{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T01:40:12Z","timestamp":1774402812087,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)","issue":"5832","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,22]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Mosquitoes are vectors of parasitic and viral diseases of immense importance for public health. The acquisition of the genome sequence of the yellow fever and Dengue vector,\n                    <jats:italic>Aedes aegypti<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>Aa<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), has enabled a comparative phylogenomic analysis of the insect immune repertoire: in\n                    <jats:italic>Aa<\/jats:italic>\n                    , the malaria vector\n                    <jats:italic>Anopheles gambiae<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>Ag<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), and the fruit fly\n                    <jats:italic>Drosophila melanogaster<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>Dm<\/jats:italic>\n                    ). Analysis of immune signaling pathways and response modules reveals both conservative and rapidly evolving features associated with different functional gene categories and particular aspects of immune reactions. These dynamics reflect in part continuous readjustment between accommodation and rejection of pathogens and suggest how innate immunity may have evolved.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1139862","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,21]],"date-time":"2007-06-21T17:41:47Z","timestamp":1182447707000},"page":"1738-1743","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":551,"title":["Evolutionary Dynamics of Immune-Related Genes and Pathways in Disease-Vector Mosquitoes"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"316","author":[{"given":"Robert M.","family":"Waterhouse","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK."},{"name":"Department of Structural Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Geneva Medical School, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland."},{"name":"Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland."},{"name":"Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA."},{"name":"Department of Entomology and the Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA."}]},{"given":"Evgenia V.","family":"Kriventseva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK."},{"name":"Department of Structural Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Geneva Medical School, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland."},{"name":"Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland."},{"name":"Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA."},{"name":"Department of Entomology and the Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA."}]},{"given":"Stephan","family":"Meister","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK."},{"name":"Department of Structural Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Geneva Medical School, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland."},{"name":"Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland."},{"name":"Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA."},{"name":"Department of Entomology and the Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA."}]},{"given":"Zhiyong","family":"Xi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK."},{"name":"Department of Structural Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Geneva Medical School, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland."},{"name":"Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland."},{"name":"Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA."},{"name":"Department of Entomology and the Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA."}]},{"given":"Kanwal S.","family":"Alvarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK."},{"name":"Department of Structural Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Geneva Medical School, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland."},{"name":"Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland."},{"name":"Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA."},{"name":"Department of Entomology and the Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA."}]},{"given":"Lyric C.","family":"Bartholomay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK."},{"name":"Department of Structural Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Geneva Medical School, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland."},{"name":"Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland."},{"name":"Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA."},{"name":"Department of Entomology and the Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA."}]},{"given":"Carolina","family":"Barillas-Mury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK."},{"name":"Department of Structural Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Geneva Medical School, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland."},{"name":"Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland."},{"name":"Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA."},{"name":"Department of Entomology and the Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA."}]},{"given":"Guowu","family":"Bian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK."},{"name":"Department of Structural Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Geneva Medical School, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland."},{"name":"Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland."},{"name":"Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA."},{"name":"Department of Entomology and the Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA."}]},{"given":"Stephanie","family":"Blandin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK."},{"name":"Department of Structural Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Geneva Medical School, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland."},{"name":"Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland."},{"name":"Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA."},{"name":"Department of Entomology and the Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA."}]},{"given":"Bruce M.","family":"Christensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK."},{"name":"Department of Structural Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Geneva Medical School, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland."},{"name":"Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland."},{"name":"Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA."},{"name":"Department of Entomology and the Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA."}]},{"given":"Yuemei","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK."},{"name":"Department of Structural Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Geneva Medical School, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland."},{"name":"Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland."},{"name":"Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA."},{"name":"Department of Entomology and the Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA."}]},{"given":"Haobo","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK."},{"name":"Department of Structural Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Geneva Medical School, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland."},{"name":"Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland."},{"name":"Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA."},{"name":"Department of Entomology and the Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA."}]},{"given":"Michael R.","family":"Kanost","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK."},{"name":"Department of Structural Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Geneva Medical School, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland."},{"name":"Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland."},{"name":"Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA."},{"name":"Department of Entomology and the Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA."}]},{"given":"Anastasios C.","family":"Koutsos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK."},{"name":"Department of Structural Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Geneva Medical School, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland."},{"name":"Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland."},{"name":"Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA."},{"name":"Department of Entomology and the Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA."}]},{"given":"Elena A.","family":"Levashina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK."},{"name":"Department of Structural Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Geneva Medical School, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland."},{"name":"Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland."},{"name":"Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA."},{"name":"Department of Entomology and the Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA."}]},{"given":"Jianyong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK."},{"name":"Department of Structural Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Geneva Medical School, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland."},{"name":"Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland."},{"name":"Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA."},{"name":"Department of Entomology and the Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA."}]},{"given":"Petros","family":"Ligoxygakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK."},{"name":"Department of Structural Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Geneva Medical School, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland."},{"name":"Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland."},{"name":"Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA."},{"name":"Department of Entomology and the Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA."}]},{"given":"Robert M.","family":"MacCallum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK."},{"name":"Department of Structural Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Geneva Medical School, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland."},{"name":"Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland."},{"name":"Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA."},{"name":"Department of Entomology and the Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA."}]},{"given":"George F.","family":"Mayhew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK."},{"name":"Department of Structural Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Geneva Medical School, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland."},{"name":"Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland."},{"name":"Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA."},{"name":"Department of Entomology and the Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA."}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Mendes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK."},{"name":"Department of Structural Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Geneva Medical School, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland."},{"name":"Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland."},{"name":"Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA."},{"name":"Department of Entomology and the Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA."}]},{"given":"Kristin","family":"Michel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK."},{"name":"Department of Structural Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Geneva Medical School, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland."},{"name":"Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland."},{"name":"Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA."},{"name":"Department of Entomology and the Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA."}]},{"given":"Mike A.","family":"Osta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK."},{"name":"Department of Structural Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Geneva Medical School, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland."},{"name":"Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland."},{"name":"Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA."},{"name":"Department of Entomology and the Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA."}]},{"given":"Susan","family":"Paskewitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK."},{"name":"Department of Structural Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Geneva Medical School, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland."},{"name":"Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland."},{"name":"Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA."},{"name":"Department of Entomology and the Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA."}]},{"given":"Sang Woon","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK."},{"name":"Department of Structural Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Geneva Medical School, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland."},{"name":"Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland."},{"name":"Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA."},{"name":"Department of Entomology and the Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA."}]},{"given":"Dina","family":"Vlachou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK."},{"name":"Department of Structural Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Geneva Medical School, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland."},{"name":"Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland."},{"name":"Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA."},{"name":"Department of Entomology and the Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA."}]},{"given":"Lihui","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK."},{"name":"Department of Structural Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Geneva Medical School, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland."},{"name":"Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland."},{"name":"Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA."},{"name":"Department of Entomology and the Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA."}]},{"given":"Weiqi","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK."},{"name":"Department of Structural Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Geneva Medical School, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland."},{"name":"Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland."},{"name":"Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA."},{"name":"Department of Entomology and the Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA."}]},{"given":"Liangbiao","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK."},{"name":"Department of Structural Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Geneva Medical School, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland."},{"name":"Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland."},{"name":"Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA."},{"name":"Department of Entomology and the Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA."}]},{"given":"Zhen","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK."},{"name":"Department of Structural Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Geneva Medical School, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland."},{"name":"Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland."},{"name":"Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA."},{"name":"Department of Entomology and the Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA."}]},{"given":"David W.","family":"Severson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK."},{"name":"Department of Structural Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Geneva Medical School, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland."},{"name":"Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland."},{"name":"Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA."},{"name":"Department of Entomology and the Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA."}]},{"given":"Alexander S.","family":"Raikhel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK."},{"name":"Department of Structural Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Geneva Medical School, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland."},{"name":"Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland."},{"name":"Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA."},{"name":"Department of Entomology and the Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA."}]},{"given":"Fotis C.","family":"Kafatos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK."},{"name":"Department of Structural Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Geneva Medical School, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland."},{"name":"Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland."},{"name":"Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA."},{"name":"Department of Entomology and the Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA."}]},{"given":"George","family":"Dimopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK."},{"name":"Department of Structural Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Geneva Medical School, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland."},{"name":"Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland."},{"name":"Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA."},{"name":"Department of Entomology and the Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA."}]},{"given":"Evgeny M.","family":"Zdobnov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK."},{"name":"Department of Structural Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Geneva Medical School, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland."},{"name":"Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland."},{"name":"Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA."},{"name":"Department of Entomology and the Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA."}]},{"given":"George K.","family":"Christophides","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK."},{"name":"Department of Structural Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Geneva Medical School, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland."},{"name":"Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland."},{"name":"Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA."},{"name":"Department of Entomology and the Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA."}]}],"member":"221","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1077136"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1138878"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","unstructured":"Materials and methods are available as supporting material on Science Online."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2006.01.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2006.02.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.0020014"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.emboj.7601363"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2006.10.046"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2003.10.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(01)00267-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2005.05.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1091789"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1124153"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.0020052"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2006.03.020"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2005.11.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M506191200"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.embor.7400478"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2006.00718.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ibmb.2006.07.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ibmb.2006.06.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.embor.7400831"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0608033103"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1645\/0022-3395(2003)089[0062:RPAMOB]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2005.02.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0403160"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0409181102"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M608912200"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/embo-reports\/kvf004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1237"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1092447"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.1482006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0502815102"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00391008"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.274.17.11727"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ibmb.2005.07.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2036262100"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M409905200"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0537347100"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0504950102"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.embor.7400073"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2583.2004.00534.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2005.07.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_2","unstructured":"We thank M. De Iorio for help with statistics S. Redmond for bioinformatics support and W. M. Gelbart and J. A. Hoffmann for critical reading of the manuscript and suggestions. This work was supported by the NIH\/NIAID grants P01 AI044220-06A1 to F.C.K. 5 R01 AI61576-2 to G.D. and 1 R01 AI059492-01A1 to A.S.R. the Wellcome Trust Programme grant GR077229MA to F.C.K. and G.K.C. the NIH grant GM41247 to M.R.K. and the Swiss National Science Foundation grant SNF 3100A0-112588\/1 to E.M.Z. R.M.W. was supported by a Wellcome Trust Ph.D. fellowship and A.M. was supported by a Ph.D. fellowship from the European Commission Network of Excellence grant (BioMalPar LSHP-CT-2004-553578). S.B. is a European Molecular Biology Organization Long-Term Fellow and E.A.L. is an International Research Scholar of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute."}],"container-title":["Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1126\/science.1139862","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,10]],"date-time":"2024-01-10T03:05:41Z","timestamp":1704855941000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/10.1126\/science.1139862"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,22]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5832","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,22]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1126\/science.1139862"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.1139862","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.1088980.544366","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.1088980.543706","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.1088980.542117","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0036-8075","1095-9203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0036-8075","type":"print"},{"value":"1095-9203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,22]]}}}