{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T02:33:29Z","timestamp":1790303609165,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,1]],"date-time":"2015-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1425168000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,1]],"date-time":"2015-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1425168000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["molpharm.aspetjournals.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Molecular Pharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,3]]},"DOI":"10.1124\/mol.114.096941","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,1]],"date-time":"2015-01-01T05:11:24Z","timestamp":1420089084000},"page":"501-512","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["Repurposing the Antipsychotic Trifluoperazine as an Antimetastasis Agent"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"87","author":[{"given":"Ashleigh","family":"Pulkoski-Gross","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolina","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yiyi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nengtai","family":"Ouyang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Basil","family":"Rigas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stanley","family":"Zucker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1124\/mol.114.096941_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI7798","article-title":"Wnt-1 regulation of connexin43 in cardiac myocytes","volume":"105","author":"Ai","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1124\/mol.114.096941_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6979","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1210508","article-title":"The transcription factor ZEB1 (deltaEF1) promotes tumour cell dedifferentiation by repressing master regulators of epithelial polarity","volume":"26","author":"Aigner","year":"2007","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"10.1124\/mol.114.096941_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1943","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0337599100","article-title":"Disruption of 3D tissue integrity facilitates adenovirus infection by deregulating the coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor","volume":"100","author":"Anders","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"10.1124\/mol.114.096941_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/S0925-4773(99)00309-3","article-title":"Brachyury is a target gene of the Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin signaling pathway","volume":"91","author":"Arnold","year":"2000","journal-title":"Mech Dev"},{"key":"10.1124\/mol.114.096941_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1677\/JOE-10-0342","article-title":"Somatostatin and dopamine receptor interaction in prostate and lung cancer cell lines","volume":"207","author":"Arvigo","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1124\/mol.114.096941_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd2154","article-title":"Mining the Wnt pathway for cancer therapeutics","volume":"5","author":"Barker","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat Rev Drug Discov"},{"key":"10.1124\/mol.114.096941_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27026","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M110.144022","article-title":"D1 and D2 dopamine receptor-mediated inhibition of activated normal T cell proliferation is lost in jurkat T leukemic cells","volume":"285","author":"Basu","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1124\/mol.114.096941_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.110.002642","article-title":"The physiology, signaling, and pharmacology of dopamine receptors","volume":"63","author":"Beaulieu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pharmacol Rev"},{"key":"10.1124\/mol.114.096941_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1038\/35094059","article-title":"Putting tumours in context","volume":"1","author":"Bissell","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cancer"},{"issue":"7, Suppl","key":"10.1124\/mol.114.096941_bib10","first-page":"1757","article-title":"Tissue structure, nuclear organization, and gene expression in normal and malignant breast","volume":"59","author":"Bissell","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"10.1124\/mol.114.096941_bib11","first-page":"5126","article-title":"Wnt signaling regulates expression of the receptor tyrosine kinase met in colorectal cancer","volume":"62","author":"Boon","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"10.1124\/mol.114.096941_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30174","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.271.47.30174","article-title":"Membrane type matrix metalloproteinase 1 activates pro-gelatinase A without furin cleavage of the N-terminal domain","volume":"271","author":"Cao","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1124\/mol.114.096941_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-28160-0_2","article-title":"Self-seeding in cancer","volume":"195","author":"Comen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Recent Results Cancer Res"},{"key":"10.1124\/mol.114.096941_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1007\/s00418-008-0536-2","article-title":"Chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane model systems to study and visualize human tumor cell metastasis","volume":"130","author":"Deryugina","year":"2008","journal-title":"Histochem Cell Biol"},{"key":"10.1124\/mol.114.096941_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.21535","article-title":"Role of the hemopexin domain of matrix metalloproteinases in cell migration","volume":"217","author":"Dufour","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Cell Physiol"},{"key":"10.1124\/mol.114.096941_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e82811","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0082811","article-title":"Development of a high-throughput three-dimensional invasion assay for anti-cancer drug discovery","volume":"8","author":"Evensen","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"10.1124\/mol.114.096941_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11221","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M611871200","article-title":"Phosphorylation of \u03b2-catenin by AKT promotes \u03b2-catenin transcriptional activity","volume":"282","author":"Fang","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1124\/mol.114.096941_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI38379","article-title":"The T-box