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However, generating oscillation becomes challenging under the limited power density of available environmental energy sources. Here, we developed fully autonomous soft robots with self-sustainability based on self-excited oscillation. Aided by modeling, we have successfully reduced the required input power density to around one-Sun level through a liquid crystal elastomer (LCE)\u2013based bilayer structure. The autonomous motion of the low-intensity LCE\/elastomer bilayer oscillator \u201cLiLBot\u201d under low energy supply was achieved by high photothermal conversion, low modulus, and high material responsiveness simultaneously. The LiLBot features tunable peak-to-peak amplitudes from 4 to 72 degrees and frequencies from 0.3 to 11 hertz. The oscillation approach offers a strategy for designing autonomous, untethered, and sustainable small-scale soft robots, such as a sailboat, walker, roller, and synchronized flapping wings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/scirobotics.adf4753","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,19]],"date-time":"2023-04-19T17:58:08Z","timestamp":1681927088000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/aaas_crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":153,"title":["Sunlight-powered self-excited oscillators for sustainable autonomous soft robotics"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9230-8883","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yusen","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 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