{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T08:39:38Z","timestamp":1772354378547,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,1]],"date-time":"2011-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1296518400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,1]],"date-time":"2011-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1296518400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["jpet.aspetjournals.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,2]]},"DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.110.173823","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,11,5]],"date-time":"2010-11-05T01:10:26Z","timestamp":1288919426000},"page":"488-495","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Buprenorphine and Opioid Antagonism, Tolerance, and Naltrexone-Precipitated Withdrawal"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"336","author":[{"given":"Carol A.","family":"Paronis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jack","family":"Bergman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.110.173823_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02243995","article-title":"Tolerance and dependence after continuous morphine infusion from osmotic pumps measured by operant responding in rats","volume":"100","author":"Adams","year":"1990","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.110.173823_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)23036-1","article-title":"Assessment of relative intrinsic activity of \u03bc-opioid analgesics in vivo by using \u03b2-funaltrexamine","volume":"255","author":"Adams","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.110.173823_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-3057(88)90174-8","article-title":"Tolerance to the effects of buprenorphine on schedule-controlled behavior and analgesia in rats","volume":"29","author":"Berthold","year":"1988","journal-title":"Pharmacol Biochem Behav"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.110.173823_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)20047-7","article-title":"Buprenorphine: dose-related blockade of opioid challenge effects in opioid dependent humans","volume":"247","author":"Bickel","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.110.173823_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(24)29530-6","article-title":"Enadoline discrimination in squirrel monkeys: effects of opioid agonists and antagonists","volume":"297","author":"Carey","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.110.173823_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2004.08.028","article-title":"Pharmacological properties of JDTic: a novel \u03ba-opioid receptor antagonist","volume":"501","author":"Carroll","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.110.173823_bib7","series-title":"Narcotic Antagonists","first-page":"427","article-title":"Evaluation in nonhuman primates: Evaluation of the physical dependence capacities of oripavine-thebaine partail agonists in patas monkeys","author":"Cowan","year":"1974"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.110.173823_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)23889-7","article-title":"Effects of buprenorphine on shock titration in squirrel monkeys","volume":"235","author":"Dykstra","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.110.173823_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)12294-5","article-title":"Buprenorphine\u2019s physical dependence potential: antagonist-precipitated withdrawal in humans","volume":"276","author":"Eissenberg","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.110.173823_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)22845-2","article-title":"Discriminative stimulus effects of naltrexone in morphine-treated rhesus monkeys","volume":"250","author":"France","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.110.173823_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)30826-8","article-title":"A comparison of the effects of naloxone upon body weight and suppression of fixed-ratio operant behavior in morphine-dependent rats","volume":"201","author":"Gellert","year":"1977","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.110.173823_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1237","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)11434-1","article-title":"Extremely long-lasting antagonist actions of nor-binaltorphimine (nor-BNI) in the mouse tail-flick test","volume":"260","author":"Horan","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.110.173823_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(24)29586-0","article-title":"Comparison of pharmacological activities of buprenorphine and norbuprenorphine: norbuprenorphine is a potent opioid agonist","volume":"297","author":"Huang","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.110.173823_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1599","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1360-0443.2003.00551.x","article-title":"Buprenorphine withdrawal syndrome in newborns: a report of 13 cases","volume":"98","author":"Kayemba-Kay\u2019s","year":"2003","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.110.173823_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(00)00039-X","article-title":"Buprenorphine and methoclocinnamox: agonist and antagonist effects on respiratory function in rhesus monkeys","volume":"391","author":"Kishioka","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.110.173823_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2008.12.004","article-title":"Buprenorphine adoption in the National Drug Abuse Treatment Clinical Trials Network","volume":"37","author":"Knudsen","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Subst Abuse Treat"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.110.173823_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1445","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-3908(87)90112-2","article-title":"Buprenorphine has potent \u03ba opioid antagonist activity","volume":"26","author":"Leander","year":"1987","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.110.173823_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-2999(88)90543-2","article-title":"Buprenorphine is a potent \u03ba-opioid receptor antagonist in pigeons and mice","volume":"151","author":"Leander","year":"1988","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.110.173823_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)12844-9","article-title":"Respiratory effects of opioid full and partial agonists in rhesus monkeys","volume":"277","author":"Liguori","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.110.173823_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-3057(85)90111-X","article-title":"Buprenorphine effects on food-maintained responding in Macaque