{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T06:54:39Z","timestamp":1781247279223,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)","issue":"82","content-domain":{"domain":["www.science.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Sci. Robot."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>A major advantage of surgical robots is that they can reduce the invasiveness of a procedure by enabling the clinician to manipulate tools as they would in open surgery but through small incisions in the body. Neurosurgery has yet to benefit from this advantage. Although clinical robots are available for the least invasive neurosurgical procedures, such as guiding electrode insertion, the most invasive brain surgeries, such as tumor resection, are still performed as open manual procedures. To investigate whether robotics could reduce the invasiveness of major brain surgeries while still providing the manipulation capabilities of open surgery, we created a two-armed joystick-controlled endoscopic robot. To evaluate the efficacy of this robot, we developed a set of neurosurgical skill tasks patterned after the steps of brain tumor resection. We also created a patient-derived brain model for pineal tumors, which are located in the center of the brain and are normally removed by open surgery. In comparison, testing with existing manual endoscopic instrumentation, we found that the robot provided access to a much larger working volume at the trocar tip and enabled bimanual tasks without compression of brain tissue adjacent to the trocar. Furthermore, many tasks could be completed faster with the robot. These results suggest that robotics has the potential to substantially reduce the invasiveness of brain surgery by enabling certain procedures currently performed as open surgery to be converted to endoscopic interventions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/scirobotics.adg6042","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,20]],"date-time":"2023-09-20T17:58:59Z","timestamp":1695232739000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/aaas_crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Using robotics to move a neurosurgeon\u2019s hands to the tip of their endoscope"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5389-4146","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Karl","family":"Price","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Peine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4697-8923","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Margherita","family":"Mencattelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6291-3492","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yash","family":"Chitalia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Pu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Looi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto M5G1X8, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4546-6790","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Scellig","family":"Stone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6841-9025","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"James","family":"Drake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto M5G1X8, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7294-640X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Pierre E.","family":"Dupont","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"221","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","unstructured":"National Neurosurgical Procedural Statistics 2006 Survey in National Neurosurgical Procedural Statistics 2006 Survey (AANS Rolling Meadows 2008)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-198708000-00012"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2007.13.9337"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surneu.2005.09.032"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","first-page":"79","article-title":"Endoscopic management of craniopharyngiomas: A review of 3 cases","volume":"38","author":"Abdullah J.","year":"1995","unstructured":"J.\u00a0Abdullah, J.\u00a0Caemaert, Endoscopic management of craniopharyngiomas: A review of 3 cases. 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