transcription factor Brachyury promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition in human tumor cells","volume":"120","author":"Fernando","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1124\/mol.114.096941_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2003-0027","article-title":"Vascular endothelial growth factor: basic science and clinical progress","volume":"25","author":"Ferrara","year":"2004","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"10.1124\/mol.114.096941_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"992","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2011.11.016","article-title":"Cancer invasion and the microenvironment: plasticity and reciprocity","volume":"147","author":"Friedl","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1124\/mol.114.096941_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2013.06.005","article-title":"Cancer drug discovery by repurposing: teaching new tricks to old dogs","volume":"34","author":"Gupta","year":"2013","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"10.1124\/mol.114.096941_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2011.02.013","article-title":"Hallmarks of cancer: the next generation","volume":"144","author":"Hanahan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1124\/mol.114.096941_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1021\/mp800047v","article-title":"3-D tumor model for in vitro evaluation of anticancer drugs","volume":"5","author":"Horning","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mol Pharm"},{"key":"10.1124\/mol.114.096941_bib24","first-page":"1906","article-title":"Twist is up-regulated in response to Wnt1 and inhibits mouse mammary cell differentiation","volume":"63","author":"Howe","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"10.1124\/mol.114.096941_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"838651","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/838651","article-title":"Norcantharidin, derivative of cantharidin, for cancer stem cells","volume":"2013","author":"Hsieh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Evid Based Complement Alternat Med"},{"key":"10.1124\/mol.114.096941_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkn923","article-title":"Bioinformatics enrichment tools: paths toward the comprehensive functional analysis of large gene lists","volume":"37","author":"Huang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"10.1124\/mol.114.096941_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2008.211","article-title":"Systematic and integrative analysis of large gene lists using DAVID bioinformatics resources","volume":"4","author":"Huang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat Protoc"},{"key":"10.1124\/mol.114.096941_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2009.11.025","article-title":"Tumor self-seeding by circulating cancer cells","volume":"139","author":"Kim","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1124\/mol.114.096941_bib29","first-page":"1","article-title":"Why We\u2019re Losing The War On Cancer [And How To Win It]","volume":"145","author":"Leaf","year":"2004","journal-title":"Fortune"},{"key":"10.1124\/mol.114.096941_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.3181\/0703-MR-72","article-title":"Structure and function of basement membranes","volume":"232","author":"LeBleu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Exp Biol Med (Maywood)"},{"key":"10.1124\/mol.114.096941_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marques LO, Lima MS, Soares BG (2004) Trifluoperazine for schizophrenia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev (1):CD003545.","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003545.pub2"},{"key":"10.1124\/mol.114.096941_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1038\/nm0806-875","article-title":"Is cancer a disease of self-seeding?","volume":"12","author":"Norton","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.1124\/mol.114.096941_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd3078","article-title":"How to improve R&D productivity: the pharmaceutical industry\u2019s grand challenge","volume":"9","author":"Paul","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat Rev Drug Discov"},{"key":"10.1124\/mol.114.096941_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579859","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/579859","article-title":"Cytotoxicity of ferulic Acid on T24 cell line differentiated by different microenvironments","volume":"2013","author":"Peng","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"key":"10.1124\/mol.114.096941_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2303","DOI":"10.1158\/1535-7163.MCT-06-0402","article-title":"The antipsychotic drug trifluoperazine inhibits DNA repair and sensitizes non small cell lung carcinoma cells to DNA double-strand break induced cell death","volume":"6","author":"Polischouk","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mol Cancer Ther"},{"key":"10.1124\/mol.114.096941_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.12084","article-title":"Breast cancer as a systemic disease: a view of metastasis","volume":"274","author":"Redig","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1124\/mol.114.096941_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2006.13","article-title":"The gelatin sponge-chorioallantoic membrane assay","volume":"1","author":"Ribatti","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat Protoc"},{"key":"10.1124\/mol.114.096941_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.10021","article-title":"Chorioallantoic membrane capillary bed: a useful target for studying angiogenesis and anti-angiogenesis in vivo","volume":"264","author":"Ribatti","year":"2001","journal-title":"Anat Rec"},{"key":"10.1124\/mol.114.096941_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1284","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2012.03.049","article-title":"Identification of drugs including a dopamine receptor antagonist that selectively target cancer stem cells","volume":"149","author":"Sachlos","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1124\/mol.114.096941_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19204","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1108977108","article-title":"\u03b2-catenin\/TCF4 complex induces the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-activator ZEB1 to regulate tumor invasiveness","volume":"108","author":"S\u00e1nchez-Till\u00f3","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"10.1124\/mol.114.096941_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2637","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI62058","article-title":"Targeting