{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T17:14:08Z","timestamp":1790874848530,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":295,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,1]],"date-time":"2018-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1530403200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,1]],"date-time":"2018-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1530403200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["pharmrev.aspetjournals.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pharmacological Reviews"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]},"DOI":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,26]],"date-time":"2018-06-26T15:36:45Z","timestamp":1530027405000},"page":"684-711","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":61,"title":["Adverse Neuropsychiatric Events and Recreational Use of Efavirenz and Other HIV-1 Antiretroviral Drugs"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"70","author":[{"given":"Dhwanil A.","family":"Dalwadi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luis","family":"Ozuna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian H.","family":"Harvey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle","family":"Viljoen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John A.","family":"Schetz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1177\/135965350601100214","article-title":"Neuropsychiatric adverse events after switching from an antiretroviral regimen containing efavirenz without tenofovir to an efavirenz regimen containing tenofovir: a report of nine cases","volume":"11","author":"Allavena","year":"2006","journal-title":"Antivir Ther"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2017.07.016","article-title":"Efavirenz: what is known about the cellular mechanisms responsible for its adverse effects","volume":"812","author":"Apostolova","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1953","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiu825","article-title":"Involvement of nitric oxide in the mitochondrial action of efavirenz: a differential effect on neurons and glial cells","volume":"211","author":"Apostolova","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1038\/clpt.2008.271","article-title":"Pharmacogenetics-based population pharmacokinetic analysis of efavirenz in HIV-1-infected individuals","volume":"85","author":"Arab-Alameddine","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib5","unstructured":"Arenas-Pinto A, Grund B, Sharma S, Martinez E, Cummins N, Fox J, Klingman K, Sedlacek D, Collins S, Flynn P, et al. (2016) Increased risk of suicidal behaviour with use of efavirenz: results from START trial, in 21st World AIDS Conferences; July 18\u201322 2016; Durban, South Africa."},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2045","DOI":"10.1124\/dmd.111.039586","article-title":"Q172H replacement overcomes effects on the metabolism of cyclophosphamide and efavirenz caused by CYP2B6 variant with Arg262","volume":"39","author":"Ariyoshi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Drug Metab Dispos"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1409","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02329-12","article-title":"Protein-free efavirenz concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid and blood plasma are equivalent: applying the law of mass action to predict protein-free drug concentration","volume":"57","author":"Avery","year":"2013","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2009.04.006","article-title":"Modeling cholinergic aspects of schizophrenia: focus on the antimuscarinic syndrome","volume":"204","author":"Barak","year":"2009","journal-title":"Behav Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1793","DOI":"10.1124\/dmd.109.027706","article-title":"Glucuronidation of the antiretroviral drug efavirenz by UGT2B7 and an in vitro investigation of drug-drug interaction with zidovudine","volume":"37","author":"B\u00e9langer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Drug Metab Dispos"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib10","unstructured":"Benedek I, Joshi A, Fiske W, White S, Stevenson D, Banerjee G (1998) Pharmacokinetic interaction between efavirenz (EFV) and rifampicin (RIF) in healthy volunteers, in XII International Conference on AIDS; June 28 to July 3; Geneva, Switzerland. Abstract 42280."},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jit466","article-title":"Dependence of efavirenz- and rifampicin-isoniazid-based antituberculosis treatment drug-drug interaction on CYP2B6 and NAT2 genetic polymorphisms: ANRS 12154 study in Cambodia","volume":"209","author":"Bertrand","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkq434","article-title":"Efavirenz concentrations in CSF exceed IC50 for wild-type HIV","volume":"66","author":"Best","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2013.11.011","article-title":"The role of genetic polymorphisms in cytochrome P450 and effects of tuberculosis co-treatment on the predictive value of CYP2B6 SNPs and on efavirenz plasma levels in adult HIV patients","volume":"102","author":"Bienvenu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Antiviral Res"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.2174\/1570159X13666150307004545","article-title":"A review of biomarkers in mood and psychotic disorders: a dissection of clinical vs. preclinical correlates","volume":"13","author":"Brand","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr Neuropharmacol"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1517","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1987.03400110099035","article-title":"Approval of zidovudine (AZT) for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. A challenge to the medical and pharmaceutical communities","volume":"258","author":"Brook","year":"1987","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.106.102525","article-title":"Metabolism of efavirenz and 8-hydroxyefavirenz by P450 2B6 leads to inactivation by two distinct mechanisms","volume":"318","author":"Bumpus","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.2005.02536.x","article-title":"Interpatient variability in the pharmacokinetics of the HIV non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor efavirenz: the effect of gender, race, and CYP2B6 polymorphism","volume":"61","author":"Burger","year":"2006","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(16)30107-8","volume":"1","author":"Buti","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2791","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01537-08","article-title":"Influence of the cytochrome P450 2B6 genotype on population pharmacokinetics of efavirenz in human immunodeficiency virus patients","volume":"53","author":"Cabrera","year":"2009","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03256910","article-title":"Long-term efficacy and safety of efavirenz dose reduction to 200 mg once daily in a Caucasian patient with HIV","volume":"30","author":"Cabrera Figueroa","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Drug Investig"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(08)70205-6","article-title":"HIV immunopathogenesis and strategies for intervention","volume":"8","author":"Cadogan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2015.05.011","article-title":"The muscarinic system, cognition and schizophrenia","volume":"55","author":"Carruthers","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1080\/13548506.2011.582125","article-title":"HIV infection and mental health: suicidal behaviour--systematic review","volume":"16","author":"Catalan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Psychol Health Med"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.3109\/00207454.2010.520541","article-title":"Implications of efavirenz for neuropsychiatry: a review","volume":"120","author":"Cavalcante","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(16)30024-3","volume":"1","author":"Chan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1097\/FTD.0b013e3181ea953c","article-title":"CYP2B6 polymorphism and nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor plasma concentrations in Chinese HIV-infected patients","volume":"32","author":"Chen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ther Drug Monit"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1403","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31821670fb","article-title":"Efavirenz associated with cognitive disorders in otherwise asymptomatic HIV-infected patients","volume":"76","author":"Ciccarelli","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-143-10-200511150-00008","article-title":"Impact of efavirenz on neuropsychological performance and symptoms in HIV-infected individuals","volume":"143","author":"Clifford","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-10-188","article-title":"Incidence and risk factors of severe adverse events with nevirapine-based antiretroviral therapy in HIV-infected women. MTCT-Plus program, Abidjan, C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire","volume":"10","author":"Coffie","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000000169","article-title":"Week 48 results from a randomized clinical trial of rilpivirine\/emtricitabine\/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate vs. efavirenz\/emtricitabine\/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate in treatment-naive HIV-1-infected adults","volume":"28","author":"Cohen","year":"2014","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1177\/135965350901400502","article-title":"Effect of rifampicin-based antitubercular therapy and the cytochrome P450 2B6 516G>T polymorphism on efavirenz concentrations in adults in South Africa","volume":"14","author":"Cohen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Antivir Ther"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(02)01259-7","article-title":"Neuropsychiatric reaction induced by abacavir","volume":"113","author":"Colebunders","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1097\/FTD.0b013e318274197e","article-title":"Correlates of efavirenz exposure in Chilean patients affected with human immunodeficiency virus reveals a novel association with a polymorphism in the constitutive androstane receptor","volume":"35","author":"Cortes","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ther Drug Monit"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2006.08.004","article-title":"Pharmacogenetics of antiretroviral drugs for the treatment of HIV-infected patients: an update","volume":"7","author":"Cressey","year":"2007","journal-title":"Infect Genet Evol"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1067\/mcp.2003.22","article-title":"Population pharmacokinetics and effects of efavirenz