{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T21:07:10Z","timestamp":1790888830412,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,7,1]],"date-time":"2005-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1120176000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,7,1]],"date-time":"2005-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1120176000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["jpet.aspetjournals.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,7]]},"DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.104.080739","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,17]],"date-time":"2005-06-17T02:07:56Z","timestamp":1118974076000},"page":"329-337","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":115,"title":["\u03949-Tetrahydrocannbinol Accounts for the Antinociceptive, Hypothermic, and Cataleptic Effects of Marijuana in Mice"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"314","author":[{"given":"S.A.","family":"Varvel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.T.","family":"Bridgen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Q.","family":"Tao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B.F.","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B.R.","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.H.","family":"Lichtman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.104.080739_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baker D, Pryce G, Giovannoni G, and Thompson AJ (2003) The therapeutic potential of cannabis. Lancet Neurol 2: 291-298.","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(03)00381-8"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.104.080739_bib2","unstructured":"Bliss CI (1967) Statistics in Biology: Statistical Methods for Research in the Natural Sciences, McGraw-Hill, New York."},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.104.080739_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bornheim LM, Kim K, Beatrice J, Perotti Y, and Benet L (1995) Effect of cannabidiol pretreatment on the kinetics of tetrahydrocannabinol metabolites in mouse brain. Drug Metab Dispos 23: 825-831.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-9556(25)06664-4"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.104.080739_bib4","unstructured":"Colquhoun D (1971) Lectures on Biostatistics: An Introduction to Statistics with Applications in Biology and Medicine, Clarendon Press, Oxford, UK."},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.104.080739_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Croxford JL (2003) Therapeutic potential of cannabinoids in CNS disease. CNS Drugs 17: 179-202.","DOI":"10.2165\/00023210-200317030-00004"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.104.080739_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dalton WS, Martz R, Lemberger L, Rodda BE, and Forney RB (1976) Influence of cannabidiol on D9-tetrahydrocannabinol effects. Clin Pharmacol Ther 19: 300-309.","DOI":"10.1002\/cpt1976193300"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.104.080739_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D\u2019Amour FE and Smith DL (1941) A method for determining loss of pain sensation. J Pharm Exp Ther 72: 74-79.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)03823-6"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.104.080739_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Drysdale AJ and Platt B (2003) Cannabinoids: mechanisms and therapeutic applications in the CNS. Curr Med Chem 10: 2719-2732.","DOI":"10.2174\/0929867033456387"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.104.080739_bib9","unstructured":"ElSohly M (2002) Chemical constituents of cannabis, in Cannabis and Cannabinoids: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Potential (Grotenhermen FRE ed) pp 27-36, Haworth Press, Binghamton, NY."},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.104.080739_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ElSohly MA, Ross SA, Mehmedic Z, Arafat R, Yi B and Banahan BF, 3rd (2000) Potency trends of delta9-THC and other cannabinoids in confiscated marijuana from 1980\u20131997. J Forensic Sci 45: 24-30.","DOI":"10.1520\/JFS14636J"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.104.080739_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fadda P, Robinson L, Fratta W, Pertwee RG, and Riedel G (2004) Differential effects of THC- or CBD-rich cannabis extracts on working memory in rats. Neuropharmacology 47: 1170-1179.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2004.08.009"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.104.080739_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Finn DP, Beckett SR, Roe CH, Madjd A, Fone KC, Kendall DA, Marsden CA, and Chapman V (2004) Effects of coadministration of cannabinoids and morphine on nociceptive behaviour, brain monoamines and HPA axis activity in a rat model of persistent pain. Eur J Neurosci 19: 678-686.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0953-816X.2004.03177.x"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.104.080739_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"GW Pharmaceuticals (2003) Cannabis-based medicines\u2013GW pharmaceuticals: high CBD, high THC, medicinal cannabis\u2013GW pharmaceuticals, THC:CBD. Drugs RD 4: 306-309.","DOI":"10.2165\/00126839-200304050-00005"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.104.080739_bib14","unstructured":"Jarbe TU, Henriksson BG, and Ohlin GC (1977) Delta9-THC as a discriminative cue in pigeons: effects of delta8-THC, CBD and CBN. Arch Int Pharmacodyn Ther 228: 68-72."},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.104.080739_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Karniol IG and Carlini EA (1973) Pharmacological interaction between cannabidiol and D9-tetrahydrocannabinol. Psychopharmacology 33: 53-70.","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00428793"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.104.080739_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lichtman AH, Poklis JL, Poklis A, Wilson DM, and Martin BR (2001) The pharmacological activity of inhalation exposure to marijuana smoke in mice. Drug Alcohol Depend 63: 107-116.