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Here, we propose a strategy that enables real-time tracking and navigation of a microswarm in stagnant and flowing blood environments by using laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI), featuring full-field imaging, high temporal-spatial resolution, and noninvasiveness. The change in dynamic convection induced by the microswarm can be quantitatively investigated by analyzing the perfusion unit (PU) distribution, offering an alternative approach to investigate the swarm behavior and its interaction with various blood environments. Both the microswarm and surrounding environment were monitored and imaged by LSCI in real time, and the images were further analyzed for simultaneous swarm tracking and navigation in the complex vascular system. Moreover, our strategy realized real-time tracking and delivery of a microswarm in vivo, showing promising potential for LSCI-guided active delivery of microswarm in the vascular system.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1126\/scirobotics.adh1978","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,21]],"date-time":"2024-02-21T18:59:19Z","timestamp":1708541959000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/aaas_crossmark","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":106,"title":["Tracking and navigation of a microswarm under laser speckle contrast imaging for targeted delivery"],"prefix":"10.1126","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-4213-8506","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Qinglong","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK), Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, 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