in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection","volume":"73","author":"Csajka","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2015.05.012","article-title":"Investigation of efavirenz discontinuation in multi-ethnic populations of HIV-positive individuals by genetic analysis","volume":"2","author":"Cummins","year":"2015","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1089\/apc.2012.0410","article-title":"Cyproheptadine for prevention of neuropsychiatric adverse effects of efavirenz: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"27","author":"Dabaghzadeh","year":"2013","journal-title":"AIDS Patient Care STDS"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2613","DOI":"10.1517\/14656566.2012.742887","article-title":"Potential benefits of cyproheptadine in HIV-positive patients under treatment with antiretroviral drugs including efavirenz","volume":"13","author":"Dabaghzadeh","year":"2012","journal-title":"Expert Opin Pharmacother"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2016.04.028","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms of serotonergic action of the HIV-1 antiretroviral efavirenz","volume":"110","author":"Dalwadi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pharmacol Res"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.2007.03085.x","article-title":"Pharmacokinetic interactions of efavirenz and voriconazole in healthy volunteers","volume":"65","author":"Damle","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1521-0391.2013.12107.x","article-title":"Antiretroviral medication: an emerging category of prescription drug misuse","volume":"23","author":"Davis","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Addict"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1177\/0004867414533012","article-title":"Neuroprogression in schizophrenia: pathways underpinning clinical staging and therapeutic corollaries","volume":"48","author":"Davis","year":"2014","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1021\/js980029p","article-title":"Metabolism of amprenavir in liver microsomes: role of CYP3A4 inhibition for drug interactions","volume":"87","author":"Decker","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Pharm Sci"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1517\/14740338.2013.823396","article-title":"Neuronal toxicity of efavirenz: a systematic review","volume":"12","author":"Decloedt","year":"2013","journal-title":"Expert Opin Drug Saf"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1357","DOI":"10.1007\/s11011-017-0081-6","article-title":"Methylene blue and its analogues as antidepressant compounds","volume":"32","author":"Delport","year":"2017","journal-title":"Metab Brain Dis"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.2217\/14622416.8.6.547","article-title":"Impact of CYP2B6 polymorphism on hepatic efavirenz metabolism in vitro","volume":"8","author":"Desta","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pharmacogenomics"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib47","unstructured":"DHHS (2017) Guidelines for the use of antiretroviral agents in HIV-1-infected adults and adolescents. Panel on Antiretroviral Guidelines for Adults and Adolescents."},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.2174\/1570162X113119990048","article-title":"Genetic variants of drug metabolizing enzymes and drug transporter (ABCB1) as possible biomarkers for adverse drug reactions in an HIV\/AIDS cohort in Zimbabwe","volume":"11","author":"Dhoro","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr HIV Res"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1186\/s40360-015-0004-2","article-title":"CYP2B6*6, CYP2B6*18, Body weight and sex are predictors of efavirenz pharmacokinetics and treatment response: population pharmacokinetic modeling in an HIV\/AIDS and TB cohort in Zimbabwe","volume":"16","author":"Dhoro","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Pharmacol Toxicol"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1097\/FPC.0b013e328328d577","article-title":"In vivo analysis of efavirenz metabolism in individuals with impaired CYP2A6 function","volume":"19","author":"di Iulio","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pharmacogenet Genomics"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1525","DOI":"10.1007\/s11095-006-0279-5","article-title":"Efavirenz does not interact with the ABCB1 transporter at the blood-brain barrier","volume":"23","author":"Dirson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pharm Res"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiu429","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of efavirenz and treatment of HIV-1 among pregnant women with and without tuberculosis coinfection","volume":"211","author":"Dooley","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1067\/mcp.2002.121152","article-title":"Fruit juices inhibit organic anion transporting polypeptide-mediated drug uptake to decrease the oral availability of fexofenadine","volume":"71","author":"Dresser","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.37.5.1127","article-title":"U-90152, a potent inhibitor of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 replication","volume":"37","author":"Dueweke","year":"1993","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e32834465c8","article-title":"Severe insomnia related to high concentrations of raltegravir","volume":"25","author":"Eiden","year":"2011","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1089\/omi.2015.0039","article-title":"A global health diagnostic for personalized medicine in resource-constrained world settings: a simple PCR-RFLP method for genotyping CYP2B6 g.15582C>T and science and policy relevance for optimal use of antiretroviral drug efavirenz","volume":"19","author":"Evans","year":"2015","journal-title":"OMICS"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1124\/dmd.32.3.348","article-title":"Regulation of CYP2B6 in primary human hepatocytes by prototypical inducers","volume":"32","author":"Faucette","year":"2004","journal-title":"Drug Metab Dispos"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)07276-8","article-title":"Response to antiretroviral treatment in HIV-1-infected individuals with allelic variants of the multidrug resistance transporter 1: a pharmacogenetics study","volume":"359","author":"Fellay","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000001269","article-title":"Psychiatric symptoms in patients receiving dolutegravir","volume":"74","author":"Fettiplace","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-112-10-727","article-title":"The safety and efficacy of zidovudine (AZT) in the treatment of subjects with mildly symptomatic human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV) infection. A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"112","author":"Fischl","year":"1990","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib61","unstructured":"Fiske W, Benedek IH, Joseph JL, Dennis S, O\u2019Dea R, Hsu A, Kornhauser DM (1998) Pharmacokinetics of efavirenz (EFV) and ritonavir (RIT) after multiple oral doses in healthy volunteers, in 12th World AIDS Conference; June 28 to July 3; Geneva, Switzerland. Abstract 42269."},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.2174\/187231209789352085","article-title":"Revisiting the metabolism of ketoconazole using accurate mass","volume":"3","author":"Fitch","year":"2009","journal-title":"Drug Metab Lett"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.24289","article-title":"Ingredients in fruit juices interact with dasatinib through inhibition of BCRP: a new mechanism of beverage-drug interaction","volume":"104","author":"Fleisher","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Pharm Sci"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.clpt.6100282","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of efavirenz and nelfinavir in HIV-infected children participating in an area-under-the-curve controlled trial","volume":"83","author":"Fletcher","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.pharmtox.40.1.649","article-title":"Dual protease inhibitor therapy in HIV-infected patients: pharmacologic rationale and clinical benefits","volume":"40","author":"Flexner","year":"2000","journal-title":"Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib66","series-title":"Goodman & Gilman\u2019s The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics","first-page":"2084","article-title":"Antiretroviral agents and treatment of HIV infection","author":"Flexner","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1461","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e32833a2a14","article-title":"Safety of efavirenz in first-trimester of pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of outcomes from observational cohorts","volume":"24","author":"Ford","year":"2010","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1468-1293.2003.00142.x","article-title":"Antiretroviral therapy-induced psychosis: case report and brief review of the literature","volume":"4","author":"Foster","year":"2003","journal-title":"HIV Med"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib69","first-page":"2449","article-title":"More on abacavir-induced neuropsychiatric reactions","volume":"18","author":"Foster","year":"2004","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1299","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkl399","article-title":"Administration of efavirenz (600 mg\/day) with rifampicin results in highly variable levels but excellent clinical outcomes in patients treated for tuberculosis and HIV","volume":"58","author":"Friedland","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1097\/01.qai.0000147523.41993.47","article-title":"Long-term neuropsychiatric disorders on efavirenz-based approaches: quality of life, psychologic issues, and adherence","volume":"38","author":"Fumaz","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1097\/00042560-200203010-00004","article-title":"Quality of life, emotional status, and adherence of HIV-1-infected patients treated with efavirenz versus protease inhibitor-containing regimens","volume":"29","author":"Fumaz","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2249","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkv098","article-title":"Efavirenz alters mitochondrial respiratory function in cultured neuron and glial cell lines","volume":"70","author":"Funes","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e31819c3376","article-title":"Nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor pharmacokinetics in a large unselected cohort of HIV-infected women","volume":"50","author":"Gandhi","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1453","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jis508","article-title":"A single-nucleotide polymorphism in CYP2B6 leads to >3-fold increases in efavirenz