{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T06:25:42Z","timestamp":1790663142815,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,1]],"date-time":"2017-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1496275200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,1]],"date-time":"2017-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1496275200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["jpet.aspetjournals.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,6]]},"DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.117.240622","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,16]],"date-time":"2017-03-16T20:40:15Z","timestamp":1489696815000},"page":"341-348","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Arresting the Development of Addiction: The Role of \u03b2-Arrestin 2 in Drug Abuse"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"361","author":[{"given":"Kirsten A.","family":"Porter-Stransky","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Weinshenker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.117.240622_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7807","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.C300443200","article-title":"Reciprocal regulation of angiotensin receptor-activated extracellular signal-regulated kinases by beta-arrestins 1 and 2","volume":"279","author":"Ahn","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.117.240622_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18488","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1104807108","article-title":"Discovery of \u03b2-arrestin-biased dopamine D2 ligands for probing signal transduction pathways essential for antipsychotic efficacy","volume":"108","author":"Allen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.117.240622_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"972","DOI":"10.1124\/mol.108.048512","article-title":"Differential activation and trafficking of micro-opioid receptors in brain slices","volume":"74","author":"Arttamangkul","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mol Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.117.240622_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17882","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)37125-X","article-title":"Beta-arrestin2, a novel member of the arrestin\/beta-arrestin gene family","volume":"267","author":"Attramadal","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.117.240622_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1124\/mol.111.074013","article-title":"Functional selectivity in CB(2) cannabinoid receptor signaling and regulation: implications for the therapeutic potential of CB(2) ligands","volume":"81","author":"Atwood","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.117.240622_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.110.002642","article-title":"The physiology, signaling, and pharmacology of dopamine receptors","volume":"63","author":"Beaulieu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pharmacol Rev"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.117.240622_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2005.05.012","article-title":"An Akt\/beta-arrestin 2\/PP2A signaling complex mediates dopaminergic neurotransmission and behavior","volume":"122","author":"Beaulieu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.117.240622_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1002\/emmm.201100144","article-title":"Morphine-induced mu opioid receptor trafficking enhances reward yet prevents compulsive drug use","volume":"3","author":"Berger","year":"2011","journal-title":"EMBO Mol Med"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.117.240622_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2552","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.07-102442","article-title":"Modulation of voluntary ethanol consumption by beta-arrestin 2","volume":"22","author":"Bj\u00f6rk","year":"2008","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.117.240622_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-013-3166-x","article-title":"\u03b2-arrestin 2 knockout mice exhibit sensitized dopamine release and increased reward in response to a low dose of alcohol","volume":"230","author":"Bj\u00f6rk","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl)"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.117.240622_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.112.969220","article-title":"TRV120027, a novel \u03b2-arrestin biased ligand at the angiotensin II type I receptor, unloads the heart and maintains renal function when added to furosemide in experimental heart failure","volume":"5","author":"Boerrigter","year":"2012","journal-title":"Circ Heart Fail"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.117.240622_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1124\/mol.66.1.106","article-title":"Relative opioid efficacy is determined by the complements of the G protein-coupled receptor desensitization machinery","volume":"66","author":"Bohn","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mol Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.117.240622_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1385\/NMM:5:1:041","article-title":"G protein-coupled receptor kinase\/\u03b2-arrestin systems and drugs of abuse: psychostimulant and opiate studies in knockout mice","volume":"5","author":"Bohn","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neuromolecular Med"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.117.240622_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10265","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.23-32-10265.2003","article-title":"Enhanced rewarding properties of morphine, but not cocaine, in \u03b2(arrestin)-2 knock-out mice","volume":"23","author":"Bohn","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.117.240622_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10494","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.22-23-10494.2002","article-title":"Differential mechanisms of morphine antinociceptive tolerance revealed in (beta)arrestin-2 knock-out mice","volume":"22","author":"Bohn","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.117.240622_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2495","DOI":"10.1126\/science.286.5449.2495","article-title":"Enhanced morphine analgesia in mice lacking beta-arrestin 2","volume":"286","author":"Bohn","year":"1999","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.117.240622_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1097\/FBP.0b013e328308f1e6","article-title":"Sensitivity to delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol is selectively enhanced in beta-arrestin2 -\/- mice","volume":"19","author":"Breivogel","year":"2008","journal-title":"Behav Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.117.240622_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2017.01.012","article-title":"A receptor on acid","volume":"168","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.117.240622_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.13374","article-title":"\u03b2-arrestin 2 dependence of \u03b4 opioid receptor agonists is correlated with alcohol intake","volume":"173","author":"Chiang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.117.240622_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1002\/syn.20625","article-title":"Nicotine