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0376-8716(00)00205-2"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.104.080739_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Meng Y, Lichtman AH, Bridgen DT, and Martin BR (1997) Inhalation studies with drugs of abuse. NIDA Res Monogr 173: 201-224.","DOI":"10.1037\/e495572006-013"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.104.080739_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pertwee RG (1972) The ring test: A quantitative method for assessing the \u201ccataleptic\u201d effect of cannabis in mice. Br J Pharmacol 46: 753-763.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.1972.tb06900.x"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.104.080739_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Petitet F, Jeantaud B, Reibaud M, Imperato A, and Dubroeucq M (1998) Complex pharmacology for natural cannabinoids: evidence for partial agonist activity of delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol and antagonist activity of cannabidiol on rat brain cannabinoid receptors. Life Sci 63: PL1-PL6.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0024-3205(98)00238-0"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.104.080739_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rinaldi-Carmona M, Barth F, H\u00e9aulme M, Shire D, Calandra B, Congy C, Martinez S, Maruani J, N\u00e9liat G, Caput D, et al. (1994) SR141716A, a potent and selective antagonist of the brain cannabinoid receptor. FEBS Lett 350: 240-244.","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-5793(94)00773-X"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.104.080739_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rosenkrantz H and Hayden DW (1979) Acute and subacute inhalation toxicity of turkish marihuana, cannabichromene and cannabidiol in rats. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 48: 375-386.","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-008X(79)90421-6"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.104.080739_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Takahashi RN and Karniol IG (1975) Pharmacological interaction between cannabinol and delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol. Psychopharmacology 41: 277-284.","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00428937"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.104.080739_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Weinberg AD, Dimen EM, Simon GS, Harris LS, and Borzelleca JF (1977) Measurements of weight and activity in male mice following inhalation of cannabis smoke in a controlled smoke exposure chamber. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 42: 301-307.","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-008X(77)90006-0"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.104.080739_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Welburn PJ, Starmer GA, Chesher GB, and Jackson DM (1976) Effect of cannabinoids on the abdominal constriction response in mice: within cannabinoid interactions. Psychopharmacology 46: 83-85.","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00421553"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.104.080739_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wiley JL, Compton DR, Dai D, Lainton JA, Phillips M, Huffman JW, and Martin BR (1998) Structure-activity relationships of indole- and pyrrole-derived cannabinoids. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 285: 995-1004.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(24)37496-8"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.104.080739_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wilkinson JD, Whalley BJ, Baker D, Pryce G, Constanti A, Gibbons S, and Williamson EM (2003) Medicinal cannabis: is delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol necessary for all its effects? J Pharm Pharmacol 55: 1687-1694.","DOI":"10.1211\/0022357022304"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.104.080739_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zuardi AW, Shirakawa I, Fenkelfarb E, and Karniol IG (1982) Action of cannabidiol on the anxiety and other effects produced by D9-THC in normal subjects. Psychopharmacology 76: 245-250.","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00432554"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.104.080739_bib28","unstructured":"Zuardi AW, Teixeira NA, and Karniol IC (1984) Pharmacological interaction of the effects of D9-trans-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol on serum corticosterone levels in rats. Arch Int Pharmacodyn Ther 269: 12-19."}],"container-title":["The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022356524320889?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022356524320889?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1124\/jpet.104.080739","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,19]],"date-time":"2025-02-19T21:29:57Z","timestamp":1740000597000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0022356524320889"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,7]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S0022356524320889"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1124\/jpet.104.080739","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3565"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3565","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"\u03949-Tetrahydrocannbinol Accounts for the Antinociceptive, Hypothermic, and Cataleptic Effects of Marijuana in Mice","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1124\/jpet.104.080739","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2005 The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}