concentrations in plasma and hair among HIV-infected women","volume":"206","author":"Gandhi","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1671","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2007.03.013","article-title":"Role of G(q) protein in behavioral effects of the hallucinogenic drug 1-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodophenyl)-2-aminopropane","volume":"52","author":"Garcia","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mito.2008.05.001","article-title":"Mitochondrial diseases mimicking neurotransmitter defects","volume":"8","author":"Garcia-Cazorla","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mitochondrion"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1230","DOI":"10.1086\/522175","article-title":"Successful efavirenz dose reduction in HIV type 1-infected individuals with cytochrome P450 2B6 *6 and *26","volume":"45","author":"Gatanaga","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2373","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2013.135","article-title":"The HIV antiretroviral drug efavirenz has LSD-like properties","volume":"38","author":"Gatch","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-6405-7-32","article-title":"Presence of the CYP2B6 516G> T polymorphism, increased plasma Efavirenz concentrations and early neuropsychiatric side effects in South African HIV-infected patients","volume":"7","author":"Gounden","year":"2010","journal-title":"AIDS Res Ther"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1089\/apc.2009.0012","article-title":"Acute onset insomnia associated with the initiation of raltegravir: a report of two cases and literature review","volume":"23","author":"Gray","year":"2009","journal-title":"AIDS Patient Care STDS"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(12)70294-3","article-title":"Pretreatment antiretroviral exposure from recreational use","volume":"13","author":"Grelotti","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199709113371102","article-title":"Treatment with indinavir, zidovudine, and lamivudine in adults with human immunodeficiency virus infection and prior antiretroviral therapy","volume":"337","author":"Gulick","year":"1997","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1850","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa031772","article-title":"Triple-nucleoside regimens versus efavirenz-containing regimens for the initial treatment of HIV-1 infection","volume":"350","author":"Gulick","year":"2004","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1648","DOI":"10.1086\/497835","article-title":"Prediction of neuropsychiatric adverse events associated with long-term efavirenz therapy, using plasma drug level monitoring","volume":"41","author":"Guti\u00e9rrez","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2175","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dku110","article-title":"Secondary metabolism pathway polymorphisms and plasma efavirenz concentrations in HIV-infected adults with CYP2B6 slow metabolizer genotypes","volume":"69","author":"Haas","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib87","first-page":"2391","article-title":"Pharmacogenetics of efavirenz and central nervous system side effects: an adult AIDS clinical trials group study","volume":"18","author":"Haas","year":"2004","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1931","DOI":"10.1086\/497610","article-title":"Pharmacogenetics of long-term responses to antiretroviral regimens containing efavirenz and\/or nelfinavir: an adult aids clinical trials group study","volume":"192","author":"Haas","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1038\/tpj.2012.46","article-title":"Pharmacogenetic and pharmacokinetic aspects of CYP3A induction by efavirenz in HIV patients","volume":"13","author":"Habtewold","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pharmacogenomics J"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2011.01.017","article-title":"Multiple receptors contribute to the behavioral effects of indoleamine hallucinogens","volume":"61","author":"Halberstadt","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199709113371101","article-title":"A controlled trial of two nucleoside analogues plus indinavir in persons with human immunodeficiency virus infection and CD4 cell counts of 200 per cubic millimeter or less. AIDS clinical trials group 320 study team","volume":"337","author":"Hammer","year":"1997","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1890","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e32830e0169","article-title":"Exacerbation of depression associated with starting raltegravir: a report of four cases","volume":"22","author":"Harris","year":"2008","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib93","first-page":"5","article-title":"Lithium salts in AIDS and AIDS-related dementia","volume":"36","author":"Harvey","year":"2002","journal-title":"Psychopharmacol Bull"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e22","DOI":"10.1086\/427031","article-title":"Efavirenz intoxication due to slow hepatic metabolism","volume":"40","author":"Hasse","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/s13365-010-0006-1","article-title":"HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders before and during the era of combination antiretroviral therapy: differences in rates, nature, and predictors","volume":"17","author":"Heaton","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Neurovirol"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1097\/FTD.0b013e31824868f3","article-title":"Associations between ABCB1, CYP2A6, CYP2B6, CYP2D6, and CYP3A5 alleles in relation to efavirenz and nevirapine pharmacokinetics in HIV-infected individuals","volume":"34","author":"Heil","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ther Drug Monit"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4407","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01594-08","article-title":"Is the recommended dose of efavirenz optimal in young West African human immunodeficiency virus-infected children?","volume":"53","author":"Hirt","year":"2009","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1097\/00008571-200106000-00003","article-title":"The C3435T mutation in the human MDR1 gene is associated with altered efflux of the P-glycoprotein substrate rhodamine 123 from CD56+ natural killer cells","volume":"11","author":"Hitzl","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pharmacogenetics"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199508173330710","article-title":"Time to hit HIV, early and hard","volume":"333","author":"Ho","year":"1995","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.107.133306","article-title":"Aberrant splicing caused by single nucleotide polymorphism c.516G>T [Q172H], a marker of CYP2B6*6, is responsible for decreased expression and activity of CYP2B6 in liver","volume":"325","author":"Hofmann","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"858","DOI":"10.1097\/FPC.0b013e32835a450b","article-title":"Genome-wide association study of plasma efavirenz pharmacokinetics in AIDS clinical trials group protocols implicates several CYP2B6 variants","volume":"22","author":"Holzinger","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pharmacogenet Genomics"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0706008","article-title":"Effects of grapefruit juice and orange juice components on P-glycoprotein- and MRP2-mediated drug efflux","volume":"143","author":"Honda","year":"2004","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2017.04.038","article-title":"The dual modulatory effects of efavirenz on GABAA receptors are mediated via two distinct sites","volume":"121","author":"Huang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1711","DOI":"10.1086\/379776","article-title":"Oxidant stress is increased during treatment of human immunodeficiency virus infection","volume":"37","author":"Hulgan","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4637.2006.00255.x","article-title":"Mechanisms of prescription drug diversion among drug-involved club- and street-based populations","volume":"8","author":"Inciardi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pain Med"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.3109\/10826084.2014.880178","article-title":"Smoking crushed hyoscine\/scopolamine tablets as drug abuse","volume":"49","author":"Jalali","year":"2014","journal-title":"Subst Use Misuse"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1002","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkp335","article-title":"Intracellular accumulation of efavirenz and nevirapine is independent of P-glycoprotein activity in cultured CD4 T cells and primary human lymphocytes","volume":"64","author":"Janneh","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.2012.04314.x","article-title":"Effects of clopidogrel and itraconazole on the disposition of efavirenz and its hydroxyl metabolites: exploration of a novel CYP2B6 phenotyping index","volume":"75","author":"Jiang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/S0953-6205(00)00112-6","article-title":"New trends in antiretroviral therapy for HIV infection","volume":"11","author":"Joly","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur J Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-9556(24)15196-3","article-title":"CYP3A4 is mainly responsibile for the metabolism of a new vinca alkaloid, vinorelbine, in human liver microsomes","volume":"28","author":"Kajita","year":"2000","journal-title":"Drug Metab Dispos"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1177\/135965350501000404","article-title":"Are adverse events of nevirapine and efavirenz related to plasma concentrations?","volume":"10","author":"Kappelhoff","year":"2005","journal-title":"Antivir Ther"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib113","series-title":"Adverse Drug Interactions: A Handbook for Prescribers","article-title":"Drugs to treat infections, antivirals and antiretrovirals","author":"Karalliedde","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.2146\/ajhp090327","article-title":"Bioavailability in healthy adults of efavirenz capsule contents mixed with a small amount of food","volume":"67","author":"Kaul","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Health Syst Pharm"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0098962","article-title":"HIV associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) in Malawian adults and effect on adherence to combination anti-retroviral therapy: a cross sectional study","volume":"9","author":"Kelly","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199508173330702","article-title":"A controlled trial of zidovudine in primary human immunodeficiency virus infection","volume":"333","author":"Kinloch-De