{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T03:29:29Z","timestamp":1776310169427,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)","issue":"5943","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,21]]},"abstract":"T Follicular Helper Cell Differentiation<\/jats:title>\n \n When B cells respond to an infection, they often require help from CD4\n +<\/jats:sup>\n T cells to mount a proper response. It is thought that a subset of CD4\n +<\/jats:sup>\n effector T cells, called T follicular helper cells (T\n FH<\/jats:sub>\n ), performs this function. Several subsets of effector CD4\n +<\/jats:sup>\n T cells arise, depending on the type of infection, which have distinct transcriptional programs driving their differentiation. Whether this is also the case for T\n FH<\/jats:sub>\n cells has not been clear (see the Perspective by\n \n Awasthi and Kuchroo<\/jats:related-article>\n <\/jats:bold>\n ).\n \n Nurieva\n et al.<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:bold>\n (p.\n 1001<\/jats:related-article>\n , published online 23 July) and\n \n Johnston\n et al.<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:bold>\n (p.\n 1006<\/jats:related-article>\n ; published online 16 July) now demonstrate that the transcription factor Bcl6 is both necessary and sufficient for T\n FH<\/jats:sub>\n differentiation and subsequent B cell\u2013mediated immunity, suggesting that it is a master regulator of this lineage. Johnston\n et al.<\/jats:italic>\n also show that expression of Bcl6 and the transcription factor, Blimp-1, are reciprocally regulated in T\n FH<\/jats:sub>\n cells and that, when ectopically expressed, Blimp-1 inhibits T\n FH<\/jats:sub>\n development.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1175870","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,16]],"date-time":"2009-07-16T21:44:35Z","timestamp":1247780675000},"page":"1006-1010","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1438,"title":["Bcl6 and Blimp-1 Are Reciprocal and Antagonistic Regulators of T Follicular Helper Cell Differentiation"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"325","author":[{"given":"Robert J.","family":"Johnston","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology (LIAI), 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA."},{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA."}]},{"given":"Amanda C.","family":"Poholek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA."}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"DiToro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology (LIAI), 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA."}]},{"given":"Isharat","family":"Yusuf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology (LIAI), 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA."}]},{"given":"Danelle","family":"Eto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology (LIAI), 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA."}]},{"given":"Burton","family":"Barnett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology (LIAI), 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA."}]},{"given":"Alexander L.","family":"Dent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Walther Oncology Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA."}]},{"given":"Joe","family":"Craft","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA."},{"name":"Section of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA."}]},{"given":"Shane","family":"Crotty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology (LIAI), 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA."},{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA."}]}],"member":"221","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2008-05-078154"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.26.021607.090344"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03555"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.173.1.68"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200636136"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.179.8.5099"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A. 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