of small intestinal injury induced by indomethacin.","volume":"7","author":"Anthony","year":"1993","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.102.041715_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.41.6.763","article-title":"Vascular anatomy defines sites of indomethacin induced jejunal ulceration along the mesenteric margin.","volume":"41","author":"Anthony","year":"1997","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.102.041715_bib3","first-page":"G903","article-title":"Indomethacin-induced leukocyte adhesion in mesentric venules; role of lipoxygenase products.","volume":"262","author":"Asako","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am J Physial"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.102.041715_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1620","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.87.4.1620","article-title":"Apparent hydroxy radical production by peroxynitrite: implication for endothelial injury from nitric oxide and superoxide.","volume":"87","author":"Beckman","year":"1990","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.102.041715_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(87)90909-7","article-title":"Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced intestinal inflammation in humans.","volume":"93","author":"Bjarnason","year":"1998","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.102.041715_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1189","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.1993.tb13940.x","article-title":"The induction of nitric oxide synthase and intestinal vascular permeability by endotoxin in the rat.","volume":"110","author":"Boughton-Smith","year":"1993","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.102.041715_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12506462","article-title":"Measurement of cutaneous inflammation: estimation of neutrophil content with an enzyme marker.","volume":"78","author":"Bradley","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.102.041715_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1038\/351714a0","article-title":"Cloned and expressed nitric oxide synthase structurally resembles cytochrome P-450 reductase.","volume":"351","author":"Bredt","year":"1991","journal-title":"Nature (Lond)"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.102.041715_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-291X(92)90643-Y","article-title":"Differential distribution of nitric oxide synthase between cell fractions isolated from the rat gastric mucosa.","volume":"184","author":"Brown","year":"1992","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.102.041715_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1531","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)10713-1","article-title":"Pharmacology of a selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor L-745337: a novel non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent with an ulcerogenic sparing effect in rat and non-human primate stomach.","volume":"274","author":"Chan","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.102.041715_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01694504","article-title":"Indomethacin induced intestinal inflammation.","volume":"22","author":"Fang","year":"1977","journal-title":"Am J Dig Dis"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.102.041715_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1006\/abbi.1993.1601","article-title":"Cloning two isoforms of rat cyclooxygenase: differential regulation of their expression.","volume":"307","author":"Feng","year":"1993","journal-title":"Arch Biochem Biophys"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.102.041715_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-6980(94)90074-4","article-title":"NS-398, a new antiinflammatory agent, selectively inhibits prostaglandin G\/H synthase\/cyclo-oxygenase (COX-2) activity in vitro.","volume":"47","author":"Futaki","year":"1994","journal-title":"Prostaglandins"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.102.041715_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1565","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0703955","article-title":"Effects of specific inhibition of cyclo-oxygenase-1 and cyclo-oxygenase-2 in the rat stomach with normal mucosa and after acid challenge.","volume":"132","author":"Gretzer","year":"2001","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.102.041715_bib15","first-page":"2485","article-title":"Isolation and characterization of rat and human glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase cDNAs: genomic complexity and molecular evolution of the gene.","volume":"13","author":"Iso","year":"1995","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.102.041715_bib16","first-page":"G688","article-title":"Cyclooxygenase-2 downregulates inducible nitric oxide synthase in rat intestinal epithelial cells.","volume":"281","author":"Kobayashi","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.102.041715_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1006\/phrs.1999.0550","article-title":"Roles of enterobacteria, nitric oxide and neutrophil in pathogenesis of indomethacin-induced small intestinal lesions in rats.","volume":"40","author":"Konaka","year":"1999","journal-title":"Pharmacol Res"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.102.041715_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"894","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1014725024519","article-title":"16,16-Dimetyl prostaglandin E2 inhibits indomethacin-induced small intestinal lesions through EP3 and EP4 receptors.","volume":"47","author":"Kunikata","year":"2002","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.102.041715_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1254\/jjp.88.45","article-title":"Protective effect of thiaton, the anti-spasmodic drug, against indomethacin-induced intestinal ulceration in rats.","volume":"88","author":"Kunikata","year":"2002","journal-title":"Jpn J Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.102.041715_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6370","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)42704-4","article-title":"Molecular cloning and functional expression of an inducible nitric oxide synthase from a murine macrophage cell line.","volume":"267","author":"Lyons","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.102.041715_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(97)70225-7","article-title":"Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug enteropathy in rats: role of permeability, bacteria and enterohepatic circulation.","volume":"112","author":"Reuter","year":"1997","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.102.041715_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-6980(77)90178-2","article-title":"Resistance of germ-free rats to indomethacin-induced intestinal inflammation.","volume":"14","author":"Robert","year":"1977","journal-title":"Prostaglandins"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.102.041715_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13313","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.22.13313","article-title":"Pharmacological analysis of cyclooxygenase-1 in inflammation.","volume":"95","author":"Smith","year":"1998","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.102.041715_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1159\/000064419","article-title":"Pathogenic importance of intestinal hypermotility in NSAID-induced small intestinal damage in rats.","volume":"66","author":"Takeuchi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Digestion"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.102.041715_bib25","first-page":"21","article-title":"Inhibition of both COX-1 and COX-2 is required for development of gastric damage in response to nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs.","volume":"95","author":"Tanaka","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Physiol (Lond)"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.102.041715_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.300.3.754","article-title":"Up-regulation of COX-2 by inhibition of COX-1: a key to NSAID-Induced intestinal damage.","volume":"300","author":"Tanaka","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.102.041715_bib27","first-page":"405","article-title":"Dual action of nitric oxide in pathogenesis of indomethacin-induced small intestinal ulceration in rats.","volume":"50","author":"Tanaka","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Physiol Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.102.041715_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2000.16510","article-title":"NSAID-induced gastric damage in rats: requirement for inhibition of both cyclooxygenase 1 and 2.","volume":"119","author":"Wallace","year":"2000","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.102.041715_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1159\/000138047","article-title":"Indomethacin-increased gastrointestinal lesions in relation to tissue concentration, food intake and bacterial invasion in the rat.","volume":"30","author":"Weissenborn","year":"1985","journal-title":"Pharmacology"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.102.041715_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(81)90196-7","article-title":"Temporal relationship between cyclooxygenase inhibition, as measured by prostacyclin biosynthesis and the gastrointestinal damage induced by indomethacin in rat.","volume":"80","author":"Whittle","year":"1981","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.102.041715_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2286","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.1995.tb15066.x","article-title":"Inducible nitric oxide synthase and microvascular injury in the rat jejunum provoked by indomethacin.","volume":"116","author":"Whittle","year":"1995","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.102.041715_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00920471","article-title":"Mechanisms of acute and chronic intestinal inflammation induced by indomethacin.","volume":"17","author":"Yamada","year":"1993","journal-title":"Inflammation"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022356524360628?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022356524360628?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1124\/jpet.102.041715","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,19]],"date-time":"2025-02-19T23:32:48Z","timestamp":1740007968000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0022356524360628"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2002,1]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S0022356524360628"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1124\/jpet.102.041715","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3565"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3565","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2002,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Role of Cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and COX-2 Inhibition in Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug-Induced Intestinal Damage in Rats: Relation to Various Pathogenic Events","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1124\/jpet.102.041715","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2002 The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}