Lo\u00ebs","year":"1995","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1097\/01213011-200512000-00004","article-title":"Genetic variability of CYP2B6 in populations of African and Asian origin: allele frequencies, novel functional variants, and possible implications for anti-HIV therapy with efavirenz","volume":"15","author":"Klein","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pharmacogenet Genomics"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib118","first-page":"552","article-title":"Metabolism of the human immunodeficiency virus protease inhibitors indinavir and ritonavir by human intestinal microsomes and expressed cytochrome P4503A4\/3A5: mechanism-based inactivation of cytochrome P4503A by ritonavir","volume":"26","author":"Koudriakova","year":"1998","journal-title":"Drug Metab Dispos"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)12840-1","article-title":"Cytochrome P450-mediated metabolism of the HIV-1 protease inhibitor ritonavir (ABT-538) in human liver microsomes","volume":"277","author":"Kumar","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2101","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e3283319908","article-title":"CYP2B6, CYP2A6 and UGT2B7 genetic polymorphisms are predictors of efavirenz mid-dose concentration in HIV-infected patients","volume":"23","author":"Kwara","year":"2009","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3527","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00980-10","article-title":"Modest but variable effect of rifampin on steady-state plasma pharmacokinetics of efavirenz in healthy African-American and Caucasian volunteers","volume":"55","author":"Kwara","year":"2011","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.2515\/therapie\/2015026","article-title":"Drug-induced depression: a case\/non case study in the French pharmacovigilance database","volume":"70","author":"Lafay-Chebassier","year":"2015","journal-title":"Therapie"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.103.054866","article-title":"Hepatic CYP2B6 expression: gender and ethnic differences and relationship to CYP2B6 genotype and CAR (constitutive androstane receptor) expression","volume":"307","author":"Lamba","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib124","article-title":"Effect of food on the steady-state pharmacokinetics of tenofovir and emtricitabine plus efavirenz in Ugandan adults","volume":"2012","author":"Lamorde","year":"2012","journal-title":"Aids Res Treat"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib125","first-page":"290","article-title":"Apropos of atypical melancholia with Sustiva (efavirenz)","volume":"27","author":"Lang","year":"2001","journal-title":"Encephale"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.104.068973","article-title":"Multiple novel nonsynonymous CYP2B6 gene polymorphisms in Caucasians: demonstration of phenotypic null alleles","volume":"311","author":"Lang","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00534-08","article-title":"Interaction studies of tipranavir-ritonavir with clarithromycin, fluconazole, and rifabutin in healthy volunteers","volume":"53","author":"la Porte","year":"2009","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.4314\/asr.v14i2.70236","article-title":"Of remedies and poisons: recreational use of antiretroviral drugs in the social imagination of South African carers","volume":"14","author":"Larkan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Afr Sociol Rev"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib129","first-page":"29","article-title":"Antiretroviral treatment in HIV-1 infected pediatric patients: focus on efavirenz","volume":"5","author":"Larru","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pediatric Health Med Ther"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurol.2007.31","article-title":"Validation of the CNS penetration-effectiveness rank for quantifying antiretroviral penetration into the central nervous system","volume":"65","author":"Letendre","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.3109\/00365548.2013.773067","article-title":"Discontinuation of efavirenz therapy in HIV patients due to neuropsychiatric adverse effects","volume":"45","author":"Leutscher","year":"2013","journal-title":"Scand J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.2217\/pgs.11.160","article-title":"Worldwide variation in human drug-metabolism enzyme genes CYP2B6 and UGT2B7: implications for HIV\/AIDS treatment","volume":"13","author":"Li","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pharmacogenomics"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.104.079608","article-title":"The grapefruit juice effect is not limited to cytochrome P450 (P450) 3A4: evidence for bergamottin-dependent inactivation, heme destruction, and covalent binding to protein in P450s 2B6 and 3A5","volume":"313","author":"Lin","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1016\/S0929-6646(11)60031-4","article-title":"Delirium due to scopolamine patch in a 4-year-old boy","volume":"110","author":"Lin","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Formos Med Assoc"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1549","DOI":"10.1086\/314777","article-title":"Long-term prognosis following zidovudine monotherapy in primary human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection","volume":"179","author":"Lindb\u00e4ck","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1572","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.1P141","article-title":"Efavirenz plasma concentrations and cytochrome 2B6 polymorphisms","volume":"44","author":"Lindfelt","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Pharmacother"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1177\/0091270007309703","article-title":"Pharmacokinetic interaction between voriconazole and efavirenz at steady state in healthy male subjects","volume":"48","author":"Liu","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1468-1293.2003.00136.x","article-title":"Long-term assessment of neuropsychiatric adverse reactions associated with efavirenz","volume":"4","author":"Lochet","year":"2003","journal-title":"HIV Med"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.2165\/00003088-200241090-00004","article-title":"Pharmacokinetic interactions between efavirenz and rifampicin in HIV-infected patients with tuberculosis","volume":"41","author":"L\u00f3pez-Cort\u00e9s","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacokinet"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e128","DOI":"10.1086\/522764","article-title":"Psychosis in a 12-year-old HIV-positive girl with an increased serum concentration of efavirenz","volume":"45","author":"Lowenhaupt","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiq043","article-title":"Association of pharmacogenetic markers with premature discontinuation of first-line anti-HIV therapy: an observational cohort study","volume":"203","author":"Lubomirov","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1002\/bdd.597","article-title":"Pharmacokinetic interaction between efavirenz and dual protease inhibitors in healthy volunteers","volume":"29","author":"Ma","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biopharm Drug Dispos"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1007\/s13365-015-0382-7","article-title":"Long-term efavirenz use is associated with worse neurocognitive functioning in HIV-infected patients","volume":"22","author":"Ma","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Neurovirol"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2010.05.004","article-title":"A review on the oxidative and nitrosative stress (O&NS) pathways in major depression and their possible contribution to the (neuro)degenerative processes in that illness","volume":"35","author":"Maes","year":"2011","journal-title":"Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"Suppl 4","key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S453","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000000479","article-title":"Increasing trends in HIV prevalence among people aged 50 years and older: evidence from estimates and survey data","volume":"28","author":"Mahy","year":"2014","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0706135","article-title":"HLA-B*5701 screening for hypersensitivity to abacavir","volume":"358","author":"Mallal","year":"2008","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02023-12","article-title":"Impact of pharmacogenetic markers of CYP2B6, clinical factors, and drug-drug interaction on efavirenz concentrations in HIV\/tuberculosis-coinfected patients","volume":"57","author":"Manosuthi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4545","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00492-09","article-title":"Body weight cutoff for daily dosage of efavirenz and 60-week efficacy of efavirenz-based regimen in human immunodeficiency virus and tuberculosis coinfected patients receiving rifampin","volume":"53","author":"Manosuthi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200101050-00011","article-title":"Efavirenz plasma levels can predict treatment failure and central nervous system side effects in HIV-1-infected patients","volume":"15","author":"Marzolini","year":"2001","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.1038\/ejhg.2008.49","article-title":"Establishment of a biobank and pharmacogenetics database of African populations","volume":"16","author":"Matimba","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur J Hum Genet"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3406","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1988.03720230018014","article-title":"Manic syndrome associated with zidovudine treatment","volume":"259","author":"Maxwell","year":"1988","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1097\/ADM.0b013e318293655a","article-title":"Interactions between alcohol and the antiretroviral medications ritonavir or efavirenz","volume":"7","author":"McCance-Katz","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Addict Med"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1097\/FPC.0000000000000145","article-title":"PharmGKB summary: efavirenz pathway, pharmacokinetics","volume":"25","author":"McDonagh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pharmacogenet Genomics"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-117-6-487","article-title":"Zidovudine: five years later","volume":"117","author":"McLeod","year":"1992","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.2007.02884.x","article-title":"CYP2B6 983T>C polymorphism is prevalent in West Africa but absent in Papua New Guinea: implications for HIV\/AIDS treatment","volume":"64","author":"Mehlotra","year":"2007","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2125.1996.d01-3339.x","article-title":"Improved tolerability of ritonavir derived from pharmacokinetic