{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T13:57:42Z","timestamp":1787061462290,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)","issue":"5904","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Termites harbor diverse symbiotic gut microorganisms, the majority of which are as yet uncultivable and their interrelationships unclear. Here, we present the complete genome sequence of the uncultured Bacteroidales endosymbiont of the cellulolytic protist\n                    <jats:italic>Pseudotrichonympha grassii,<\/jats:italic>\n                    which accounts for 70% of the bacterial cells in the gut of the termite\n                    <jats:italic>Coptotermes formosanus<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Functional annotation of the chromosome (1,114,206 base pairs) unveiled its ability to fix dinitrogen and recycle putative host nitrogen wastes for biosynthesis of diverse amino acids and cofactors, and import glucose and xylose as energy and carbon sources. Thus, nitrogen fixation and cellulolysis are coupled within the protist's cells. This highly evolved symbiotic system probably underlies the ability of the worldwide pest termites\n                    <jats:italic>Coptotermes<\/jats:italic>\n                    to use wood as their sole food.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1165578","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,13]],"date-time":"2008-11-13T16:47:59Z","timestamp":1226594879000},"page":"1108-1109","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":220,"title":["Genome of an Endosymbiont Coupling N\n                    <sub>2<\/sub>\n                    Fixation to Cellulolysis Within Protist Cells in Termite Gut"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"322","author":[{"given":"Yuichi","family":"Hongoh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ecomolecular Biorecycling Science Research Team, RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, Saitama 351-0198, Japan."},{"name":"RIKEN Genomic Sciences Center, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan."},{"name":"MetaSystems Research Team, RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan."},{"name":"Comparative Genomics Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan."},{"name":"Department of Computational Biology, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, Chiba 277-8561, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vineet K.","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ecomolecular Biorecycling Science Research Team, RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, Saitama 351-0198, Japan."},{"name":"RIKEN Genomic Sciences Center, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan."},{"name":"MetaSystems Research Team, RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan."},{"name":"Comparative Genomics Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan."},{"name":"Department of Computational Biology, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, Chiba 277-8561, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tulika","family":"Prakash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ecomolecular Biorecycling Science Research Team, RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, Saitama 351-0198, Japan."},{"name":"RIKEN Genomic Sciences Center, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan."},{"name":"MetaSystems Research Team, RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan."},{"name":"Comparative Genomics Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan."},{"name":"Department of Computational Biology, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, Chiba 277-8561, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satoko","family":"Noda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ecomolecular Biorecycling Science Research Team, RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, Saitama 351-0198, Japan."},{"name":"RIKEN Genomic Sciences Center, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan."},{"name":"MetaSystems Research Team, RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan."},{"name":"Comparative Genomics Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan."},{"name":"Department of Computational Biology, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, Chiba 277-8561, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hidehiro","family":"Toh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ecomolecular Biorecycling Science Research Team, RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, Saitama 351-0198, Japan."},{"name":"RIKEN Genomic Sciences Center, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan."},{"name":"MetaSystems Research Team, RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan."},{"name":"Comparative Genomics Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan."},{"name":"Department of Computational Biology, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, Chiba 277-8561, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Todd D.","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ecomolecular Biorecycling Science Research Team, RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, Saitama 351-0198, Japan."},{"name":"RIKEN Genomic Sciences Center, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan."},{"name":"MetaSystems Research Team, RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan."},{"name":"Comparative Genomics Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan."},{"name":"Department of Computational Biology, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, Chiba 277-8561, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toshiaki","family":"Kudo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ecomolecular Biorecycling Science Research Team, RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, Saitama 351-0198, Japan."},{"name":"RIKEN Genomic Sciences Center, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan."},{"name":"MetaSystems Research Team, RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan."},{"name":"Comparative Genomics Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan."},{"name":"Department of Computational Biology, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, Chiba 277-8561, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshiyuki","family":"Sakaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ecomolecular Biorecycling Science Research Team, RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, Saitama 351-0198, Japan."},{"name":"RIKEN Genomic Sciences Center, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan."},{"name":"MetaSystems Research Team, RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan."},{"name":"Comparative Genomics Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan."},{"name":"Department of Computational Biology, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, Chiba 277-8561, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Atsushi","family":"Toyoda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ecomolecular Biorecycling Science Research Team, RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, Saitama 351-0198, Japan."},{"name":"RIKEN Genomic Sciences Center, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan."},{"name":"MetaSystems Research Team, RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan."},{"name":"Comparative Genomics Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan."},{"name":"Department of Computational Biology, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, Chiba 277-8561, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masahira","family":"Hattori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ecomolecular Biorecycling Science Research Team, RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, Saitama 351-0198, Japan."},{"name":"RIKEN Genomic Sciences Center, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan."},{"name":"MetaSystems Research Team, RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan."},{"name":"Comparative Genomics Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan."},{"name":"Department of Computational Biology, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, Chiba 277-8561, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moriya","family":"Ohkuma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ecomolecular Biorecycling Science Research Team, RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, Saitama 351-0198, Japan."},{"name":"RIKEN Genomic Sciences Center, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan."},{"name":"MetaSystems Research Team, RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan."},{"name":"Comparative Genomics Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan."},{"name":"Department of Computational Biology, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, Chiba 277-8561, 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U.S.A."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","unstructured":"We are grateful to all the technical staff of the Sequence Technology Team at RIKEN Genomic Sciences Center (GSC) and the Ecomolecular Biorecycling Science Research Team for their assistance. This work was supported in part by a grant for the President's Discretionary Fund of RIKEN; a Special Fund for RIKEN GSC; grants for the Bioarchitect Research Program and the Eco Molecular Science Research Program from RIKEN; a Discovery Research Institute Research Grant to Y.H. from RIKEN; a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Priority Areas \u201cComprehensive Genomics\u201d from the Ministry of Education Culture Sports Science and Technology of Japan to M.H.; and a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research from Japan Society for the Promotion of Science to Y.H. and M.O. The authors declare no competing financial interests. The sequence data have been deposited in GenBank\/DDBJ\/EMBL under accession numbers AP010656-60."}],"container-title":["Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1126\/science.1165578","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,10]],"date-time":"2024-01-10T04:40:05Z","timestamp":1704861605000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/10.1126\/science.1165578"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,14]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5904","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,14]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1126\/science.1165578"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.1165578","relation":{},"ISSN":["0036-8075","1095-9203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0036-8075","type":"print"},{"value":"1095-9203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,14]]}}}