{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T14:35:28Z","timestamp":1791297328973,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,5,1]],"date-time":"2010-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1272672000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,5,1]],"date-time":"2010-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1272672000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["molpharm.aspetjournals.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Molecular Pharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,5]]},"DOI":"10.1124\/mol.109.062760","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,27]],"date-time":"2010-01-27T04:48:46Z","timestamp":1264567726000},"page":"818-827","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["Escin, a Pentacyclic Triterpene, Chemosensitizes Human Tumor Cells through Inhibition of Nuclear Factor-\u03baB Signaling Pathway"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"77","author":[{"given":"Kuzhuvelil B.","family":"Harikumar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bokyung","family":"Sung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manoj K.","family":"Pandey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sushovan","family":"Guha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sunil","family":"Krishnan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bharat B.","family":"Aggarwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1124\/mol.109.062760_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccr.2004.09.003","article-title":"Nuclear factor-kappaB: the enemy within","volume":"6","author":"Aggarwal","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"10.1124\/mol.109.062760_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2286","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2007-04-084996","article-title":"Salinosporamide A (NPI-0052) potentiates apoptosis, suppresses osteoclastogenesis, and inhibits invasion through down-modulation of NF-kappaB regulated gene products","volume":"110","author":"Ahn","year":"2007","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1124\/mol.109.062760_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(96)00645-0","article-title":"Effect of aescine on hypoxia-induced activation of human endothelial cells","volume":"315","author":"Arnould","year":"1996","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1124\/mol.109.062760_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(00)19055-X","article-title":"Assay for redox-sensitive transcription factor","volume":"319","author":"Chaturvedi","year":"2000","journal-title":"Methods Enzymol"},{"key":"10.1124\/mol.109.062760_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20551","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.273.32.20551","article-title":"Characterization of the intracellular domain of receptor activator of NF-kappaB (RANK). Interaction with tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factors and activation of NF-kappab and c-Jun N-terminal kinase","volume":"273","author":"Darnay","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1124\/mol.109.062760_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1614","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-005-7870-5","article-title":"Escin: inhibiting inflammation and promoting gastrointestinal transit to attenuate formation of postoperative adhesions","volume":"29","author":"Fu","year":"2005","journal-title":"World J Surg"},{"key":"10.1124\/mol.109.062760_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2045","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2004.12.014","article-title":"Effects of escin on indinavir crystallization time in the urine of patients with HIV-I infection: a multicenter, randomized, open-label, controlled, four-period crossover trial","volume":"26","author":"Grases","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Ther"},{"key":"10.1124\/mol.109.062760_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"re13","DOI":"10.1126\/stke.3572006re13","article-title":"Regulation and function of IKK and IKK-related kinases","volume":"2006","author":"H\u00e4cker","year":"2006","journal-title":"Sci STKE"},{"key":"10.1124\/mol.109.062760_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1248\/cpb.56.12","article-title":"Anti-obesity effects of escins extracted from the seeds of Aesculus turbinata BLUME (Hippocastanaceae)","volume":"56","author":"Hu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo)"},{"key":"10.1124\/mol.109.062760_bib10","first-page":"1267","article-title":"Effects of beta-aescin on apoptosis induced by transient focal cerebral ischemia in rats","volume":"25","author":"Hu","year":"2004","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacol Sin"},{"key":"10.1124\/mol.109.062760_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1385","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1209945","article-title":"Evidence that TNF-TNFR1-TRADD-TRAF2-RIP-TAK1-IKK pathway mediates constitutive NF-kappaB activation and proliferation in human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"26","author":"Jackson-Bernitsas","year":"2007","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"10.1124\/mol.109.062760_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1657","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2006.02.031","article-title":"Identification of novel saponins from edible seeds of Japanese horse chestnut (Aesculus turbinata Blume) after treatment with wooden ashes and their nutraceutical activity","volume":"41","author":"Kimura","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Pharm Biomed Anal"},{"key":"10.1124\/mol.109.062760_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.3736\/jcim20040607","article-title":"[Clinical effect of escin on patients with cutaneous pruritus caused by blood stasis and wind-dryness]","volume":"2","author":"Li","year":"2004","journal-title":"Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Xue Bao"},{"key":"10.1124\/mol.109.062760_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1213","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-3623(94)90140-6","article-title":"Antisecretory and gastroprotective effects of aescine in