principles","volume":"42","author":"Merry","year":"1996","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1111\/hiv.12012","article-title":"Neurological and psychiatric tolerability of rilpivirine (TMC278) vs. efavirenz in treatment-na\u00efve, HIV-1-infected patients at 48 weeks","volume":"14","author":"Mills","year":"2013","journal-title":"HIV Med"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib158","first-page":"945","article-title":"Effect of African potato (Hypoxis hemerocallidea) on the pharmacokinetics of efavirenz","volume":"98","author":"Mogatle","year":"2008","journal-title":"S Afr Med J"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1086\/315711","article-title":"Once-daily combination therapy with emtricitabine, didanosine, and efavirenz in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients","volume":"182","author":"Molina","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.7326\/M14-0293","article-title":"Association between efavirenz as initial therapy for HIV-1 infection and increased risk for suicidal ideation or attempted or completed suicide: an analysis of trial data","volume":"161","author":"Mollan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2012.12.011","article-title":"Social isolation rearing induces mitochondrial, immunological, neurochemical and behavioural deficits in rats, and is reversed by clozapine or N-acetyl cysteine","volume":"30","author":"M\u00f6ller","year":"2013","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1007\/s11011-013-9433-z","article-title":"N-Acetyl cysteine reverses social isolation rearing induced changes in cortico-striatal monoamines in rats","volume":"28","author":"M\u00f6ller","year":"2013","journal-title":"Metab Brain Dis"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1021\/cn5003368","article-title":"Neurodevelopmental animal models reveal the convergent role of neurotransmitter systems, inflammation, and oxidative stress as biomarkers of schizophrenia: implications for novel drug development","volume":"6","author":"M\u00f6ller","year":"2015","journal-title":"ACS Chem Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1468-1293.2003.00160.x","article-title":"Recurrence of post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms after initiation of antiretrovirals including efavirenz: a report of two cases","volume":"4","author":"Moreno","year":"2003","journal-title":"HIV Med"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1840","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200209060-00023","article-title":"Nevirapine-induced neuropsychiatric complications, a class effect of non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors?","volume":"16","author":"Morlese","year":"2002","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1067\/mcp.2002.124519","article-title":"Hepatic but not intestinal CYP3A4 displays dose-dependent induction by efavirenz in humans","volume":"72","author":"Mouly","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.2009.03516.x","article-title":"A novel polymorphism in ABCB1 gene, CYP2B6*6 and sex predict single-dose efavirenz population pharmacokinetics in Ugandans","volume":"68","author":"Mukonzo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib168","first-page":"103","article-title":"Neuropsychiatric symptoms associated with efavirenz: prevalence, correlates, and management. A neurobehavioral review","volume":"11","author":"Mu\u00f1oz-Moreno","year":"2009","journal-title":"AIDS Rev"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1319","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-9556(24)14935-5","article-title":"Identification and characterization of efavirenz metabolites by liquid chromatography\/mass spectrometry and high field NMR: species differences in the metabolism of efavirenz","volume":"27","author":"Mutlib","year":"1999","journal-title":"Drug Metab Dispos"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1007\/s150100070021","article-title":"Long-term responses to treatment including ritonavir or nelfinavir in HIV-1-infected children","volume":"28","author":"Nadal","year":"2000","journal-title":"Infection"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7448\/IAS.17.1.19214","article-title":"No evident association between efavirenz use and suicidality was identified from a disproportionality analysis using the FAERS database","volume":"17","author":"Napoli","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Int AIDS Soc"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib172","series-title":"National Consolidated Guidelines for the Prevention of Mother-To-Child Transmission of HIV (PMTCT) and the Management of HIV in Children, Adolescents and Adults","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1310\/hct1403-81","article-title":"Rilpivirine versus efavirenz in HIV-1-infected subjects receiving emtricitabine\/tenofovir DF: pooled 96-week data from ECHO and THRIVE studies","volume":"14","author":"Nelson","year":"2013","journal-title":"HIV Clin Trials"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib174","first-page":"2188","article-title":"Impact of gender, weight and CYP2B6 genotype on efavirenz exposure in patients on HIV\/AIDS and TB treatment: implications for individualising therapy","volume":"6","author":"Nemaura","year":"2012","journal-title":"Afr J Pharm Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1038\/clpt.2010.172","article-title":"Long-term efavirenz autoinduction and its effect on plasma exposure in HIV patients","volume":"88","author":"Ngaimisi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1481","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e328348dab0","article-title":"A randomized cross-over study to compare raltegravir and efavirenz (SWITCH-ER study)","volume":"25","author":"Nguyen","year":"2011","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1159\/000355760","article-title":"Aging and chronic kidney disease","volume":"38","author":"Nitta","year":"2013","journal-title":"Kidney Blood Press Res"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1086\/515612","article-title":"Zidovudine treatment in patients with primary (acute) human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. DATRI 002 study group","volume":"178","author":"Niu","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.2174\/1389200215666141125121511","article-title":"Drug interactions between nine antifungal agents and drugs metabolized by human cytochromes P450","volume":"15","author":"Niwa","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr Drug Metab"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000002480","article-title":"No evidence of an association between efavirenz exposure and suicidality among HIV patients initiating antiretroviral therapy in a retrospective cohort study of real world data","volume":"95","author":"Nkhoma","year":"2016","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1097\/00126334-200112010-00015","article-title":"Higher efavirenz plasma levels correlate with development of insomnia","volume":"28","author":"Nunez","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1007\/s00228-007-0412-3","article-title":"High prevalence of the CYP2B6 516G-->T(*6) variant and effect on the population pharmacokinetics of efavirenz in HIV\/AIDS outpatients in Zimbabwe","volume":"64","author":"Nyakutira","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3587","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1988.03410240045015","article-title":"Manic syndrome associated with zidovudine","volume":"260","author":"O\u2019Dowd","year":"1988","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1218","DOI":"10.1124\/dmd.109.031393","article-title":"Efavirenz primary and secondary metabolism in vitro and in vivo: identification of novel metabolic pathways and cytochrome P450 2A6 as the principal catalyst of efavirenz 7-hydroxylation","volume":"38","author":"Ogburn","year":"2010","journal-title":"Drug Metab Dispos"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.2165\/00003088-200746080-00005","article-title":"General framework for the quantitative prediction of CYP3A4-mediated oral drug interactions based on the AUC increase by coadministration of standard drugs","volume":"46","author":"Ohno","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacokinet"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.3851\/IMP1780","article-title":"Efavirenz and rifampicin in the South African context: is there a need to dose-increase efavirenz with concurrent rifampicin therapy?","volume":"16","author":"Orrell","year":"2011","journal-title":"Antivir Ther"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199803263381301","article-title":"Declining morbidity and mortality among patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection","volume":"338","author":"Palella","year":"1998","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.2174\/157016208784324976","article-title":"Mortality and morbidity of HIV infected patients receiving HAART: a cohort study","volume":"6","author":"Panos","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr HIV Res"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1111\/hiv.12298","article-title":"Outcome of neuropsychiatric symptoms related to an antiretroviral drug following its substitution by nevirapine: the RELAX study","volume":"16","author":"Pedrol","year":"2015","journal-title":"HIV Med"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2011.07.081","article-title":"Efavirenz is a substrate and in turn modulates the expression of the efflux transporter ABCG2\/BCRP in the gastrointestinal tract of the rat","volume":"82","author":"Peroni","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.47.1.130-137.2003","article-title":"Population pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of efavirenz, nelfinavir, and indinavir: adult AIDS clinical trial group study 398","volume":"47","author":"Pfister","year":"2003","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1089\/apc.2008.0269","article-title":"Antiretroviral adherence and pharmacokinetics: review of their roles in sustained virologic suppression","volume":"23","author":"Pham","year":"2009","journal-title":"AIDS Patient Care STDS"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib193","series-title":"Nyaope Addicts Increase in Ermelo","author":"Phungula","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib194","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.2001.4990","article-title":"Identification of a single nucleotide polymorphism in the TATA box of the CYP2A6 gene: impairment of its promoter activity","volume":"284","author":"Pitarque","year":"2001","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2601","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkr360","article-title":"Plasma concentrations of efavirenz are associated with body weight in HIV-positive