sensitization and analysis of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in adolescent beta-arrestin-2 knockout mice","volume":"63","author":"Correll","year":"2009","journal-title":"Synapse"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.117.240622_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2007.06.005","article-title":"Rapid CB1 cannabinoid receptor desensitization defines the time course of ERK1\/2 MAP kinase signaling","volume":"54","author":"Daigle","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.117.240622_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1953","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms17111953","article-title":"d-Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) as a model of psychosis: mechanism of action and pharmacology","volume":"17","author":"De Gregorio","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.117.240622_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.3389\/fnana.2011.00058","article-title":"Role of beta-arrestin 2 downstream of dopamine receptors in the basal ganglia","volume":"5","author":"Del\u2019guidice","year":"2011","journal-title":"Front Neuroanat"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.117.240622_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1124\/mol.115.103176","article-title":"Mechanisms of biased \u03b2-arrestin-mediated signaling downstream from the cannabinoid 1 receptor","volume":"89","author":"Delgado-Peraza","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.117.240622_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5274","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.85.14.5274","article-title":"Drugs abused by humans preferentially increase synaptic dopamine concentrations in the mesolimbic system of freely moving rats","volume":"85","author":"Di Chiara","year":"1988","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.117.240622_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1177\/107385840200800410","article-title":"Arrestin: roles in the life and death of retinal neurons","volume":"8","author":"Dolph","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neuroscientist"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.117.240622_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1946","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2013.02.010","article-title":"From the ventral to the dorsal striatum: devolving views of their roles in drug addiction","volume":"37","author":"Everitt","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.117.240622_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(02)00930-2","article-title":"Differential regulation of \u03b2-arrestin 1 and \u03b2-arrestin 2 gene expression in rat brain by morphine","volume":"117","author":"Fan","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.117.240622_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molbrainres.2003.11.009","article-title":"Decreased immunodensities of micro-opioid receptors, receptor kinases GRK 2\/6 and beta-arrestin-2 in postmortem brains of opiate addicts","volume":"121","author":"Ferrer-Alc\u00f3n","year":"2004","journal-title":"Brain Res Mol Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.117.240622_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(01)00517-7","article-title":"Endocytosis of the mu opioid receptor reduces tolerance and a cellular hallmark of opiate withdrawal","volume":"32","author":"Finn","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.117.240622_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2012.11.002","article-title":"Cannabinoid agonists increase the interaction between \u03b2-arrestin 2 and ERK1\/2 and upregulate \u03b2-arrestin 2 and 5-HT(2A) receptors","volume":"68","author":"Franklin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pharmacol Res"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.117.240622_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/S1097-2765(04)00216-3","article-title":"Identification of \u03b2-arrestin2 as a G protein-coupled receptor-stimulated regulator of NF-kappaB pathways","volume":"14","author":"Gao","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mol Cell"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.117.240622_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1111\/adb.12174","article-title":"Chronic loss of noradrenergic tone produces \u03b2-arrestin2-mediated cocaine hypersensitivity and alters cellular D2 responses in the nucleus accumbens","volume":"21","author":"Gaval-Cruz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Addict Biol"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.117.240622_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31731","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M111.248310","article-title":"Agonist-directed interactions with specific \u03b2-arrestins determine \u03bc-opioid receptor trafficking, ubiquitination, and dephosphorylation","volume":"286","author":"Groer","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.117.240622_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2003.12.008","article-title":"The molecular acrobatics of arrestin activation","volume":"25","author":"Gurevich","year":"2004","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.117.240622_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7847","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5045-04.2005","article-title":"Morphine promotes rapid, arrestin-dependent endocytosis of \u03bc-opioid receptors in striatal neurons","volume":"25","author":"Haberstock-Debic","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.117.240622_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12000","article-title":"Conformational biosensors reveal GPCR signalling from endosomes","volume":"495","author":"Irannejad","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.117.240622_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1124\/mol.53.3.377","article-title":"mu-Opioid receptor internalization: opiate drugs have differential effects on a conserved endocytic mechanism in vitro and in the mammalian brain","volume":"53","author":"Keith","year":"1998","journal-title":"Mol Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.117.240622_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3100","article-title":"Distinct roles for direct and indirect pathway striatal neurons in reinforcement","volume":"15","author":"Kravitz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.117.240622_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1038\/nsmb.3014","article-title":"PRESTO-Tango as an open-source resource for interrogation of the druggable human GPCRome","volume":"22","author":"Kroeze","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Struct Mol Biol"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.117.240622_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1799","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2015.05.019","article-title":"Mu opioid receptor stimulation activates c-Jun N-terminal kinase 2 by distinct arrestin-dependent and independent mechanisms","volume":"27","author":"Kuhar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Signal"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.117.240622_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2016.06.010","article-title":"Activation