{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]],"date-time":"2026-02-25T17:29:45Z","timestamp":1772040585810,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)","issue":"57","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003052","name":"Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20007058"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20007058"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003052","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) Grant funded by the Korean Governmen","award":["NRF-2016R1A5A1938472"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2016R1A5A1938472"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci. Robot."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>By adding impedance to human joints via a soft and passive exosuit, we changed human motor patterns in intended ways.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/scirobotics.abe1243","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,25]],"date-time":"2021-08-25T19:15:12Z","timestamp":1629918912000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Body-powered variable impedance: An approach to augmenting humans with a passive device by reshaping lifting posture"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9965-0924","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sung-Sik","family":"Yun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Soft Robotics Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea."},{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Advanced Machines and Design, Institute of Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea."}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6597-578X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Keewon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea."}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7964-5148","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jooeun","family":"Ahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Soft Robotics Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea."},{"name":"Department of Physical Education, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea."},{"name":"Institute of Sport Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea."}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2555-5048","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kyu-Jin","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Soft Robotics Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea."},{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Advanced Machines and Design, Institute of Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea."}]}],"member":"221","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","unstructured":"Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses requiring days from work 2015 (Publication USDL-16-2130 BLS 2016); www.bls.gov\/news.release\/pdf\/osh2.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","unstructured":"Health and Safety Executive Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSDs) statistics in Great Britain 2020 (Health and Safety Executive 2020); www.hse.gov.uk\/statistics\/causdis\/msd.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199304000-00012"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00140139508925111"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2020.9218"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0268-0033(99)00031-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2015.09.034"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00140130410001714742"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/86.8.1091"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00140139.2010.512983"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","unstructured":"National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Ergonomic guidelines for manual material handling (Publication 2007-131 NIOSH 2007); www.cdc.gov\/niosh\/docs\/2007-131\/default.html."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01078284"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17457823.2013.828473"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000000837"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004220050560"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00621.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004220050324"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00357705"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004220050445"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00204593"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.04-11-02745.1984"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00229120"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1995.74.5.2174"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","unstructured":"C. Hamrick Engineering controls\u2014What works and what does not in Interventions Controls and Applications in Occupational Ergonomics W. S. Marras W. Karwowski Eds. (CRC Press 2014) vol. 2 chap. 5."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-8141(86)90016-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00140139208967386"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/occmed\/kqp127"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","unstructured":"The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Back belts\u2014Do they prevent injury? (Publication 94-127 NIOSH 1996); www.cdc.gov\/niosh\/docs\/94-127\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","first-page":"90","article-title":"Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of employer-issued back belts in areas of high risk for back injury","volume":"36","author":"Mitchell L. V.","year":"1994","unstructured":"L. V. Mitchell, F. H. Lawler, D. Bowen, D. W. Mote, P. Asundi, J. Purswell, Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of employer-issued back belts in areas of high risk for back injury. J. Occup. Med. 36, 90\u201394 (1994).","journal-title":"J. Occup. Med."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-6870(92)90293-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","unstructured":"H. Hara Y. Sankai Development of HAL for lumbar support in SCIS & ISIS (Japan Society for Fuzzy Theory and Intelligent Informatics 2010) pp. 416\u2013421."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Y. Muramatsu H. Umehara H. Kobayashi Improvement and quantitative performance estimation of the back support muscle suit in Proceedings of 2013 35th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medical and Biology Society (EMBC) (IEEE 2013) pp. 2844\u20132849.","DOI":"10.1109\/EMBC.2013.6610133"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M. Wehner D. Rempel H. Kazerooni Lower extremity exoskeleton reduces back forces in lifting in Proceedings of the ASME 2009 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference (ASME 2009) pp. 961\u2013968.","DOI":"10.1115\/DSCC2009-2644"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/frobt.2018.00072"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2005.12.021"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2015.12.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","first-page":"1674","article-title":"Feasibility of a biomechanically-assistive garment to reduce low back loading during leaning and lifting","volume":"65","author":"Lamers E. P.","year":"2018","unstructured":"E. P. Lamers, A. J. Yang, K. E. Zelik, Feasibility of a biomechanically-assistive garment to reduce low back loading during leaning and lifting. I.E.E.E. Trans. Biomed. Eng. 65, 1674\u20131680 (2018).","journal-title":"I.E.E.E. Trans. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00901.2014"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3063-13.2014"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.01089.2011"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-0003-6-20"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/86.662623"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1024494031121"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSRE.2005.848628"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1997.00550160075019"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5435\/00124635-200702000-00005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00508-016-1096-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10400435.1990.10132159"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_50_2","first-page":"137","article-title":"A plastic tenodesis splint: Preliminary evaluation of a functional brace for a paralyzed hand with effective wrist extensors","volume":"19","author":"Sabine C. L.","year":"1965","unstructured":"C. L. Sabine, R. G. Addison, H. K. J. Fischer, A plastic tenodesis splint: Preliminary evaluation of a functional brace for a paralyzed hand with effective wrist extensors. Orthot. Prosthet. 19, 137\u2013141 (1965).","journal-title":"Orthot. Prosthet."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scirobotics.aah4416"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbot.2017.00057"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14288"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.1998.0388"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.288.5463.100"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1518\/001872097778940632"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_57_2","unstructured":"Global Market Insights Upper Limb Prosthetics Market Size By Component (Prosthetic Wrist Prosthetic Elbow Prosthetic Shoulder Prosthetic Arm Terminal Devices) By Product (Passive Prosthetic Devices Body Powered Prosthetic Devices Myoelectric Prosthetic Devices Hybrid Prosthetic Devices) By Cause (Trauma Vascular Disease and Diabetes Cancer) By End-use (Hospitals Prosthetic Clinics Ambulatory Surgical Centers) Industry Analysis Report Regional Outlook Application Potential Competitive Market Share & Forecast 2019\u20132025 (Publication GMI4235 Global Market Insights 2019); www.gminsights.com\/industry-analysis\/upper-limb-prosthetics-market."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0309364617691622"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/ort.1960.31.suppl-43.01"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(87)90281-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000231761.73859.2c"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2009.04.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mse.2000.101962"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2016.02.046"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10255842.2018.1564819"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00140139.2016.1191679"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2018.01764"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000421672"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/BRM.41.4.1149"}],"container-title":["Science Robotics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1126\/scirobotics.abe1243","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1126\/scirobotics.abe1243","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,16]],"date-time":"2024-01-16T11:52:35Z","timestamp":1705405955000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/10.1126\/scirobotics.abe1243"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,11]]},"references-count":68,"journal-issue":{"issue":"57","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1126\/scirobotics.abe1243"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/scirobotics.abe1243","relation":{},"ISSN":["2470-9476"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2470-9476","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,11]]},"article-number":"eabe1243"}}