{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T11:06:43Z","timestamp":1770721603721,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)","issue":"5106","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1993,4,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            The Src-related protein tyrosine kinase p56\n            <jats:sup>\n              <jats:italic>lck<\/jats:italic>\n            <\/jats:sup>\n            is essential for antigen-specific signal transduction and thymic maturation of T cells that have an \u03b1\u03b2 T cell receptor (TCR), presumably by physical association with CD4 or CD8 molecules. To evaluate the requirement for p56\n            <jats:sup>\n              <jats:italic>lck<\/jats:italic>\n            <\/jats:sup>\n            in the development of T cells that have \u03b3\u03b4 TCRs, which generally do not express CD4 or CD8, p56\n            <jats:sup>\n              <jats:italic>lck<\/jats:italic>\n            <\/jats:sup>\n            mutant mice were bred with TCR\u03b3\u03b4 transgenic mice. Few peripheral cells that carried the transgenes could be detected in p56\n            <jats:sup>\n              <jats:italic>lck<\/jats:italic>\n              -\/-\n            <\/jats:sup>\n            mice, although 70 percent of thymocytes were transgenic. Development of transgenic \u03b3\u03b4\n            <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n            thymocytes was blocked at an early stage, defined by interleukin-2 receptor \u03b1 expression. However, extrathymic development of CD8 \u03b1\u03b1\n            <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n            TCR\u03b3\u03b4\n            <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n            intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes appeared to be normal. Thus, p56\n            <jats:sup>\n              <jats:italic>lck<\/jats:italic>\n            <\/jats:sup>\n            is crucial for the thymic, but not intestinal, maturation of \u03b3\u03b4 T cells and may function in thymic development independently of CD4 or CD8.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/science.8469988","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,5]],"date-time":"2006-10-05T23:05:09Z","timestamp":1160089509000},"page":"358-361","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["Requirement for Tyrosine Kinase p56\n            <sup>\n              <i>lck<\/i>\n            <\/sup>\n            for Thymic Development of Transgenic \u03b3\u03b4 T Cells"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"260","author":[{"given":"Josef","family":"Penninger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ontario Cancer Institute and Departments of Medical Biophysics and Immunology, University of Toronto, M4X 1 K9 Toronto, Ontario."}]},{"given":"Kenji","family":"Kishihara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ontario Cancer Institute and Departments of Medical Biophysics and Immunology, University of Toronto, M4X 1 K9 Toronto, Ontario."}]},{"given":"Thierry","family":"Molina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Hotel Dieu, 75181 Paris Cedex 04, France."}]},{"given":"Valerie A.","family":"Wallace","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ontario Cancer Institute and Departments of Medical Biophysics and Immunology, University of Toronto, M4X 1 K9 Toronto, Ontario."}]},{"given":"Emma","family":"Timms","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ontario Cancer Institute and Departments of Medical Biophysics and Immunology, University of Toronto, M4X 1 K9 Toronto, Ontario."}]},{"given":"Stephen M.","family":"Hedrick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093."}]},{"given":"Tak W.","family":"Mak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ontario Cancer Institute and Departments of Medical Biophysics and Immunology, University of Toronto, M4X 1 K9 Toronto, Ontario."}]}],"member":"221","reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1038\/350062a0","volume":"350","year":"1991","unstructured":"ABRAHAM, N, ENHANCEMENT OF T-CELL RESPONSIVENESS BY THE LYMPHOCYTE-SPECIFIC TYROSINE PROTEIN-KINASE P56LCK, NATURE 350: 62 (1991).","journal-title":"NATURE"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.iy.09.040191.003335","volume":"9","year":"1991","unstructured":"ALLISON, J.P., THE IMMUNOBIOLOGY OF T-CELLS WITH INVARIANT GAMMA-DELTA ANTIGEN RECEPTORS, ANNUAL REVIEW OF IMMUNOLOGY 9: 679 (1991).","journal-title":"ANNUAL REVIEW OF IMMUNOLOGY"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","first-page":"43","volume":"88","year":"1991","unstructured":"BANDEIRA, A, EXTRATHYMIC ORIGIN OF INTESTINAL INTRAEPITHELIAL LYMPHOCYTES BEARING T-CELL ANTIGEN RECEPTOR-GAMMA-DELTA, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 88: 43 (1991).","journal-title":"PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1972592"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1899","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.168.5.1899","volume":"168","year":"1988","unstructured":"BLUESTONE, J.A., STRUCTURE AND SPECIFICITY OF T-CELL RECEPTOR-GAMMA RECEPTOR-DELTA ON MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX ANTIGEN-SPECIFIC CD3+, CD4-, CD8- LYMPHOCYTES-T, JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE 168: 1899 (1988).","journal-title":"JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","first-page":"5928","volume":"86","year":"1989","unstructured":"BONNEVILLE, M, RECOGNITION OF A SELF MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX TL REGION PRODUCT BY GAMMA-DELTA T-CELL RECEPTORS, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 86: 5928 (1989).","journal-title":"PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1695022"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2159","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.148.7.2159","volume":"148","year":"1992","unstructured":"COLLINS, T.L., P561CK ASSOCIATION WITH CD4 IS REQUIRED FOR THE INTERACTION BETWEEN CD4 AND THE TCR\/CD3 COMPLEX AND FOR OPTIMAL ANTIGEN STIMULATION, JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 148: 2159 (1992).","journal-title":"JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.138.7.2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1038\/343714a0","volume":"343","year":"1990","unstructured":"DENT, A.L., SELF-REACTIVE GAMMA-DELTA T-CELLS ARE ELIMINATED IN THE THYMUS, NATURE 343: 714 (1990).","journal-title":"NATURE"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","first-page":"377","volume":"36","year":"1992","unstructured":"EGHTESADY, P, EXPRESSION OF MOUSE TLA REGION CLASS-I GENES IN TISSUES ENRICHED FOR GAMMA-DELTA-CELLS, IMMUNOGENETICS 36: 377 (1992).","journal-title":"IMMUNOGENETICS"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-2776(08)60643-4","volume":"44","year":"1989","unstructured":"FOWLKES, B.J., MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR EVENTS OF T-CELL DEVELOPMENT, ADVANCES IN IMMUNOLOGY 44: 207 (1989).","journal-title":"ADVANCES IN IMMUNOLOGY"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(91)90235-Q"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.173.2.471","volume":"173","year":"1991","unstructured":"GUYGRAND, D, 2 GUT INTRAEPITHELIAL CD8+ LYMPHOCYTE POPULATIONS WITH DIFFERENT T-CELL RECEPTORS - A ROLE FOR THE GUT EPITHELIUM IN T-CELL DIFFERENTIATION, JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE 173: 471 (1991).","journal-title":"JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2047859"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1038\/358328a0","volume":"358","year":"1992","unstructured":"HAUGHN, L, ASSOCIATION OF TYROSINE KINASE P56(LCK) WITH CD4 INHIBITS THE INDUCTION OF GROWTH THROUGH THE ALPHA-BETA T-CELL RECEPTOR, NATURE 358: 328 (1992).","journal-title":"NATURE"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","first-page":"10475","volume":"88","year":"1991","unstructured":"IMANI, F, HEAT-SHOCK PROTEINS CAN REGULATE EXPRESSION OF THE TLA REGION-ENCODED CLASS-IB MOLECULE QA-1, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 88: 10475 (1991).","journal-title":"PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF 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