{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T13:15:30Z","timestamp":1773753330994,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)","issue":"5839","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,8,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Influenza virus entry is mediated by the receptor binding domain (RBD) of its spike, the hemagglutinin (HA). Adaptation of avian viruses to humans is associated with HA specificity for \u03b12,6- rather than \u03b12,3-linked sialic acid (SA) receptors. Here, we define mutations in influenza A subtype H5N1 (avian) HA that alter its specificity for SA either by decreasing \u03b12,3- or increasing \u03b12,6-SA recognition. RBD mutants were used to develop vaccines and monoclonal antibodies that neutralized new variants. Structure-based modification of HA specificity can guide the development of preemptive vaccines and therapeutic monoclonal antibodies that can be evaluated before the emergence of human-adapted H5N1 strains.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1135165","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,8,9]],"date-time":"2007-08-09T20:39:28Z","timestamp":1186691968000},"page":"825-828","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":229,"title":["Immunization by Avian H5 Influenza Hemagglutinin Mutants with Altered Receptor Binding Specificity"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"317","author":[{"given":"Zhi-Yong","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health, Building 40, Room 4502, Mailstop Code MSC-3005, 40 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA."},{"name":"Emory University School of Medicine, 1510 Clifton Road NE, Room 4035, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA."}]},{"given":"Chih-Jen","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health, Building 40, Room 4502, Mailstop Code MSC-3005, 40 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA."},{"name":"Emory University School of Medicine, 1510 Clifton Road NE, Room 4035, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA."}]},{"given":"Wing-Pui","family":"Kong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health, Building 40, Room 4502, Mailstop Code MSC-3005, 40 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA."},{"name":"Emory University School of Medicine, 1510 Clifton Road NE, Room 4035, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA."}]},{"given":"Lan","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health, Building 40, Room 4502, Mailstop Code MSC-3005, 40 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA."},{"name":"Emory University School of Medicine, 1510 Clifton Road NE, Room 4035, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA."}]},{"given":"Ling","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health, Building 40, Room 4502, Mailstop Code MSC-3005, 40 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA."},{"name":"Emory University School of Medicine, 1510 Clifton Road NE, Room 4035, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA."}]},{"given":"David F.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health, Building 40, Room 4502, Mailstop Code MSC-3005, 40 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA."},{"name":"Emory University School of Medicine, 1510 Clifton Road NE, Room 4035, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA."}]},{"given":"Gary J.","family":"Nabel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health, Building 40, Room 4502, Mailstop Code MSC-3005, 40 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA."},{"name":"Emory University School of Medicine, 1510 Clifton Road NE, Room 4035, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA."}]}],"member":"221","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.micro.59.030804.121059"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.66.2.1129-1138.1992"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.72.9.7626-7631.1998"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2005.12.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","first-page":"1403","year":"1996","unstructured":"B. R. Murphy, R. G. Webster, in Fields Virology, D. M. Knipe et al., Eds. (Lippincott, Philadelphia, ed. 3, 1996), p. 1403.","journal-title":"Fields Virology"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1093155"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.biochem.69.1.531"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1093373"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1124513"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/289366a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","unstructured":"Single-letter abbreviations for the amino acid residues are as follows: A Ala; C Cys; D Asp; E Glu; F Phe; G Gly; H His; I Ile; K Lys; L Leu; M Met; N Asn; P Pro; Q Gln; R Arg; S Ser; T Thr; V Val; W Trp; and Y Tyr."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro1530"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0076-6879(87)38013-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05264"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02145"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.279.5353.1034"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.78.11.5642-5650.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","unstructured":"Materials and methods are available as supporting material on Science Online."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0607564103"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1136212"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/289373a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-83-10-2497"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.71.4.2600-2605.1997"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2004.08.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/376092a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/9299"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","unstructured":"We thank T. Zhou for computer graphics; J. Paulson for advice on glycan arrays and generously providing \u03b12 6-sialyl transferase; I. Wilson J. Stevens and R. Sasisehkaran for helpful discussions and advice; O. Blixt for formatting glycan analyses; and A. Tislerics and B. Hartman for manuscript preparation. This research was supported by the Intramural Research Program Vaccine Research Center NIAID NIH and the Center for Functional Genomics National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS) NIH. GenBank accession numbers AY651364 AY555150 DQ868374 and DQ868375 were used."}],"container-title":["Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1126\/science.1135165","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,10]],"date-time":"2024-01-10T09:37:19Z","timestamp":1704879439000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/10.1126\/science.1135165"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,8,10]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5839","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,8,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1126\/science.1135165"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.1135165","relation":{},"ISSN":["0036-8075","1095-9203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0036-8075","type":"print"},{"value":"1095-9203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,8,10]]}}}