individuals","volume":"66","author":"Poeta","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib196","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1943","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199910010-00018","article-title":"The practical significance of potential biases in estimates of the AIDS incubation period distribution in the UK register of HIV seroconverters","volume":"13","author":"Porter","year":"1999","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib197","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1293.2009.00718.x","article-title":"CYP2B6 G516T genotyping in a UK cohort of HIV-positive patients: polymorphism frequency and influence on efavirenz discontinuation","volume":"10","author":"Powers","year":"2009","journal-title":"HIV Med"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib198","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-0082(00)00044-7","article-title":"Nitric oxide as modulator of neuronal function","volume":"64","author":"Prast","year":"2001","journal-title":"Prog Neurobiol"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib199","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.114.217869","article-title":"Efavirenz induces neuronal autophagy and mitochondrial alterations","volume":"351","author":"Purnell","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e318194eea6","article-title":"Pattern and predictors of immunologic recovery in human immunodeficiency virus-infected children receiving non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor-based highly active antiretroviral therapy","volume":"28","author":"Puthanakit","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1177\/135965350901400316","article-title":"Plasma efavirenz concentrations and the association with CYP2B6-516G >T polymorphism in HIV-infected Thai children","volume":"14","author":"Puthanakit","year":"2009","journal-title":"Antivir Ther"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.2165\/00002018-199308040-00005","article-title":"Zidovudine toxicity. Clinical features and management","volume":"8","author":"Rachlis","year":"1993","journal-title":"Drug Saf"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1002\/humu.22295","article-title":"Novel CYP2B6 enzyme variants in a Rwandese population: functional characterization and assessment of in silico prediction tools","volume":"34","author":"Radloff","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hum Mutat"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00899-08","article-title":"CYP2B6 G516T polymorphism but not rifampin coadministration influences steady-state pharmacokinetics of efavirenz in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients in South India","volume":"53","author":"Ramachandran","year":"2009","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkp033","article-title":"Association of high T allele frequency of CYP2B6 G516T polymorphism among ethnic south Indian HIV-infected patients with elevated plasma efavirenz and nevirapine","volume":"63","author":"Ramachandran","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2222","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e32832e95f8","article-title":"Efavirenz plasma concentrations did not predict cessation of therapy due to neuropsychiatric symptoms in a large randomized trial","volume":"23","author":"Read","year":"2009","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1089\/omi.2017.0078","article-title":"CYP2B6 haplotype predicts efavirenz plasma concentration in black South African HIV-1-infected children: a longitudinal pediatric pharmacogenomic study","volume":"21","author":"Reay","year":"2017","journal-title":"OMICS"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1086\/499364","article-title":"Pharmacogenetics of plasma efavirenz exposure after treatment discontinuation: an adult AIDS clinical trials group study","volume":"42","author":"Ribaudo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1086\/655470","article-title":"Effect of CYP2B6, ABCB1, and CYP3A5 polymorphisms on efavirenz pharmacokinetics and treatment response: an AIDS clinical trials group study","volume":"202","author":"Ribaudo","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.35.2.305","article-title":"BI-RG-587 is active against zidovudine-resistant human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and synergistic with zidovudine","volume":"35","author":"Richman","year":"1991","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2095","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa074609","article-title":"Class-sparing regimens for initial treatment of HIV-1 infection","volume":"358","author":"Riddler","year":"2008","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1293.2006.00419.x","article-title":"Efavirenz and chronic neuropsychiatric symptoms: a cross-sectional case control study","volume":"7","author":"Rihs","year":"2006","journal-title":"HIV Med"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1358","DOI":"10.1086\/429327","article-title":"Influence of 516G>T polymorphisms at the gene encoding the CYP450-2B6 isoenzyme on efavirenz plasma concentrations in HIV-infected subjects","volume":"40","author":"Rodriguez-Novoa","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib214","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1007\/s12640-009-9141-y","article-title":"Anti-HIV drugs nevirapine and efavirenz affect anxiety-related behavior and cognitive performance in mice","volume":"19","author":"Rom\u00e3o","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurotox Res"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/01213011-200501000-00001","article-title":"Influence of CYP2B6 polymorphism on plasma and intracellular concentrations and toxicity of efavirenz and nevirapine in HIV-infected patients","volume":"15","author":"Rotger","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pharmacogenet Genomics"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib216","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.clpt.6100072","article-title":"Predictive value of known and novel alleles of CYP2B6 for efavirenz plasma concentrations in HIV-infected individuals","volume":"81","author":"Rotger","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib217","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1080\/00498250802621698","article-title":"Pharmacokinetic interaction between efavirenz and ketoconazole in rats","volume":"39","author":"Saadeddin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Xenobiotica"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib218","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.2165\/00002018-200528080-00003","article-title":"Undesirable effects of citrus juice on the pharmacokinetics of drugs: focus on recent studies","volume":"28","author":"Saito","year":"2005","journal-title":"Drug Saf"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib219","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e318040b29e","article-title":"Efavirenz pharmacokinetics in HIV-1-infected children are associated with CYP2B6-G516T polymorphism","volume":"45","author":"Saitoh","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01738-13","article-title":"Pharmacometric characterization of efavirenz developmental pharmacokinetics and pharmacogenetics in HIV-infected children","volume":"58","author":"Salem","year":"2014","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib221","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkt372","article-title":"Pharmacogenetic associations with plasma efavirenz concentrations and clinical correlates in a retrospective cohort of Ghanaian HIV-infected patients","volume":"69","author":"Sarfo","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib222","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3587","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1988.03410240045016","article-title":"Manic syndrome associated with zidovudine","volume":"260","author":"Schaerf","year":"1988","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib223","first-page":"1228","article-title":"Mechanisms of enhanced oral availability of CYP3A4 substrates by grapefruit constituents. Decreased enterocyte CYP3A4 concentration and mechanism-based inactivation by furanocoumarins","volume":"25","author":"Schmiedlin-Ren","year":"1997","journal-title":"Drug Metab Dispos"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib224","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/S0026-895X(24)26457-9","article-title":"Altered expression of hepatic cytochromes P-450 in mice deficient in one or more mdr1 genes","volume":"57","author":"Schuetz","year":"2000","journal-title":"Mol Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.2005.02519.x","article-title":"Impact of citrus soft drinks relative to grapefruit juice on ciclosporin disposition","volume":"62","author":"Schwarz","year":"2006","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1399","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e328353b047","article-title":"Discontinuation of Atripla as first-line therapy in HIV-1 infected individuals","volume":"26","author":"Scourfield","year":"2012","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2008.07.011","article-title":"Mental confusion associated with scopolamine patch in elderly with mild cognitive impairment (MCI)","volume":"49","author":"Seo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch Gerontol Geriatr"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1403","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e32835f1db0","article-title":"Adverse events associated with nevirapine and efavirenz-based first-line antiretroviral therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"27","author":"Shubber","year":"2013","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib229","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.12590","article-title":"Pharmacogenetics of plasma efavirenz exposure in HIV-infected adults and children in South Africa","volume":"80","author":"Sinxadi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0701845","article-title":"Hepatobiliary and intestinal clearance of amphiphilic cationic drugs in mice in which both mdr1a and mdr1b genes have been disrupted","volume":"124","author":"Smit","year":"1998","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"issue":"4 Suppl 3","key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib231","article-title":"Lack of association between use of efavirenz and death from suicide: evidence from the D:A:D study","volume":"17","author":"Smith","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Int AIDS Soc"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib232","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1097\/01.inf.0000207467.39022.cc","article-title":"Neuropsychiatric reaction induced by abacavir in a pediatric human immunodeficiency virus-infected patient","volume":"25","author":"Soler