rats","volume":"25","author":"Marhuenda","year":"1994","journal-title":"Gen Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1124\/mol.109.062760_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1092","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.20.1092","article-title":"Effects of escins Ia, Ib, IIa, and IIb from horse chestnut, the seeds of Aesculus hippocastanum L., on acute inflammation in animals","volume":"20","author":"Matsuda","year":"1997","journal-title":"Biol Pharm Bull"},{"key":"10.1124\/mol.109.062760_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(99)00249-6","article-title":"Gastroprotections of escins Ia, Ib, IIa, and IIb on ethanol-induced gastric mucosal lesions in rats","volume":"373","author":"Matsuda","year":"1999","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1124\/mol.109.062760_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1016\/S0968-0896(98)00054-6","article-title":"Mode of action of escins Ia and IIa and E,Z-senegin II on glucose absorption in gastrointestinal tract","volume":"6","author":"Matsuda","year":"1998","journal-title":"Bioorg Med Chem"},{"key":"10.1124\/mol.109.062760_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-967118","article-title":"Aescin protection of human vascular endothelial cells exposed to cobalt chloride mimicked hypoxia and inflammatory stimuli","volume":"73","author":"Montopoli","year":"2007","journal-title":"Planta Med"},{"key":"10.1124\/mol.109.062760_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1459","DOI":"10.1158\/1535-7163.MCT-05-0495","article-title":"Beta-escin inhibits colonic aberrant crypt foci formation in rats and regulates the cell cycle growth by inducing p21(waf1\/cip1) in colon cancer cells","volume":"5","author":"Patlolla","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mol Cancer Ther"},{"key":"10.1124\/mol.109.062760_bib20","first-page":"73","article-title":"Influence of alpha-escin on skeletal changes in ovariectomized rats","volume":"57","author":"Pytlik","year":"2000","journal-title":"Acta Pol Pharm"},{"key":"10.1124\/mol.109.062760_bib21","first-page":"511","article-title":"Influence of alpha-escin on the femoral bone strength in ovariectomized rats","volume":"51","author":"Pytlik","year":"1999","journal-title":"Pol J Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1124\/mol.109.062760_bib22","first-page":"225","article-title":"[New findings on the efficacy and mode of action of the horse chestnut saponin escin]","volume":"26","author":"Rothkopf","year":"1976","journal-title":"Arzneimittelforschung"},{"key":"10.1124\/mol.109.062760_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6685","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1209934","article-title":"IkappaB kinase complexes: gateways to NF-kappaB activation and transcription","volume":"25","author":"Scheidereit","year":"2006","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"10.1124\/mol.109.062760_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2727","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2006-10-050807","article-title":"Celastrol, a novel triterpene, potentiates TNF-induced apoptosis and suppresses invasion of tumor cells by inhibiting NF-kappaB-regulated gene products and TAK1-mediated NF-kappaB activation","volume":"109","author":"Sethi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1124\/mol.109.062760_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1006\/phrs.2001.0847","article-title":"Aescin: pharmacology, pharmacokinetics and therapeutic profile","volume":"44","author":"Sirtori","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pharmacol Res"},{"key":"10.1124\/mol.109.062760_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.36.3.183","article-title":"Escin\/diethylammonium salicylate\/heparin combination gels for the topical treatment of acute impact injuries: a randomised, double blind, placebo controlled, multicentre study","volume":"36","author":"Wetzel","year":"2002","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1124\/mol.109.062760_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1631\/jzus.2005.B0028","article-title":"Effects of beta-Aescin on the expression of nuclear factor-kappaB and tumor necrosis factor-alpha after traumatic brain injury in rats","volume":"6","author":"Xiao","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Zhejiang Univ Sci B"},{"key":"10.1124\/mol.109.062760_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1510","DOI":"10.1021\/np990180u","article-title":"Anti-HIV-1 protease triterpenoid saponins from the seeds of Aesculus chinensis","volume":"62","author":"Yang","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Nat Prod"},{"key":"10.1124\/mol.109.062760_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1454","DOI":"10.1248\/cpb.44.1454","article-title":"Bioactive saponins and glycosides. III. Horse chestnut. (1): The structures, inhibitory effects on ethanol absorption, and hypoglycemic activity of escins Ia, Ib, IIa, IIb, and IIIa from the seeds of Aesculus hippocastanum L","volume":"44","author":"Yoshikawa","year":"1996","journal-title":"Chem Pharm Bull"}],"container-title":["Molecular Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0026895X24026749?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0026895X24026749?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1124\/mol.109.062760","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,19]],"date-time":"2025-02-19T09:45:00Z","timestamp":1739958300000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0026895X24026749"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,5]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S0026895X24026749"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1124\/mol.109.062760","relation":{},"ISSN":["0026-895X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0026-895X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Escin, a Pentacyclic Triterpene, Chemosensitizes Human Tumor Cells through Inhibition of Nuclear Factor-\u03baB Signaling Pathway","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Molecular Pharmacology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1124\/mol.109.062760","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2010 The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}