{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T20:09:39Z","timestamp":1782504579260,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)","issue":"5930","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,22]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Rewarding Bursts of Dopamine<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Dopaminergic neurons are thought to be involved in the cognitive and hedonic underpinnings of motivated behaviors. However, it is still unclear whether dopaminergic neuron activation is sufficient to elicit reward-related behavior and which type of neuronal activity pattern serves this purpose.\n                    <jats:bold>\n                      Tsai\n                      <jats:italic>et al.<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:bold>\n                    (p. 1080; published online 23 April) directly compared tonic versus phasic firing of dopaminergic cells in the ventral tegmental area, and the effects on both behavior and dopamine release. Using a transgenic system and virus injection in mice, they targeted the dopaminergic cells with rhodopsin. Light stimulation was then used to drive dopaminergic cells either with a tonic low level of pulses or bursts of high-frequency pulses, with the number of pulses being equal across conditions. Only the high-frequency phasic firing induced a conditioned place preference and dopamine release.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1168878","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,23]],"date-time":"2009-04-23T21:40:46Z","timestamp":1240522846000},"page":"1080-1084","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1090,"title":["Phasic Firing in Dopaminergic Neurons Is Sufficient for Behavioral Conditioning"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"324","author":[{"given":"Hsing-Chen","family":"Tsai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience Program, W080 Clark Center, 318 Campus Drive West, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA."},{"name":"Department of Bioengineering, W083 Clark Center, 318 Campus Drive West, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioengineering, W083 Clark Center, 318 Campus Drive West, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antoine","family":"Adamantidis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, W083 Clark Center, 318 Campus Drive West, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Garret D.","family":"Stuber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ernest Gallo Clinic and Research Center, Department of Neurology, Wheeler Center for the Neurobiology of Drug Addiction, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonello","family":"Bonci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ernest Gallo Clinic and Research Center, Department of Neurology, Wheeler Center for the Neurobiology of Drug Addiction, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luis","family":"de Lecea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, W083 Clark Center, 318 Campus Drive West, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karl","family":"Deisseroth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioengineering, W083 Clark Center, 318 Campus Drive West, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA."},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, W083 Clark Center, 318 Campus Drive West, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"221","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1406"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1579"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0173(93)90013-P"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.278.5335.52"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.neuro.28.061604.135722"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1093360"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","unstructured":"F. 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