Palacin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib233","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1007\/s00228-007-0282-8","article-title":"Effect of efavirenz on the pharmacokinetics of ketoconazole in HIV-infected patients","volume":"63","author":"Sriwiriyajan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib234","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2352","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-2952(93)90211-E","article-title":"Antagonism of the five cloned human muscarinic cholinergic receptors expressed in CHO-K1 cells by antidepressants and antihistaminics","volume":"45","author":"Stanton","year":"1993","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1874","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199912163412502","article-title":"Combination therapy with efavirenz, nelfinavir, and nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors in children infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1. Pediatric AIDS clinical trials group 382 team","volume":"341","author":"Starr","year":"1999","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib236","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1865","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199912163412501","article-title":"Efavirenz plus zidovudine and lamivudine, efavirenz plus indinavir, and indinavir plus zidovudine and lamivudine in the treatment of HIV-1 infection in adults. Study 006 Team","volume":"341","author":"Staszewski","year":"1999","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib237","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1177\/135965350801300507","article-title":"Factors influencing efavirenz and nevirapine plasma concentration: effect of ethnicity, weight and co-medication","volume":"13","author":"St\u00f6hr","year":"2008","journal-title":"Antivir Ther"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib238","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1038","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1016430825740","article-title":"Differential modulation of P-glycoprotein expression and activity by non-nucleoside HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitors in cell culture","volume":"19","author":"St\u00f6rmer","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pharm Res"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib239","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1124\/dmd.32.1.105","article-title":"Highly selective inhibition of human CYP3Aa in vitro by azamulin and evidence that inhibition is irreversible","volume":"32","author":"Stresser","year":"2004","journal-title":"Drug Metab Dispos"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.2133\/dmpk.DMPK-12-RG-120","article-title":"High plasma efavirenz concentration and CYP2B6 polymorphisms in Thai HIV-1 infections","volume":"28","author":"Sukasem","year":"2013","journal-title":"Drug Metab Pharmacokinet"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib241","series-title":"Sustiva product insert: highlights of prescribing information","author":"Sustiva","year":"1998"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib242","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1097\/FPC.0b013e328363176f","article-title":"High predictive value of CYP2B6 SNPs for steady-state plasma efavirenz levels in South African HIV\/AIDS patients","volume":"23","author":"Swart","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pharmacogenet Genomics"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib243","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2350-13-112","article-title":"PXR and CAR single nucleotide polymorphisms influence plasma efavirenz levels in South African HIV\/AIDS patients","volume":"13","author":"Swart","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Med Genet"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib244","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2006.0193","article-title":"No observable correlation between central nervous system side effects and EFV plasma concentrations in Japanese HIV type 1-infected patients treated with EFV containing HAART","volume":"23","author":"Takahashi","year":"2007","journal-title":"AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(24)39224-9","article-title":"Polymethoxylated flavones in orange juice are inhibitors of P-glycoprotein but not cytochrome P450 3A4","volume":"293","author":"Takanaga","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib246","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01613-06","article-title":"Intracellular efavirenz levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals","volume":"52","author":"Tanaka","year":"2008","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib247","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.1086\/314945","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) suppression and efavirenz drug concentrations in HIV-1-infected patients receiving combination therapy","volume":"180","author":"Tashima","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib248","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.pharmtox.48.113006.094753","article-title":"Pharmacogenetics of anti-HIV drugs","volume":"48","author":"Telenti","year":"2008","journal-title":"Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib249","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1177\/135965350801300601","article-title":"A pharmacokinetic and pharmacogenetic study of efavirenz in children: dosing guidelines can result in subtherapeutic concentrations","volume":"13","author":"ter Heine","year":"2008","journal-title":"Antivir Ther"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.112.195701","article-title":"Dendritic spine injury induced by the 8-hydroxy metabolite of efavirenz","volume":"343","author":"Tovar-y-Romo","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib251","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e3181af83d6","article-title":"Changes in cognition during antiretroviral therapy: comparison of 2 different ranking systems to measure antiretroviral drug efficacy on HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders [published correction appears in J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr (2009) 52(4):529]","volume":"52","author":"Tozzi","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib252","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1322","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2004.05.116","article-title":"Homozygous CYP2B6 *6 (Q172H and K262R) correlates with high plasma efavirenz concentrations in HIV-1 patients treated with standard efavirenz-containing regimens","volume":"319","author":"Tsuchiya","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib253","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-6405-7-8","article-title":"Effects of CYP2B6 G516T polymorphisms on plasma efavirenz and nevirapine levels when co-administered with rifampicin in HIV\/TB co-infected Thai adults","volume":"7","author":"Uttayamakul","year":"2010","journal-title":"AIDS Res Ther"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib254","first-page":"78","article-title":"Influence of ABCB-1 C3435T polymorphisms on plasma nevirapine and efavirenz levels and their effects on virologic and immunological outcomes in HIV\/TB co-infected Thai adults under anti-retroviral therapy","volume":"43","author":"Uttayamakul","year":"2012","journal-title":"Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1253","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)15997-7","article-title":"Comparison of first-line antiretroviral therapy with regimens including nevirapine, efavirenz, or both drugs, plus stavudine and lamivudine: a randomised open-label trial, the 2NN study","volume":"363","author":"van Leth","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib256","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e32832914a3","article-title":"Efavirenz dose reduction to 200 mg once daily in a patient treated with rifampicin","volume":"23","author":"van Luin","year":"2009","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib257","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e3181b061e6","article-title":"Efavirenz dose reduction is safe in patients with high plasma concentrations and may prevent efavirenz discontinuations","volume":"52","author":"van Luin","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib258","first-page":"17","article-title":"Sustiva flashbacks","volume":"10","author":"Vazquez","year":"1999","journal-title":"Posit Aware"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib259","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2009.0200","article-title":"Efavirenz plasma concentrations at 1, 3, and 6 months post-antiretroviral therapy initiation in HIV type 1-infected South African children","volume":"26","author":"Viljoen","year":"2010","journal-title":"AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1007\/s00228-011-1148-7","article-title":"Influence of CYP2B6 516G>T polymorphism and interoccasion variability (IOV) on the population pharmacokinetics of efavirenz in HIV-infected South African children","volume":"68","author":"Viljoen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib261","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1310\/VU9B-AJKE-12GM-WQHK","article-title":"Long-term safety and efficacy of NNRTI within the central nervous system","volume":"4","author":"von Giesen","year":"2003","journal-title":"HIV Clin Trials"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib262","first-page":"377","article-title":"Need for therapeutic drug monitoring in HIV-1 infected children receiving efavirenz doses according to international guidelines","volume":"11","author":"von Hentig","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur J Med Res"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib263","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1552-4604.1998.tb04398.x","article-title":"Protease inhibitors as inhibitors of human cytochromes P450: high risk associated with ritonavir","volume":"38","author":"von Moltke","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib264","first-page":"123","article-title":"Toxicity of cyproheptadine. Side effects and accidental overdosage (author\u2019s transl)","volume":"126","author":"von M\u00fchlendahl","year":"1978","journal-title":"Monatsschr Kinderheilkd"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1807","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1215541","article-title":"Dolutegravir plus abacavir-lamivudine for the treatment of HIV-1 infection","volume":"369","author":"Walmsley","year":"2013","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib266","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1426","DOI":"10.1177\/0091270006293753","article-title":"Evaluation of 227 