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Centimeter-scale walking robots were computationally designed and optimized to host on-board optoelectronics with independent stimulation of multiple optogenetic skeletal muscles, achieving remote command of walking, turning, plowing, and transport functions both at individual and collective levels. This work paves the way toward a class of biohybrid machines able to combine biological actuation and sensing with on-board computing.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/scirobotics.add1053","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,18]],"date-time":"2023-01-18T18:58:11Z","timestamp":1674068291000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/aaas_crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":127,"title":["Remote control of muscle-driven miniature robots with battery-free wireless optoelectronics"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1068-0604","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yongdeok","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA."},{"name":"Nick J.\u00a0Holonyak Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, 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