the FOXO1\/KLF6 axis regulates EGFR signaling and treatment response","volume":"122","author":"Sangodkar","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1124\/mol.114.096941_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1359-4117.2002.01002.x","article-title":"Augmentation of apoptosis by the combination of bleomycin with trifluoperazine in the presence of mutant p53","volume":"2","author":"Sullivan","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Exp Ther Oncol"},{"key":"10.1124\/mol.114.096941_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1379","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.1512","article-title":"Asymmetric RNA duplexes mediate RNA interference in mammalian cells","volume":"26","author":"Sun","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol"},{"key":"10.1124\/mol.114.096941_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148ra117","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3003808","article-title":"Targeted disruption of the BCL9\/beta-catenin complex inhibits oncogenic Wnt signaling","volume":"4","author":"Takada","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"10.1124\/mol.114.096941_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3153","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-09-2943","article-title":"Targeting Wnt signaling: can we safely eradicate cancer stem cells?","volume":"16","author":"Takahashi-Yanaga","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"10.1124\/mol.114.096941_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5649","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-10-1040","article-title":"AACR centennial series: the biology of cancer metastasis: historical perspective","volume":"70","author":"Talmadge","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"10.1124\/mol.114.096941_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1038\/18884","article-title":"Beta-catenin regulates expression of cyclin D1 in colon carcinoma cells","volume":"398","author":"Tetsu","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1124\/mol.114.096941_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.12033","article-title":"Pharmacological modulation of beta-catenin and its applications in cancer therapy","volume":"17","author":"Thakur","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Cell Mol Med"},{"key":"10.1124\/mol.114.096941_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6549","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1206816","article-title":"Molecular basis of angiogenesis and cancer","volume":"22","author":"Tonini","year":"2003","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"10.1124\/mol.114.096941_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2110","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1102282","article-title":"Immune suppression and resistance mediated by constitutive activation of Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin signaling in human melanoma cells","volume":"189","author":"Yaguchi","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1124\/mol.114.096941_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2004.06.006","article-title":"Twist, a master regulator of morphogenesis, plays an essential role in tumor metastasis","volume":"117","author":"Yang","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1124\/mol.114.096941_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1180","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201207-1180OC","article-title":"Trifluoperazine, an antipsychotic agent, inhibits cancer stem cell growth and overcomes drug resistance of lung cancer","volume":"186","author":"Yeh","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1124\/mol.114.096941_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.3109\/07357909009012067","article-title":"Chronic calcium antagonist use in carcinoma of the lung and colon: a retrospective cohort observational study","volume":"8","author":"Zacharski","year":"1990","journal-title":"Cancer Invest"},{"key":"10.1124\/mol.114.096941_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33167","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M111.256644","article-title":"Inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase 14 (MMP-14)-mediated cancer cell migration","volume":"286","author":"Zarrabi","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1124\/mol.114.096941_bib55","first-page":"6050","article-title":"Regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor by the Wnt and K-ras pathways in colonic neoplasia","volume":"61","author":"Zhang","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"10.1124\/mol.114.096941_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1007\/s00280-003-0738-1","article-title":"Phenothiazines suppress proliferation and induce apoptosis in cultured leukemic cells without any influence on the viability of normal lymphocytes. Phenothiazines and leukemia","volume":"53","author":"Zhelev","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cancer Chemother Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1124\/mol.114.096941_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23730","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.270.40.23730","article-title":"Thrombin induces the activation of progelatinase A in vascular endothelial cells. Physiologic regulation of angiogenesis","volume":"270","author":"Zucker","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"}],"container-title":["Molecular Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0026895X24030396?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0026895X24030396?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1124\/mol.114.096941","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,19]],"date-time":"2025-02-19T10:03:33Z","timestamp":1739959413000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0026895X24030396"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,3]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S0026895X24030396"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1124\/mol.114.096941","relation":{},"ISSN":["0026-895X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0026-895X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Repurposing the Antipsychotic Trifluoperazine as an Antimetastasis Agent","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Molecular Pharmacology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1124\/mol.114.096941","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2015 by The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}