drugs for in vitro inhibition of cytochrome P450 2B6","volume":"46","author":"Walsky","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib267","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1097\/01.fpc.0000189797.03845.90","article-title":"Identification of a novel specific CYP2B6 allele in Africans causing impaired metabolism of the HIV drug efavirenz","volume":"16","author":"Wang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pharmacogenet Genomics"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib268","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1517\/17425255.2012.685237","article-title":"Role of CAR and PXR in xenobiotic sensing and metabolism","volume":"8","author":"Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib269","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.103.049601","article-title":"The cytochrome P450 2B6 (CYP2B6) is the main catalyst of efavirenz primary and secondary metabolism: implication for HIV\/AIDS therapy and utility of efavirenz as a substrate marker of CYP2B6 catalytic activity","volume":"306","author":"Ward","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib270","article-title":"Orange juice and its component, hesperidin, decrease the expression of multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 in rat small intestine and liver","volume":"2011","author":"Watanabe","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Biomed Biotechnol"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib271","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.103.1.158","article-title":"Central anticholinergic syndrome on therapeutic doses of cyproheptadine","volume":"103","author":"Watemberg","year":"1999","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib272","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e328341685b","article-title":"A phase IV, double-blind, multicentre, randomized, placebo-controlled, pilot study to assess the feasibility of switching individuals receiving efavirenz with continuing central nervous system adverse events to etravirine","volume":"25","author":"Waters","year":"2011","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib273","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI113156","article-title":"Identification of glucocorticoid-inducible cytochromes P-450 in the intestinal mucosa of rats and man","volume":"80","author":"Watkins","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib274","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1254\/jphs.08209FP","article-title":"Induction of multiple drug transporters by efavirenz","volume":"109","author":"Weiss","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib275","series-title":"Consolidated Guidelines on the Use of Antiretroviral Drugs for Treating and Preventing HIV Infection Recommendations for a Public Health Approach","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib276","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2804","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-13-0315","article-title":"Reevaluating the accelerated approval process for oncology drugs","volume":"19","author":"Wilson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib277","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.1086\/650743","volume":"50","author":"Winston","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib278","first-page":"1354","article-title":"Effects of age on antiretroviral plasma drug concentration in HIV-infected subjects undergoing routine therapeutic drug monitoring","volume":"68","author":"Winston","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib279","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1336","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkn112","article-title":"Antiviral efficacy, tolerability and pharmacokinetics of efavirenz in an unselected cohort of HIV-infected children","volume":"61","author":"Wintergerst","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib280","first-page":"531","article-title":"No influence of the P-glycoprotein genotype (MDR1 C3435T) on plasma levels of lopinavir and efavirenz during antiretroviral treatment","volume":"8","author":"Winzer","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur J Med Res"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib281","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.324.7342.879","article-title":"Drug points: neuropsychiatric complications of nevirapine treatment","volume":"324","author":"Wise","year":"2002","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib282","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.2165\/00003088-198815050-00002","article-title":"Age-related changes in liver size and hepatic blood flow. The influence on drug metabolism in the elderly","volume":"15","author":"Woodhouse","year":"1988","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacokinet"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib283","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1989.tb136499.x","article-title":"Zidovudine-related mania","volume":"150","author":"Wright","year":"1989","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib284","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1081\/DMR-100102338","article-title":"The human CYP3A subfamily: practical considerations","volume":"32","author":"Wrighton","year":"2000","journal-title":"Drug Metab Rev"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2092","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkr272","article-title":"Cytochrome P450 2B6 (CYP2B6) and constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) polymorphisms are associated with early discontinuation of efavirenz-containing regimens","volume":"66","author":"Wyen","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib286","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"914","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkn029","article-title":"Impact of CYP2B6 983T>C polymorphism on non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor plasma concentrations in HIV-infected patients","volume":"61","author":"Wyen","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib287","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1086\/426021","article-title":"Antiretroviral drug pharmacokinetics in hepatitis with hepatic dysfunction [published correction appears in Clin Infect Dis (2005) 40:913]","volume":"40","author":"Wyles","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib288","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2100","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v13.i14.2100","article-title":"Genetic variability of CYP2B6 polymorphisms in four southern Chinese populations","volume":"13","author":"Xu","year":"2007","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib289","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.2133\/dmpk.DMPK-12-RG-124","article-title":"In vitro analysis and quantitative prediction of efavirenz inhibition of eight cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes: major effects on CYPs 2B6, 2C8, 2C9 and 2C19","volume":"28","author":"Xu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Drug Metab Pharmacokinet"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1124\/dmd.111.042416","article-title":"Effects of the CYP2B6*6 allele on catalytic properties and inhibition of CYP2B6 in vitro: implication for the mechanism of reduced efavirenz metabolism and other CYP2B6 substrates in vivo","volume":"40","author":"Xu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Drug Metab Dispos"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib291","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4583","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.06311-11","article-title":"Efavirenz pharmacokinetics in cerebrospinal fluid and plasma over a 24-hour dosing interval","volume":"56","author":"Yilmaz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib292","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-9236(03)00090-0","article-title":"Effects of polymorphism in promoter region of human CYP2A6 gene (CYP2A6*9) on expression level of messenger ribonucleic acid and enzymatic activity in vivo and in vitro","volume":"74","author":"Yoshida","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib293","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2602","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.39.12.2602","article-title":"L-743, 726 (DMP-266): a novel, highly potent nonnucleoside inhibitor of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase","volume":"39","author":"Young","year":"1995","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib294","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2013.00024","article-title":"Pharmacogenetics of cytochrome P450 2B6 (CYP2B6): advances on polymorphisms, mechanisms, and clinical relevance","volume":"4","author":"Zanger","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front Genet"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.2217\/14622416.8.7.743","article-title":"Polymorphic CYP2B6: molecular mechanisms and emerging clinical significance","volume":"8","author":"Zanger","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pharmacogenomics"},{"key":"10.1124\/pr.117.013706_bib296","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.111.183111","article-title":"Polymorphic variants of cytochrome P450 2B6 (CYP2B6.4-CYP2B6.9) exhibit altered rates of metabolism for bupropion and efavirenz: a charge-reversal mutation in the K139E variant (CYP2B6.8) impairs formation of a functional cytochrome p450-reductase complex","volume":"338","author":"Zhang","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"}],"container-title":["Pharmacological Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0031699724012584?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0031699724012584?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1124\/pr.117.013706","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,18]],"date-time":"2025-02-18T11:02:01Z","timestamp":1739876521000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0031699724012584"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]},"references-count":295,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S0031699724012584"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1124\/pr.117.013706","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-6997"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-6997","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Adverse Neuropsychiatric Events and Recreational Use of Efavirenz and Other HIV-1 Antiretroviral Drugs","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Pharmacological Reviews","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1124\/pr.117.013706","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2018 by The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}