of direct and indirect pathway medium spiny neurons drives distinct brain-wide responses","volume":"91","author":"Lee","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.117.240622_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1007\/s12264-013-1350-y","article-title":"\u03b2-arrestin-2 inhibits preference for alcohol in mice and suppresses Akt signaling in the dorsal striatum","volume":"29","author":"Li","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurosci Bull"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.117.240622_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.3389\/fnana.2011.00041","article-title":"The striatal balancing act in drug addiction: distinct roles of direct and indirect pathway medium spiny neurons","volume":"5","author":"Lobo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Front Neuroanat"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.117.240622_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e437","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0030437","article-title":"The mechanistic classification of addictive drugs","volume":"3","author":"L\u00fcscher","year":"2006","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.117.240622_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1124\/mol.115.099630","article-title":"Fulfilling the promise of \u201cbiased\u201d G protein-coupled receptor agonism","volume":"88","author":"Luttrell","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.117.240622_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2449","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.041604898","article-title":"Activation and targeting of extracellular signal-regulated kinases by \u03b2-arrestin scaffolds","volume":"98","author":"Luttrell","year":"2001","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.117.240622_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G535","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00397.2013","article-title":"Inhibitory signaling by CB1 receptors in smooth muscle mediated by GRK5\/\u03b2-arrestin activation of ERK1\/2 and Src kinase","volume":"306","author":"Mahavadi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.117.240622_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1038\/nature19112","article-title":"Structure-based discovery of opioid analgesics with reduced side effects","volume":"537","author":"Manglik","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.117.240622_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1177\/1087057108327329","article-title":"Characterizing cannabinoid CB2 receptor ligands using DiscoveRx PathHunter beta-arrestin assay","volume":"14","author":"McGuinness","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Biomol Screen"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.117.240622_bib51","series-title":"Designer Receptors Exclusively Activated by Designer Drugs","first-page":"29","article-title":"Design and analysis of an arrestin-biased DREADD","author":"Nakajima","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.117.240622_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.11.027","article-title":"\u03b2-arrestin2 regulates cannabinoid CB1 receptor signaling and adaptation in a central nervous system region-dependent manner","volume":"71","author":"Nguyen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.117.240622_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1038\/nature17198","article-title":"\u03b2-arrestin biosensors reveal a rapid, receptor-dependent activation\/deactivation cycle","volume":"531","author":"Nuber","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.117.240622_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17201","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M910348199","article-title":"Differential affinities of visual arrestin, \u03b2 arrestin1, and \u03b2 arrestin2 for G protein-coupled receptors delineate two major classes of receptors","volume":"275","author":"Oakley","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.117.240622_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1038\/tpj.2010.37","article-title":"\u03b2-arrestin2 influences the response to methadone in opioid-dependent patients","volume":"11","author":"Oneda","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pharmacogenomics J"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.117.240622_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/agq064","article-title":"Lack of association between genetic polymorphisms of ARRB2 and alcohol dependence in a Caucasian population","volume":"45","author":"Oneda","year":"2010","journal-title":"Alcohol Alcohol"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.117.240622_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7097","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1502742112","article-title":"Elucidation of G-protein and \u03b2-arrestin functional selectivity at the dopamine D2 receptor","volume":"112","author":"Peterson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.117.240622_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2005.04.016","article-title":"The mesolimbic dopamine system: the final common pathway for the reinforcing effect of drugs of abuse?","volume":"30","author":"Pierce","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.117.240622_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2010.08.003","article-title":"The role of beta-arrestin2 in the severity of antinociceptive tolerance and physical dependence induced by different opioid pain therapeutics","volume":"60","author":"Raehal","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.117.240622_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-41199-1_22","article-title":"\u03b2-arrestins: regulatory role and therapeutic potential in opioid and cannabinoid receptor-mediated analgesia","volume":"219","author":"Raehal","year":"2014","journal-title":"Handb Exp Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.117.240622_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1195","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.105.087254","article-title":"Morphine side effects in beta-arrestin 2 knockout mice","volume":"314","author":"Raehal","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.117.240622_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27050","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.C112.387332","article-title":"6\u2032-Guanidinonaltrindole (6\u2032-GNTI) is a G protein-biased \u03ba-opioid receptor agonist that inhibits arrestin recruitment","volume":"287","author":"Rives","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.117.240622_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2016.01.040","article-title":"DREADDs for neuroscientists","volume":"89","author":"Roth","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.117.240622_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13513","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1665-10.2010","article-title":"Serotonin, but not N-methyltryptamines, activates the serotonin 2A receptor via a \u00df-arrestin2\/Src\/Akt signaling complex in vivo","volume":"30","author":"Schmid","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.117.240622_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0708862105","article-title":"Agonist-directed signaling of