{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T05:57:02Z","timestamp":1776232622556,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)","issue":"6145","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Coding Reward Versus Punishment<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Reinforcement learning is driven by reward prediction error, and a very influential theory has proposed that dopamine neurons provide this signal to teach value to the brain. Although this is called a reward prediction error, it has been assumed to also represent aversiveness. Thus, it was thought that the dopamine signal could be sufficient for learning total value.\n                    <jats:bold>Fiorillo<\/jats:bold>\n                    (p.\n                    <jats:related-article xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"doi\" issue=\"6145\" page=\"546\" related-article-type=\"in-this-issue\" vol=\"341\" xlink:href=\"10.1126\/science.1238699\">546<\/jats:related-article>\n                    ) found that dopamine alone was not sufficient to encode value, implying that there must be an analogous signal for aversiveness.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1238699","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,1]],"date-time":"2013-08-01T14:11:19Z","timestamp":1375366279000},"page":"546-549","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":157,"title":["Two Dimensions of Value: Dopamine Neurons Represent Reward But Not Aversiveness"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"341","author":[{"given":"Christopher D.","family":"Fiorillo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, KAIST (Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology), 291 Daehak-ro, Building 611, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"221","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","unstructured":"B. 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