{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T18:12:07Z","timestamp":1790014327442,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,2,1]],"date-time":"2002-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1012521600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,2,1]],"date-time":"2002-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1012521600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["jpet.aspetjournals.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,2]]},"DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.300.2.629","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,7,27]],"date-time":"2003-07-27T00:50:36Z","timestamp":1059267036000},"page":"629-637","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Depressant Effect of Ambroxol on Stimulated Functional Responses and Cell Death in Rat Alveolar Macrophages Exposed to Silica in Vitro"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"300","author":[{"given":"Young Ki","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoon Young","family":"Jang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eun Sook","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chung Soo","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.300.2.629_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1006\/taap.1999.8716","article-title":"Antioxidant treatment attenuates cytokine and chemokine levels in murine macrophages following silica exposure.","volume":"158","author":"Barrett","year":"1999","journal-title":"Toxicol Appl Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.300.2.629_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01997619","article-title":"Ambroxol inhibits interleukin 1 and tumor necrosis factor production in human mononuclear cells.","volume":"31","author":"Bianchi","year":"1990","journal-title":"Agents Actions"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.300.2.629_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1165\/ajrcmb.11.4.7522485","article-title":"Intratracheal instillation of silica up-regulates inducible nitric oxide gene expression and increases nitric oxide production in alveolar macrophages and neutrophils.","volume":"11","author":"Blackford","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.300.2.629_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1002\/jlb.55.1.112","article-title":"Inhibition of crystal-induced neutrophil activation by a protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor.","volume":"55","author":"Burt","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.300.2.629_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-008X(91)90025-A","article-title":"Silica increases cytosolic calcium ion concentration of alveolar macrophages in vitro.","volume":"111","author":"Chen","year":"1991","journal-title":"Toxicol Appl Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.300.2.629_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(99)00585-3","article-title":"The inhibitory effect of ambroxol on hypochlorous acid-induced tissue damage and respiratory burst of phagocytic cells.","volume":"383","author":"Cho","year":"1999","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.300.2.629_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1016\/S0026-895X(24)13063-5","article-title":"Protein synthesis is required for caspase activation and induction of apoptosis by bisphosphonate drugs.","volume":"54","author":"Coxon","year":"1998","journal-title":"Mol Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.300.2.629_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30611","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.274.43.30611","article-title":"Freshly fractured crystalline silica induces activator protein-1 activation through ERKs and p38 MAPK.","volume":"274","author":"Ding","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.300.2.629_bib9","first-page":"255","article-title":"The pharmacology of ambroxol.","volume":"153","author":"Disse","year":"1987","journal-title":"Eur J Respir Dis"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.300.2.629_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-4274(95)03578-8","article-title":"TNF-\u03b1 and increased chemokine expression in rat lung after particle exposure.","volume":"82\/83","author":"Driscoll","year":"1995","journal-title":"Toxicol Lett"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.300.2.629_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.91.3.428","article-title":"Phagocytic cell-derived inflammatory mediators and lung disease.","volume":"91","author":"Fantone","year":"1987","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.300.2.629_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02714144","article-title":"Prevention by ambroxol of bronchopulmonary complications after upper abdominal surgery: double-blind Italian multicenter clinical study versus placebo.","volume":"169","author":"Fegiz","year":"1991","journal-title":"Lung"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.300.2.629_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-5793(94)00625-3","article-title":"Peroxynitrite-mediated oxidation of albumin to the protein-thiyl free radical.","volume":"348","author":"Gatti","year":"1994","journal-title":"FEBS Lett"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.300.2.629_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.12.9.685","article-title":"Melatonin inhibits expression of the inducible isoform of nitric oxide synthase in murine macrophages: role of inhibition of NF\u03baB activation.","volume":"12","author":"Gilad","year":"1998","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.300.2.629_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00007570","article-title":"Antioxidant function of ambroxol in mononuclear and polymorphonuclear cells in vitro.","volume":"175","author":"Gillissen","year":"1997","journal-title":"Lung"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.300.2.629_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1007\/s004330050049","article-title":"Oxidant scavenger function of ambroxol in vitro: a comparison with N-acetylcysteine.","volume":"196","author":"Gillissen","year":"1997","journal-title":"Res Exp Med"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.300.2.629_bib17","first-page":"43","article-title":"Altered calcium homeostasis in irreversibly injured P388D1 macrophages.","volume":"137","author":"Gleva","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.300.2.629_bib18","series-title":"Silica and Silica-Induced Lung Disease: Current Concepts","first-page":"163","article-title":"Pathologic responses to inhaled silica","author":"Green","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.300.2.629_bib19","first-page":"L813","article-title":"Asbestos induces apoptosis in human alveolar macrophages.","volume":"271","author":"Hamilton","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"10.1124\/jpet.300.2.629_bib20","first-page":"69","article-title":"Mechanisms associated with human alveolar macrophage stimulation by particulates.","volume":"102","author":"Holian","year":"1994","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.300.2.629_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.pa.36.040196.001023","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms of toxicant-induced immunosuppression: role of second messenger.","volume":"36","author":"Holsapple","year":"1996","journal-title":"Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.300.2.629_bib22","first-page":"L760","article-title":"Involvement of the ICE family of proteases in silica-induced apoptosis in human alveolar macrophages.","volume":"273","author":"Iyer","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.300.2.629_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-2952(00)00531-1","article-title":"Differential regulation of protein tyrosine kinase on free radical production, granule enzyme release, and cytokine synthesis by activated murine peritoneal macrophages.","volume":"61","author":"Kim","year":"2001","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.300.2.629_bib24","first-page":"111","article-title":"Protective action of ambroxol on the oxidative damage of lipid, hyaluronic acid and collagen.","volume":"6","author":"Koh","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Appl Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.300.2.629_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1006\/pupt.1999.0214","article-title":"Depressant effect of ambroxol on lipopolysaccharide- or fMLP-stimulated free radical production and granule enzyme release by alveolar macrophages.","volume":"12","author":"Lee","year":"1999","journal-title":"Pulm Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.300.2.629_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.2486\/indhealth.35.380","article-title":"Silica-induced oxygen radical generation in alveolar macrophage.","volume":"35","author":"Lim","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ind Health"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.300.2.629_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-2952(90)90035-J","article-title":"Ca2+ mobilization with leukotriene A4 and epoxytetraenes in human neutrophils.","volume":"39","author":"Luscinskas","year":"1990","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.300.2.629_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-4274(98)00051-4","article-title":"Agonist-stimulated alveolar macrophages: apoptosis and phospholipid signaling.","volume":"96\/97","author":"Lutjohann","year":"1998","journal-title":"Toxicol Lett"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.300.2.629_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1021\/tx00018a001","article-title":"The role of Ca2+ in cell killing.","volume":"3","author":"Nicotera","year":"1990","journal-title":"Chem Res Toxicol"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.300.2.629_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1629","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.94.07091629","article-title":"Protective effect of ambroxol against heat- and hydrogen peroxide-induced damage to lung lipids in mice.","volume":"7","author":"Nowak","year":"1994","journal-title":"Eur Resp J"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.300.2.629_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0773.1999.tb00878.x","article-title":"The inhibitory effect of ambroxol on respiratory burst, degranulation and cytosolic Ca2+ change in degraded immunoglobulin G-activated neutrophils.","volume":"84","author":"Park","year":"1999","journal-title":"Pharmacol Toxicol"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.300.2.629_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.1041540214","article-title":"Altered calcium homeostasis and cell injury in silica-exposed alveolar macrophages.","volume":"154","author":"Rojanasakul","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Cell Physiol"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.300.2.629_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1080\/10937409809524551","article-title":"Reactive oxygen species and silica-induced carcinogenesis.","volume":"1","author":"Shi","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Toxicol Environ Health"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.300.2.629_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/141.2.471","article-title":"Macrophages and polymorphonuclear neutrophils in lung defense and injury.","volume":"141","author":"Sibille","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.300.2.629_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1006\/meth.1999.0745","article-title":"Caspases: preparation and characterization.","volume":"17","author":"Stennicke","year":"1999","journal-title":"Companion Methods Enzymol"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.300.2.629_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02028285","article-title":"Effect of ambroxol on neutrophil chemotaxis in vitro.","volume":"24","author":"Stockley","year":"1988","journal-title":"Agents Actions"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.300.2.629_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1155\/1997\/539384","article-title":"Silica induces changes in cytosolic free calcium, cytosolic pH, and plasma membrane potential in bovine alveolar macrophages.","volume":"15","author":"Tarnok","year":"1997","journal-title":"Anal Cell Pathol"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.300.2.629_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.1993.2502","article-title":"Two distinct signal transduction pathways for the activation of guinea-pig macrophages and neutrophils by endotoxin.","volume":"197","author":"Waga","year":"1993","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.300.2.629_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02113258","article-title":"Randomized double blind trial of ambroxol for the treatment of respiratory distress syndrome.","volume":"151","author":"Wauer","year":"1992","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1124\/jpet.300.2.629_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0282(20010405)58:4<410::AID-BIP1017>3.0.CO;2-0","article-title":"Molecular dynamics stimulation of the calmodulin-trifluoperazine complex in aqueous solution.","volume":"58","author":"Yamaotsu","year":"2001","journal-title":"Biopolymers"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022356524354953?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022356524354953?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1124\/jpet.300.2.629","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,19]],"date-time":"2025-02-19T23:14:10Z","timestamp":1740006850000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0022356524354953"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2002,2]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S0022356524354953"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1124\/jpet.300.2.629","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3565"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3565","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2002,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Depressant Effect of Ambroxol on Stimulated Functional Responses and Cell Death in Rat Alveolar Macrophages Exposed to Silica in Vitro","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1124\/jpet.300.2.629","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2002 The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}