the serotonin 2A receptor depends on beta-arrestin-2 interactions in vivo","volume":"105","author":"Schmid","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.117.240622_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2009.05148.x","article-title":"Regulation of the dopamine transporter: aspects relevant to psychostimulant drugs of abuse","volume":"1187","author":"Schmitt","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.117.240622_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1261","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M506576200","article-title":"Beta-arrestin-dependent, G protein-independent ERK1\/2 activation by the beta2 adrenergic receptor","volume":"281","author":"Shenoy","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.117.240622_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1307","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1063866","article-title":"Regulation of receptor fate by ubiquitination of activated \u03b2 2-adrenergic receptor and \u03b2-arrestin","volume":"294","author":"Shenoy","year":"2001","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.117.240622_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8969","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.R115.713313","article-title":"The \u03b2-arrestins: multifunctional regulators of G protein-coupled receptors","volume":"291","author":"Smith","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.117.240622_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1037\/bne0000135","article-title":"DREADDS: use and application in behavioral neuroscience","volume":"130","author":"Smith","year":"2016","journal-title":"Behav Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.117.240622_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1829","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2014.06.011","article-title":"Biased agonism of the \u03bc-opioid receptor by TRV130 increases analgesia and reduces on-target adverse effects versus morphine: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study in healthy volunteers","volume":"155","author":"Soergel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.117.240622_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mp.4002036","article-title":"Beta-arrestins 1 and 2 are associated with nicotine dependence in European American smokers","volume":"13","author":"Sun","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.117.240622_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvv162","article-title":"Cardiac myosin light chain phosphorylation and inotropic effects of a biased ligand, TRV120023, in a dilated cardiomyopathy model","volume":"107","author":"Tarigopula","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.117.240622_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1677\/JME-08-0190","article-title":"Signal transduction of the CB1 cannabinoid receptor","volume":"44","author":"Turu","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Mol Endocrinol"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1124\/jpet.117.240622_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S5","DOI":"10.1038\/ijosup.2014.3","article-title":"The physiological relevance of functional selectivity in dopamine signalling","volume":"4","author":"Urs","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Obes Suppl"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.117.240622_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2010.186","article-title":"A dopamine D1 receptor-dependent \u03b2-arrestin signaling complex potentially regulates morphine-induced psychomotor activation but not reward in mice","volume":"36","author":"Urs","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.117.240622_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E8178","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1614347113","article-title":"Distinct cortical and striatal actions of a \u03b2-arrestin-biased dopamine D2 receptor ligand reveal unique antipsychotic-like properties","volume":"113","author":"Urs","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.117.240622_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2016.10.011","article-title":"New concepts in dopamine D2 receptor biased signaling and implications for schizophrenia therapy","volume":"81","author":"Urs","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.117.240622_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1177\/1087057109337937","article-title":"Pharmacological characterization of receptor redistribution and beta-arrestin recruitment assays for the cannabinoid receptor 1","volume":"14","author":"van der Lee","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Biomol Screen"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.117.240622_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1232808","article-title":"Structural features for functional selectivity at serotonin receptors","volume":"340","author":"Wacker","year":"2013","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.117.240622_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2016.12.033","article-title":"Crystal structure of an LSD-bound human serotonin receptor","volume":"168","author":"Wacker","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.117.240622_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1530","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1205756110","article-title":"Noncanonical GPCR signaling arising from a PTH receptor-arrestin-G\u03b2\u03b3 complex","volume":"110","author":"Wehbi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.117.240622_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9914","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.17.9914","article-title":"Morphine-activated opioid receptors elude desensitization by beta-arrestin","volume":"95","author":"Whistler","year":"1998","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.117.240622_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7157","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.12.7157","article-title":"Role for G protein-coupled receptor kinase in agonist-specific regulation of mu-opioid receptor responsiveness","volume":"95","author":"Zhang","year":"1998","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022356524195638?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022356524195638?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1124\/jpet.117.240622","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,19]],"date-time":"2025-02-19T10:55:08Z","timestamp":1739962508000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0022356524195638"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,6]]},"references-count":84,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S0022356524195638"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1124\/jpet.117.240622","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.727416954.793533165","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0022-3565"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3565","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Arresting the Development of Addiction: The Role of \u03b2-Arrestin 2 in Drug Abuse","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1124\/jpet.117.240622","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2017 by The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}