monkeys","volume":"23","author":"Mello","year":"1985","journal-title":"Pharmacol Biochem Behav"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.110.173823_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1006\/abio.2002.5673","article-title":"A liquid chromatographic-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometric method for determination of buprenorphine, its metabolite, norbuprenorphine, and a coformulant, naloxone, that is suitable for in vivo and in vitro metabolism studies","volume":"306","author":"Moody","year":"2002","journal-title":"Anal Biochem"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.110.173823_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)13426-5","article-title":"Antagonist-induced opioid receptor up-regulation. II. Regionally specific modulation of \u03bc, \u03b4, and \u03ba binding sites in rat brain revealed by quantitative autoradiography","volume":"247","author":"Morris","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.110.173823_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-6997(25)06707-9","article-title":"Experimental analysis of conditioning factors in human narcotic addiction","volume":"27","author":"O\u2019Brien","year":"1975","journal-title":"Pharmacol Rev"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.110.173823_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)20297-X","article-title":"Increased analgesic potency of \u03bc agonists after continuous naloxone infusion in rats","volume":"259","author":"Paronis","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.110.173823_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(24)36771-0","article-title":"Ventilation in morphine-maintained rhesus monkeys. I: Effects of naltrexone and abstinence-associated withdrawal","volume":"282","author":"Paronis","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.110.173823_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-3057(93)90206-9","article-title":"Naltrexone in vivo protects \u03bc receptors from inactivation by \u03b2-funaltrexamine but not \u03ba-receptors from inactivation by nor-binaltorphimine","volume":"46","author":"Paronis","year":"1993","journal-title":"Pharmacol Biochem Behav"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.110.173823_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1517","DOI":"10.1185\/03007990902920731","article-title":"The role of transdermal buprenorphine in the treatment of cancer pain: an expert panel consensus","volume":"25","author":"Pergolizzi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr Med Res Opin"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.110.173823_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-2396(199911)34:2<83::AID-SYN1>3.0.CO;2-S","article-title":"Opioid peptide receptor studies. 12. Buprenorphine is a potent and selective \u03bc\/\u03ba antagonist in the [35S]-GTP-\u03b3-S functional binding assay","volume":"34","author":"Romero","year":"1999","journal-title":"Synapse"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.110.173823_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)30828-1","article-title":"Discriminative effects of morphine in the squirrel monkey","volume":"201","author":"Schaefer","year":"1977","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.110.173823_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.107.127019","article-title":"\u03bc-Opioid receptor up-regulation and functional supersensitivity are independent of antagonist efficacy","volume":"323","author":"Sirohi","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.110.173823_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)24449-4","article-title":"Buprenorphine effects in methadone-maintained volunteers: effects at two hours after methadone","volume":"272","author":"Strain","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.110.173823_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1007\/s002130000620","article-title":"Differential tolerance to antinociceptive effects of \u03bc-opioids during repeated treatment with etonitazene, morphine, or buprenorphine in rats","volume":"154","author":"Walker","year":"2001","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.110.173823_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)09651-X","article-title":"Buprenorphine antagonism of \u03bc opioids in the rhesus monkey tail-withdrawal procedure","volume":"273","author":"Walker","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.110.173823_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02246290","article-title":"Effects of buprenorphine and methadone in methadone-maintained subjects","volume":"119","author":"Walsh","year":"1995","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.110.173823_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)10510-7","article-title":"Acute administration of buprenorphine in humans: partial agonist and blockade effects","volume":"274","author":"Walsh","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.110.173823_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/0376-8716(85)90059-6","article-title":"Substitution and primary dependence studies in animals","volume":"14","author":"Woods","year":"1985","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.110.173823_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1886","DOI":"10.1021\/jm049978n","article-title":"2-Aminothiazole-derived opioids. Biosteric replacement of phenols","volume":"47","author":"Zhang","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Med Chem"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.110.173823_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(24)36877-6","article-title":"Activation of the cloned human \u03ba opioid receptor by agonists enhances [35S]GTP\u03b3S binding to membranes: determination of potencies and efficacies of ligands","volume":"282","author":"Zhu","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022356524462265?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022356524462265?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1124\/jpet.110.173823","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,20]],"date-time":"2025-02-20T02:25:01Z","timestamp":1740018301000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0022356524462265"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,2]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S0022356524462265"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1124\/jpet.110.173823","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3565"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3565","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Buprenorphine and Opioid Antagonism, Tolerance, and Naltrexone-Precipitated Withdrawal","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1124\/jpet.110.173823","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2011 by The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}